| 词条 | Manhattan Beach Pier |
| 释义 |
| name = Manhattan Beach Pier | image = Manhattan Pier.jpg | caption = The municipal pier in downtown Manhattan Beach on a typical fall afternoon | location = The west end of Manhattan Beach Boulevard, Manhattan Beach, California | coordinates = {{coord|33.88374|-118.41361|region:US-CA_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = Los Angeles | map_caption = Location in Los Angeles County | designation1 = California | designation1_offname = Manhattan Beach State Pier | designation1_number = 1018[1] | built = 1920[2][3] | architect = City Engineer A.L. Harris }} The Manhattan Beach Pier is a pier located in Manhattan Beach, California, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. The pier is {{convert|928|ft|m}} long and located at the end of Manhattan Beach Boulevard.[1] An octagonal Mediterranean-style building sits at the end of the pier and houses the Roundhouse Marine Studies Lab & Aquarium. Surfers usually can be seen below the pier. The pier includes the "Volleyball Walk of Fame," featuring plaques dedicated to past winners of the Manhattan Beach Open beach volleyball tournament. The pier is popular with locals, tourists, photographers, and artists and for fishing. It offers sunsets and vantage points from the shore and hillside. HistoryPre-historyIn 1897, the Potencia Company was incorporated to develop land in the area and proposed a seaside resort with wharves and piers.[2] The area was named Potencia, but the city of Manhattan was incorporated in 1912 with the word "Beach" being added in 1927.[2] The name was chosen by land developer Stewart Merrill.[2] A pier is believed to have been one of the first features built when the Manhattan Beach community was developed.[3] Two wooden piers were built in 1901, one at Center Street (later renamed Manhattan Beach Boulevard[4]) and one at Marine Avenue called Peck's Pier and Pavilion.[5] The Center Street Pier was {{convert|900|ft|m}} long and pylons were made by fastening three railroad rails together and driving them into the ocean floor.[3] It supported a narrow wooden deck and wave motor to generate power for the Strand lighting system, but sources disagree about whether the system worked.[2][5][3] Part of the wave motor may still be buried in the sands at the shore end of the present pier.[5] This "old iron pier", as it was called, was destroyed by a major storm in 1913.[3] Current pierLack of money, lawsuits, storms, World War I and debates about when and where to build another pier delayed Manhattan Beach from having a pier completed until 1920.[2][3] Engineer A.L. Harris developed the concept of the circular end for less exposure and damage to the pilings by the waves.[2] The pier was completed and dedicated on July 5, 1920.[2][5] The next version built was a cement pier with a rounded end and it was {{convert|928|ft|m}} long.[3] Octagonal house that now holds a lunch restaurant was completed in 1922.[3] In 1928, a {{convert|200|ft|m|adj=on}} wooden extension was added but it was destroyed in a storm in 1940.[3] In 1991 the pier was restored to its 1920s appearance with a dedication ceremony in 1992.[3] In 1928 the pier was extended out 200 feet (at no cost to the city) when a Captain Larsen of Redondo Beach offered to pay for an extension in exchange for the rights to run a shoreboat between the pier and his barge Georgina.[2] On January 9, 1940, {{convert|90|ft|m}} of the extension was ripped away during a winter storm. The extension was never repaired and the remaining section was swept away in February 1941.[2] In 1946 the pier and adjoining beach were deeded over from the city of Manhattan Beach to the state.[2] During the next four decades the pier would remain a focus of beachfront activity, but Mother Nature and old age took their toll and by the 1980s the pier was in sad shape and in need of renovation.[2] Restoration took place in the early 1990s with a focus on retention of the old time appearance, much like Pier 7 in San Francisco.[2] The original pier had to be fixed as old age and decay required extensive repair, and in fact made it unsafe by the late 1980s (when a jogger was injured by falling concrete).[2] In 1995, the pier was declared a state historic landmark.[6][33] It is the oldest standing concrete pier on the West Coast.[7][8] It is managed by the County of Los Angeles, Department of Beaches and Harbors.[2] Correction: The Pier is managed by the City of Manhattan Beach Public Works AttractionsRoundhouse Marine Studies Lab and AquariumThe Roundhouse Marine Studies Lab and Aquarium is located at the end of the pier, and is free to the public. The Aquarium includes a shark tank, tide pool touch tank with animals common to Southern California, tanks with lobsters, and baby sharks as well as brightly colored, non-native fish and invertebrates.