| 释义 |
- Meteorological synopsis
- Confirmed tornadoes March 21 March 22
- Non-tornadic effects
- See also
- References
- Notes
- External links
{{Infobox storm
| name = March 1952 Southern United States tornado outbreak
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| type = Tornado outbreak
| active = March 21–22, 1952
| lowest pressure =
| lowest temperature =
| tornadoes = 34
| fujitascale = F4
| tornado duration = ~25 hours
| highest winds =
| hail =
| gusts =
| maximum snow =
| power outages =
| total fatalities = 209 fatalities, ≥1,212 injuries
| damages = $19.5 million (1952 USD)
| affected = Central & Southern United States
| current advisories =
| enhanced =
| notes =
}}The March 1952 Southern United States tornado outbreak was the ninth deadliest tornado outbreak in the history of the United States.[1][2] Affecting the American South, it produced 209 deaths, 50 of which were related to a single tornado in Arkansas. The outbreak produced 11 violent F4 tornadoes across the Southern United States, which is the fourth-largest number of F4–F5 events produced by a single outbreak.[2][3] Only the 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak, the 1974 Super Outbreak, and the 2011 Super Outbreak surpassed this number. The severe weather event resulted in the fourth-largest number of tornado fatalities within a 24-hour period since 1950.[2][4] The weather system associated with the outbreak also produced several inches of snow across the central and northern Great Plains and the upper Midwest. Blizzard conditions affected Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota.[5] Meteorological synopsisOutbreak death toll| State | Total | County | County
total |
|---|
| Alabama | 4 | Morgan | 4 | | Arkansas | 112 | Cross | 4 | | Howard | 7 | | Lonoke | 11 | | Mississippi | 2 | | Poinsett | 3 | | Prairie | 6 | | White | 50 | | Woodruff | 29 | | Missouri | 17 | Pemiscot | 17 | | Mississippi | 9 | Marshall | 9 | | Tennessee | 67 | Carroll | 1 | | Chester | 23 | | Dyer | 16 | | Fayette | 7 | | Gibson | 2 | | Hardeman | 4 | | Henderson | 11 | | Hickman | 3 | | Totals | 209 | | | All deaths were tornado-related | |
On March 21, 1952, a significant surface low progressed across Oklahoma and Arkansas. Southerly winds transported dewpoints in excess of 64°F across portions of Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee. Strong upper level wind speeds moved eastward and intersected the warm, moist air mass.[6] {{clear}}Confirmed tornadoes{{Tornado Chart | Total = 34| FU = 2| F0 = 0| F1 = 2| F2 = 6| F3 = 11| F4 = 11| F5 = 0}}{{clear}}March 21| F# | Location | County | Time (UTC) | Path length | Damage |
|---|
| Arkansas | | cat4}} | F4 | W of Center Point to SE of Umpire | Howard | 2040 | 13 miles
(20.8 km) | 7 deaths – The funnel struck the edge of Dierks, destroying 22 homes, most of which were frail.[7] | | cat3}} | F3 | SW of Paron to E of Ferndale | Saline | 2200 | 17.7 miles
(28.3 km) | The tornado was reportedly produced by the same storm that hit Dierks.[5] Near Paron, a church, a home, and barns were destroyed. Homes also lost roofs.[7] | | cat4}} | F4 | SE of Searcy to W of Russell | White | 2250 | 14.6 miles
(23.4 km) | 50 deaths – Reportedly produced by the same supercell that struck Dierks.[5] 30 people alone were confirmed dead in Judsonia. The tornado passed through the business district of Judsonia. In the town, 385 homes were destroyed and 560 exhibited damage. The tornado killed 10 people in the eastern portions of Bald Knob, and nine fatalities were reported in rural locales. A person also died near Russell.[7] The tornado became the fourth deadliest in the U.S. state of Arkansas.[8] | | cat2}} | F2 | S of Mayflower | Faulkner | 2300 | Unknown | Small homes were demolished near Mayflower. Three homes were damaged and three were destroyed near Saltillo.[7] | | cat4}} | F4 | Wattensaw area | Lonoke | 2300 | 7.6 miles
