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词条 March 1990 Central United States tornado outbreak
释义

  1. Overview

  2. Confirmed tornadoes

     March 11 event  March 12 event  March 13 event 

  3. The Hesston and Goessel tornado family

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. External links

{{Infobox storm
| name = March 1990 Central United States tornado outbreak
| image = Map of tornadoes in the March 1990 tornado outbreak.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Map of confirmed tornadoes in the outbreak
| type = Tornado outbreak
| active = March 11–13, 1990
| lowest pressure =
| lowest temperature =
| tornadoes = 64 confirmed
| fujitascale = F5
| tornado duration = 2 days, 5 hours
| highest winds =
| hail =
| gusts =
| maximum snow =
| power outages =
| total fatalities = 2 fatalities, 89 injuries
| damages = $543.408 million
| affected = Midwestern United States, United States Great Plains
| current advisories =
| enhanced =
| notes =
}}

The March 1990 Central United States tornado outbreak affected portions of the United States Great Plains and Midwest regions from Iowa to Texas from March 11 to March 13, 1990. The outbreak produced at least 64 tornadoes across the region, including four violent tornadoes; two tornadoes, which touched down north and west of Wichita, Kansas, were both rated F5, including the tornado that struck Hesston. In Nebraska, several strong tornadoes touched down across the southern and central portion of the state, including an F4 that traveled for {{convert|131|mi|km|}}. Two people were killed in the outbreak, one apiece by the two F5s in Kansas.

Overview

The Central United States tornado outbreak of March 13, 1990, was one of the most violent outbreaks ever documented in March (second only to the Palm Sunday tornado outbreak of 1920 in terms of violent tornadoes and the March 2006 Tornado Outbreak Sequence in terms of the total number of tornadoes reported). Numerous tornadoes touched down across Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Iowa. Two tornadic thunderstorms with exceptional life spans/tornado families were observed, one of which produced an F4 tornado in eastern Nebraska that was on the ground for over {{convert|100|mi|km|}}. The other produced an extensive tornado family in southern Kansas that included two F5 tornadoes. The first of these struck the town of Hesston, Kansas, and was one of the most photographed and documented violent tornadoes in history.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}

Confirmed tornadoes

{{Tornado Chart
| Total= 64
| F0= 12
| F1= 25
| F2= 13
| F3= 10
| F4= 2
| F5= 2
}}

(based on NOAA Storm Data)

{{clear}}

March 11 event

F#LocationCountyTime (UTC)Path lengthDamage
Kansas
storm}} | F0N of PlevnaReno23000.1|mi|m|}}
cat1}} | F1Alder to S of GeneseoRice231514|mi|km|}}
Sources: NOAA Storm Data Tornado History Project - Storm Data, March 11, 1990

March 12 event

F#LocationCountyTime (UTC)Path lengthDamage
Iowa
storm}} | F0NW of SawyerLee04400.2|mi|km|}}
Kansas
cat1}} | F1SE of TopekaShawnee, Douglas05495|mi|km|}}
cat1}} | F1W of McClouthJefferson06103|mi|km|}}
Sources: NOAA Storm Data Tornado History Project - Storm Data - March 12, 1990