[5] During the summer, the aquarium is open from 2PM to 5PM on weekdays and 10AM to sunset on weekends. During the rest of the year, it is open from 2 p.m. to 8 p.m. on weekdays and 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. on weekends.[5] In January 2018, the aquarium was closed and construction began on a major renovation project. The sealife was relocated to a temporary structure near the entrance to the pier during the renovations.[9] The aquarium reopened on November 5, 2018 with an all-new interior. [10] The octagonal building includes a Spanish tile roof and large gooseneck reflectors to improve lighting.[2] FishingAccording to Pierfishing.com the sandy beach area yields the normal surf species; barred surfperch, croakers, small rays and guitarfish (shovelnose shark). The pier is especially known for its magnificent barred surfperch fishing. At times, anglers catch hundreds of them within an hour of time, using mainly small jigs and sandcrabs. The area around the pilings yields pileperch, walleye surfperch, silver surfperch, and other common pier species. Mid-pier, casting away from the pier, yields small tom cod (white croaker) and herring (queenfish), jacksmelt, yellowfin croaker and an occasional halibut. Action at the end of the pier is improved by the surrounding artificial reef which is located about {{convert|65|ft|m}} from the end. Fish at the deepest water end include bonito, Pacific mackerel, jack mackerel, barracuda, an occasional white seabass or even yellowtail, and reef visitors like kelp bass, sand bass and sculpin (scorpionfish).[2] The resident species in Santa Monica Bay may be dangerous to eat, but those that migrate in and out of the bay are considered safe to eat.[2] A variety of baits are utilized. SurfingThe pier played a significant role in the history of surfing. The pier was a popular spot for Southern California surfers in the 1940s, the early days of modern surfing. Dale Velzy, the first commercial surfboard shaper, started his business building and repairing boards under the pier before renting a nearby storefront in 1949, starting what is considered the first surf shop.[11] In filmIt is used in
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=City of Manhattan Beach|url=http://www.ci.manhattan-beach.ca.us/index.aspx?page=464|publisher=City of Manhattan Beach|location=Manhattan Beach, California|accessdate=June 30, 2011}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 {{cite web|url=http://www.pierfishing.com/pier_of_the_month/manhatten.html|title=Fishing Manhattan Beach Pier|accessdate=June 30, 2011|publisher=Ken Jones|location=California}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web|url=http://www.history90266.org/HistoryMB.htm|title=History|publisher=Manhattan Beach Historical Society|accessdate=June 30, 2011}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://home.earthlink.net/~streets.of.redondo.beach/StreetList.html|title=Historic Streets of Redondo Beach|date=January 3, 2008|accessdate=June 30, 2011}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|url=http://www.beachcalifornia.com/manhatt.html|title=Manhattan Beach Pier|accessdate=June 30, 2011|publisher=BeachCalifornia.com}} 6. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://ohp.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=21427 |title=California Historic Landmarks – Los Angeles County|publisher=Office of Historical Preservation, California State Parks|accessdate=October 8, 2012}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|title=Manhattan Beach Historical Society|url=http://www.manhattanbeachhistorical.org/history|accessdate=June 30, 2011|publisher=Manhattan Beach Historical Society}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.manhattanbeachhistorical.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=7&Itemid=8|publisher=Manhattan Beach Historical Society|title=Pier|accessdate=June 30, 2011}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Roundhouse Aquarium Beautification Project|url=http://roundhouseaquarium.org/beautificationproject/|accessdate=June 23, 2018|publisher=Roundhouse Aquarium}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Renovated Roundhouse Aquarium Opens in Manhattan Beach|url= http://www.dailybreeze.com/renovated-roundhouse-aquarium-opens-in-manhattan-beach|accessdate=November 10, 2018|publisher=Daily Breeze}} 11. ^{{cite book |title= The Surfboard |last=Marcus |first=Ben |authorlink= |author2= |year= 2007|publisher= MBI Publishing Company |location= |isbn=1616731176 |pages= 100–102 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=VZGIh09NjEUC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate=April 12, 2013}} External links{{Commons category|Manhattan Beach Pier}}
4 : Landmarks in Los Angeles|Parks in Los Angeles County, California|Piers in Los Angeles County, California|Manhattan Beach, California |
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