(12.2 km) | 2 deaths – A tornado hit near Wattensaw, killing two people. The tornado may have continued on to Georgetown and Hickory Ridge, for a total path length of {{convert>65|mi|km|abbr=on}}.[9] | | cat3}} | F3 | SW of Allport to SW of Hazen | Lonoke | 2300 | 16.2 miles
(25.9 km) | 9 deaths – Nine people were killed near the town of England. 40 homes were destroyed, most of which were poorly constructed. The path may have been continuous—{{convert>70|mi|km|abbr=on}} long—with those of the Tollville and Cotton Plant tornadoes.[9] | | cat2}} | F2 | Hickory Plains to NE of Jasmine | Prairie | 2320 | 13.3 miles
(21.3 km) | 5 deaths – Two deaths occurred at Hickory Plains.[9] | | unknown}}| F? | W of Tollville | Prairie | 2320 | Unknown | 1 death – This tornado occurred south of Hazen.[9] 15 homes were destroyed and 27 received damage.[5] One source cites two fatalities.[9] | | cat3}} | F3 | Georgetown to McCrory | Woodruff | 2330 | 17.6 miles
(28.2 km) | The village of Georgetown was nearly completely destroyed.[5] | | cat4}} | F4 | Cotton Plant to Hillemann | Woodruff | 2330 | 13.1 miles
(21 km) | 29 deaths – All deaths occurred at Cotton Plant. The northwestern portion of the town was devastated[9] and received F4 damage. Portions of Hillemann also sustained extensive damage.[5] The funnel likely dissipated after striking Hillemann.[9] | | cat3}} | F3 | SW of Blackville to W of Cash | Jackson, Poinsett, Craighead | 2340 | 28.5 miles
(45.6 km) | Seven homes were destroyed and eight received damage in Jackson County.[5] The tornado produced a skipping damage swath, passing near Lake City.[9] | | cat4}} | F4 | Hickory Ridge | Cross | 0000 | Unknown | 4 deaths – All deaths occurred in the town of Hickory Ridge. 30 homes were destroyed and 86 were damaged.[9] | | cat3}} | F3 | Fisher to Trumann | Poinsett, Mississippi | 0045 | Unknown | 3 deaths – In Fisher, where one person may have died, 21 homes were damaged or destroyed. Additionally, there were two deaths north of Harrisburg. In Trumann, 24 buildings were damaged or destroyed. The third death also occurred at Trumann.[9] | | cat3}} | F3 | S of Marked Tree to E of Lepanto | Poinsett | 0045 | 9.4 miles
(15 km) | 1 death – A small home was destroyed and 22 other homes were damaged.[9] | | cat3}} | F3 | Trumann to Blytheville | Mississippi | 0100 | 39.7 miles
(63.5 km) | 1 fatality – One person died near Milligan Ridge. This tornado dissipated in the Blytheville area, but may have redeveloped into a new tornado near Yarbro.[9] | | Tennessee | | cat4}} | F4 | S of Lapata | Dyer | 0000 | 4.7 miles
(7.5 km) | 2 deaths – 12 homes were demolished near Bonicord, while five others were destroyed near RoEllen. Rating disputed, ranked F3 by Grazulis.[9] | | cat3}} | F3 | SE of Dyersburg to E of Newbern | Dyer | 0230 | 18.1 miles
(29 km) | 10 deaths – The worst damage affected the community of Unionville.[5] The damage path extended through the eastern section of Dyersburg. At the Dyersburg airport, the tornado destroyed a hangar, numerous planes, and a new administration building.[5] Nine rather than 10 people may have died.[9] | | cat4}} | F4 | S of Owl Hoot | Dyer | 0230 | 2 miles
(3.2 km) | 4 deaths – Four people died near Owl Hoot. One resource states that at least eight deaths were attributable to the tornado. This event may have represented a continuation of the path of the Cooter, Missouri, F4 tornado.[9] | | cat2}} | F2 | Medina | Gibson | 0445 | Unknown | | cat3}} | F3 | SE of Milan | Carroll | 0450 | Unknown | This tornado passed through the Milan Arsenal, damaging 30 buildings and 59 vehicles. Barracks were also damaged. Damage estimates reached $500,000 (1952 USD).[9] | | cat2}} | F2 | W of Leach | Carroll | 0500 | Unknown | 1 death – 12 homes were destroyed south of Huntingdon.[9] | | cat1}} | F1 | Carthage | Smith | 0515[9] | 0.3 miles
