| 词条 | Manuel Vázquez Portal |
| 释义 |
| name = Manuel Vázquez Portal | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = 1951 | birth_place = Morón, Ciego de Ávila province, Cuba | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = Cuban | other_names = | alma_mater = Villa Clara University | known_for = 2003 imprisonment | occupation = journalist | spouse = Yolanda Huerga | awards =CPJ International Press Freedom Award (2003) }}Manuel Vázquez Portal (born 1951 in Morón, Ciego de Ávila province, Cuba) is a Cuban poet, writer and journalist known for his 2003 imprisonment.[1] BackgroundVázquez Portal received a degree in philology from Villa Clara University.[1] Prior to his imprisonment, he worked a variety of jobs, including teaching high school, reporting for state-owned media, and advising at the Ministry of Culture.[3] During his tenure with government media, Vázquez Portal received three official prizes, but in 1995, he was expelled by the National Union of Writers and Artists of Cuba (UNEAC) for expressing dissident opinions. In the same year, he co-founded the independent Cuba Press.[1] He founded another independent news agency, Grupo de Trabajo Decoro, in 1998, working there for the following five years. Among his articles were various criticisms of the national economy and electoral system.[3] Vázquez Portal is married to Yolanda Huerga,[6] with whom he has a son, Gabriel.[2] IncarcerationIn March 2003, the Cuban government launched a general crackdown (later called the "Black Spring") on dissidents, including a number of journalists. Seventy-five people were ultimately arrested, including Vázquez Portal.[3] On 4 April 2004, he was sentenced to 18 years in prison for "endangering Cuba's independence" through his articles and his meetings with US officials.[1] Vázquez Portal's imprisonment was condemned by several human rights organizations, including Amnesty International, which designated him a prisoner of conscience,[4] and Reporters Without Borders.[1] In late 2003, the Committee to Protect Journalists awarded him its International Press Freedom Award, which recognizes journalists who show courage in defending press freedom despite facing attacks, threats, or imprisonment.[5] Vázquez Portal was unable to attend the ceremony due to his imprisonment.[6] During his incarceration, Vázquez Portal kept a makeshift diary on sheets of blank paper brought by his family. In June 2003, his wife Huerga smuggled the diary from the prison and shared photocopies with the Associated Press. The diary told of poor conditions, including miserable food, constant mosquitoes and flies, and rat infestations in the cells.[7] Huerga also helped found the Ladies in White, a protest group composed of the wives of imprisoned dissidents.[2][16] In August 2003, Vázquez Portal reportedly joined several other prisoners in a hunger strike, following which the group was split up and transferred to different prisons.[4] He began to suffer from pulmonary emphysema[1] and was released for medical reasons in June 2004.[3] He subsequently emigrated to the US with his family, settling in Miami, Florida, where Huerga continued to be active in anti-Castro protests.[8][9] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://ar.rsf.org/print.php3?id_article=10839 |deadurl=no |archivedate=1 October 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6B5hTJWuy?url=http://ar.rsf.org/print.php3?id_article=10839 |title=Journalist Manuel Vázquez Portal released |publisher=Reporters Without Borders |accessdate=1 October 2012 |df= }} 2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-92281371.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414075830/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-92281371.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=14 April 2016 |title=The struggle to defend political prisoners in Cuba |author=Yolanda Huerga Cedeno |date=18 March 2004 |work=International Herald Tribune |publisher= {{Subscription required|via=HighBeam Research}}|accessdate=30 September 2012}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-95848638.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307214128/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-95848638.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=7 March 2016 |title=Sixth of 75 Cuban Dissidents Released |author=Andrea Rodriguez |date=25 June 2004 |publisher=Associated Press {{Subscription required|via=HighBeam Research}}|accessdate=30 September 2012}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr25/005/2004/en/ |title=Cuba: One year too many: prisoners of conscience from the March 2003 crackdown |date=16 March 2004 |publisher=Amnesty International |accessdate=30 September 2012 |df= }} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://cpj.org/awards/2003/vazquez.php |title=Awards 2003 - Vazquez Portal |publisher=The Committee to Protect Journalists |accessdate=1 October 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6B5hD5XJO?url=http://cpj.org/awards/2003/vazquez.php |archivedate=1 October 2012 |df= }} 6. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-110474944 |title=Honored reporter locked up in Cuba; 4 others to receive press awards |author=Hazel Feigenblatt |date=November 21, 2003 |work=The Washington Times |publisher= |via=Questia Online Library |url-access=subscription|accessdate=30 September 2012}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-74450995.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415233256/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-74450995.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=April 15, 2016 |title=Journal Offers Look Inside Cuban Prison |author=Andrea Rodriguez |date=June 24, 2003 |publisher=Associated Press {{Subscription required|via=HighBeam Research}}|accessdate=30 September 2012}} 8. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-245115629.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118030926/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-245115629.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=18 November 2018 |title=Cuba's Ladies in White revel in international spotlight |author=Tracey Easton |date=1 April 2010 |publisher=Cuba News {{Subscription required|via=HighBeam Research}}|accessdate=30 September 2012}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-111242203.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064737/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-111242203.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=4 March 2016 |title=Freed Cuban dissident detained again briefly |date=20 July 2005 |publisher=Associated Press {{Subscription required|via=HighBeam Research}}|accessdate=30 September 2012}} External links
10 : 1951 births|Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Cuba|Cuban dissidents|Cuban journalists|Male journalists|Cuban poets|Male poets|Cuban male writers|Living people|Cuban prisoners and detainees |
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