(0.5 km) | A large building was unroofed and destroyed in the downtown region of Carthage. According to one publication, the tornado attained F2 intensity.[9] | | cat3}} | F3 | S of Hollow Rock to NE of Bruceton | Carroll | 0517 | 5.1 miles
(8.2 km) | The business district of Bruceton was destroyed,[5] and three homes were demolished.[9] | | cat4}} | F4 | NE of Bolivar to W of Darden | Hardeman, Chester, Henderson | 0530 | 46.8 miles
(74.9 km) | 38 deaths – This tornado descended in Hardeman County. It touched down northeast (possibly southwest) of Bolivar and moved northeast to the Darden area.[9] Four fatalities occurred in the northern section of Bolivar, where 14 homes were demolished. In Henderson, 120 homes were destroyed and 260 received damage in the northern half of the town. 23 people died in Henderson. The remaining 11 fatalities were reported from north of Jacks Creek to the vicinity of Darden.[9] The total path length may have been {{convert>65|mi|km|abbr=on}}. | | cat2}} | F2 | SE of Only | Humphreys | 0555 | 0.3 miles
(0.5 km) | Three farm houses were unroofed and barns were demolished. The tornado affected the Squeeze Bottom area,[9] which was situated near Buffalo. | | Missouri | | cat4}} | F4 | E of Holland | Pemiscot | 0200 | 6.5 miles
(10.4 km) | 17 fatalities – Farms and tenant homes were devastated in the vicinity of Cooter. One source indicates that this tornado began in Arkansas, traversed the Mississippi River, and entered Tennessee, causing eight additional fatalities in Tennessee (25 deaths total).[9] The parent supercell thunderstorm was accompanied by hail. 70 homes were destroyed and 130 received damage.[5] | | Mississippi | | unknown}}| F? | N of Madison | Madison | 0230 | 0.1 miles
(0.16 km) | A brief tornado was observed. One person was injured.[10] | | cat4}} | F4 | E of Byhalia to SE of Pattersonville, Tennessee | Marshall, Fayette (TN) | 0400 | 29.6 miles
(47.4 km) | 16 deaths – This tornado may have merged with a second, undocumented tornado upon touching down.[5] 22 homes were destroyed in Mississippi, while 16 were destroyed in Tennessee. The majority of the deaths were documented in Mississippi. The tornado passed northwest of Moscow in Tennessee.[9] It was formerly classified at F5 intensity, but an extensive study did not ascertain F5 damage. A concrete block building was destroyed, but the integrity of the construction was unknown. The Storm Prediction Center officially reduced the intensity to F4 status.[11] One publication lists seventeen fatalities.[9] | | Sources: NCDC Storm Events Database, SPC Storm Data, Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991: Chronology and Analysis of Events by Thomas P. Grazulis | |
{{clear}}March 22| F# | Location | County | Time (UTC) | Path length | Damage |
|---|
| Kentucky | | cat3}} | F3 | S of Hodgenville | LaRue | 0605 | 2.7 miles
(4.3 km) | Nine cottage buildings and the county fairgrounds were destroyed. 12 homes were unroofed, and approximately 40 received minor damage. Two children were thrown several hundred yards by the tornado, but survived with minor injuries.[9] | | Tennessee | | cat2}} | F2 | SE of Spot | Hickman | 0620 | 0.5 miles
(0.8 km) | 3 deaths – Seven homes were destroyed and two were damaged. 11 families were impacted.[5] | | cat1}} | F1 | Carthage area | Smith | 1715 | 0.3 miles
(0.48 km) | Account of damage is unknown. One person was injured.[12] | | Alabama | | cat4}} | F4 | W of Falkville to S of Huntsville | Morgan | 2100 | 21.6 miles
(34.6 km) | 4 deaths – The tornado developed near Massey and moved northeast, traveling west of Falkville. Thirty-five homes were destroyed, and some structures received F4 destruction. The funnel also passed through the Redstone Arsenal.[9] | | Sources: NCDC Storm Events Database, SPC Storm Data, Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991: Chronology and Analysis of Events by Thomas P. Grazulis | |
{{clear}}Non-tornadic effectsA significant blizzard affected the Great Plains. In Kansas, {{convert|15|in|cm|sigfig=2|}} of snow were recorded. On March 22, Charles City, Iowa, documented {{convert|11.6|in|cm|sigfig=2|}}, which was the town's greatest 24-hour snowfall record at the time. Minnesota reported {{convert|17|in|cm|sigfig=2|}}, while Bergland, Michigan, reported {{convert|2|ft|cm|sigfig=3|}} of snowfall. Heavy snow and strong winds disrupted highways and road traffic. Flash floods also affected Sumner and Clay counties, Tennessee.[5] {{clear}}See also- List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
References- {{Cite book|author=Grazulis, Thomas P.|year=1993|title=Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events|publisher=Environmental Films|isbn=1-879362-03-1}}
Notes1. ^Grazulis, p. 38
2. ^1 2 {{Cite web|author=National Climatic Data Center|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwEvent~Storms|title=NCDC Storm Events Database|accessdate=2009-05-22}}
3. ^Grazulis, p. 37
4. ^{{Cite web|author=Evans, Jeffry S.|year=2008|url=http://www.spc.noaa.gov/publications/evans/sup-tues.pdf|title=Forecasting the Super Tuesday Tornado Outbreak at the SPC|publisher=American Meteorological Society|accessdate=2009-05-21}}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 U.S. Department of Commerce (1952). Climatological Data: National Summary (March 1952). U.S. Weather Bureau.
6. ^{{Cite web|author=Finch, Jonathan D |url=http://bangladeshtornadoes.org/UScases50to59.html |title=Historical Tornado Cases for North America: 1950-1959 |accessdate=2009-05-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722100606/http://bangladeshtornadoes.org/UScases50to59.html |archivedate=2011-07-22 |df= }}
7. ^1 2 3 Grazulis, p. 962
8. ^{{Cite web|author=The Tornado Project |url=http://www.tornadoproject.com/alltorns/worstts.htm |title=The United States' Worst Tornadoes |accessdate=2009-05-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6fh9gLEFL?url=http://www.tornadoproject.com/alltorns/worstts.htm |archivedate=2016-03-02 |df= }}
9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Grazulis, p. 963
10. ^U.S. Department of Commerce (1952). Climatological Data: National Summary (March 1952). U.S. Weather Bureau.
11. ^{{cite journal|last=Gordon |first=John D. |author2=Bobby Boyd |author3=Mark A. Rose |author4=Jason B. Wright |title=The Forgotten F5: The Lawrence County Supercell During the Middle Tennessee Tornado Outbreak of 16 April 1998 |journal=National Weather Digest |year=2000 |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=3–10 |url=http://www.nwas.org/digest/papers/2000/Vol24No4/Pg3-Gordon.pdf |publisher=National Weather Association |quote=The authors sent a detailed letter to the SPC recommending the two tornadoes from 1974, and the 1952 tornado mentioned above, be downgraded to F4. The SPC agreed to all three of these changes. The SPC database now reflects the conclusions of Professor Fujita's map of 1974, and Grazulis 1952 tornado report (1993). ... The authors suggested that the three former F5 tornadoes in Tennessee should be reclassified as F4. These changes have been adopted, making the 16 April 1998 Lawrence County tornado the only documented F5 in the history of Tennessee. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121218004427/http://www.nwas.org/digest/papers/2000/Vol24No4/Pg3-Gordon.pdf |archivedate=18 December 2012 |df= }}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=10126267|title=Storm Events Database – Event Details – National Centers for Environmental Information|first=|last=NCEI|website=www.ncdc.noaa.gov}}
External links- Judsonia tornado damage photographs
{{DEFAULTSORT:1952-03-21 Southern United States Tornado Outbreak}} 10 : F4 tornadoes by date|F4 tornadoes by location|Tornadoes of 1952|Tornadoes in Alabama|Tornadoes in Arkansas|Tornadoes in Mississippi|Tornadoes in Missouri|Tornadoes in Tennessee|1952 natural disasters in the United States|March 1952 events |