March 13 event

F#LocationCountyTime (UTC)Path lengthDamage
Kansas
cat1}} | F1NW of JetmoreHodgeman08361|mi|km|}}
cat5}} | F5Castleton to HesstonReno, Harvey, McPherson223448|mi|km|}}1 death - See section on this tornado
cat1}} | F1E of ThornburgSmith224813|mi|km|}}
cat1}} | F1NE of EsbonJewell23001.5|mi|km|}}
cat5}} | F5Goessel to NE of HillsboroHarvey, McPherson, Marion233022.0|mi|km|}}1 death - See section on this tornado
storm}} | F0SW of PortlandSumner00040.1|mi|m|}}
storm}} | F0N of Conway SpringsSumner00120.1|mi|m|}}
cat2}} | F2W of Pilsen to NW of VollandMarion, Morris, Geary, Wabaunsee001555|mi|km|}}Tornado damaged many farms and destroyed four homes on the southern side of Dwight. Tornado was spawned by the same supercell that produced the Hesston and Goessel tornadoes.
cat1}} | F1SW of WebberJewell00205|mi|km|}}
cat1}} | F1S of DanvilleHarper003512|mi|km|}}
cat1}} | F1E of RandallJewell, Cloud, Republic004513|mi|km|}}
cat3}} | F3W of MoundridgeReno, Harvey, McPherson005518|mi|km|}}A farm and three homes were destroyed. Caused $275,000 in damage.
cat2}} | F2W of BellevilleRepublic010015|mi|km|}}Several farmhouses sustained extensive damage.
storm}} | F0S of BellevilleRepublic01160.5|mi|km|}}
storm}} | F0SalinaSaline01500.2|mi|m|}}
cat1}} | F1E of WamegoPottawatomie02032|mi|km|}}
storm}} | F0S of ConcordiaCloud02400.2|mi|m|}}
cat1}} | F1S of ChetopaLabette06452|mi|km|}}
Iowa
cat1}} | F1N of Stiles to SE of FlorisDavis213214|mi|km|}}
storm}} | F0Bettendorf areaScott22310.3|mi|m|}}
storm}} | F0E of LeClaireScott22420.2|mi|m|}}
cat3}} | F3E of LeClaire to SE of Albany, ILScott, Rock Island (IL), Whiteside (IL)224515.5|mi|km|}}Multiple-vortex tornado caused major damage in the Cordova and Port Byron areas. 12 homes were heavily damaged or destroyed, and 26 others sustained lesser damage. One man broke his leg when he was blown off of a scaffold at Cordova Nuclear Plant.
cat4}} | F4Prairieburg to WorthingtonLinn, Jones, Delaware, Dubuque225319|mi|km|}}In Worthington, 39 homes and businesses were damaged or destroyed. 13 farms were destroyed as well. Tornado was a half-mile wide at times.
cat1}} | F1NE of LeClaireScott, Clinton224213|mi|km|}}
cat1}} | F1Monticello areaJones23086|mi|km|}}
cat1}} | F1NE of CrescentPottawattamie22428|mi|km|}}
cat1}} | F1S of Holy CrossDubuque23553|mi|km|}}
storm}} | F0NE of OrtonvilleDallas01200.1|mi|m|}}
cat2}} | F2Ogden to E of StanhopeBoone, Hamilton012522|mi|km|}}Tornado killed livestock and destroyed several outbuildings. Caused $616,000 in damage.
cat1}} | F1E of RidgeportBoone01351|mi|km|}}
cat2}} | F2Ankeny to S of MaxwellPolk, Story015515|mi|km|}}Rain-wrapped tornado severely damaged 20 homes in Ankeny, with 16 others sustaining lesser damage. A condominium lost part of its roof, which was thrown onto I-35, resulting in a major car accident. At least a dozen other cars were blown off of the interstate by the tornado. Caused $2,000,000 in damage and injured 15 people.
cat3}} | F3E of FernaldStory02369|mi|km|}}A tractor-trailer was lifted and thrown into a ditch, injuring the driver. Multiple buildings were damaged or destroyed at a farm as well. Rated F2 by Grazulis.
Oklahoma
cat2}} | F2NW of Bradley to E of NormanGrady, McClain, Cleveland224428|mi|km|}}Two mobile homes were destroyed and frame homes were damaged near the beginning of the path. The tornado crossed into McClain County and destroyed eight additional mobile homes before clipping the north side of Washington, destroying a trailer and the second story of a house. The tornado then struck Noble before dissipating. In Noble, multiple homes sustained roof and structural damage, and an apartment building lost part of its roof. Tractor-trailers and a mobile home were overturned. The high school lost its press box, scoreboard, and several light poles. One person was injured.
cat3}} | F3SE of Hawley to NE of WakitaGrant231519|mi|km|}}One house sustained major damage and another lost its roof.
cat2}} | F2W of Criner to W of SlaughtervilleMcClain, Cleveland233118|mi|km|}}Trailers and outbuildings were damaged and many trees were uprooted. Rated F1 by Grazulis.
cat1}} | F1NE of NormanCleveland23535|mi|km|}}
cat3}} | F3NE of Wakita to SW of Mayfield, KSGrant, Sumner (KS)235422|mi|km|}}Caused tree damage in Oklahoma before crossing into Kansas, where five homes were damaged.
cat2}} | F2SW of Stella to SE of JacktownCleveland, Pottawatomie, Lincoln235919|mi|km|}}At the beginning of the path, a mobile home was destroyed in Stella, resulting in a serious injury. A barn was destroyed, a house was unroofed, and three trailers were damaged elsewhere along the path. A mobile home was destroyed near Meeker before the tornado dissipated.
cat1}} | F1W of Waurika to SW of LocoJefferson, Stephens000121|mi|km|}}
cat3}} | F3SW of Loco to NW of AlpersJefferson, Stephens, Carter, Garvin005822|mi|km|}}Tornado caused major damage in and around Ratliff City. Five mobile homes were destroyed and a motor home was rolled 100 feet. A five-ton crane was blown over, several vehicles were damaged, and debris was found up to a mile away. Caused $750,000 in damage and injured one person.
cat2}} | F2NE of Tatums to NE of Paul's ValleyGarvin015028|mi|km|}}In Pauls Valley, a farm implement company had its roof torn off, and a civic club building lost part of its roof. Barns were destroyed outside of town as well.
cat2}} | F2NE of EdnaCreek, Okmulgee02109|mi|km|}}Several barns were destroyed and 14 power poles were snapped. Caused $75,000 in damage.
Nebraska
cat1}} | F1NW of SheltonBuffalo22451|mi|km|}}
cat3}} | F3NW of Minden to S of CairoKearney, Buffalo, Hall230032|mi|km|}}Numerous outbuildings were destroyed, trees were uprooted, and a county bridge was destroyed. Five farmsteads were heavily damaged as well.
cat4}} | F4S of Red Cloud to E of SchuylerWebster, Nuckolls, Clay, Fillmore, York, Seward, Butler, Colfax2305131|mi|km|}}This was either an extremely long-tracked tornado or a tornado family. Near Red Cloud, a farmhouse was completely "wiped out". The tornado moved into Nuckolls County and struck Lawrence, where 8 homes were destroyed and 45 others were damaged. Crossing into Clay County, the tornado struck Sutton, where one business was destroyed and 11 others were damaged. 49 homes in Sutton were damaged, and a truck and a police car were flipped. 20 farms were damaged in rural areas nearby. The tornado downed trees and power lines in Fillmore County before crossing into York County. A farmhouse was destroyed near McCool Junction. South of York, the tornado destroyed another farmhouse, heavily damaged a gas station and convenience store, tore the roof off of a motel, and destroyed two trucks. A dozen farms were damaged in York County, and about 10,000 geese were killed. 57 railroad cars were derailed near Waco before the tornado crossed into Seward County, where trees and power lines were damaged. The tornado then crossed into Butler County and passed near David City, impacting numerous farmsteads. 35 homes and 155 other structures were damaged or destroyed near David City, and about 1,200 livestock were killed or injured. The tornado then moved into Colfax County, damaging four farms near Schuyler before dissipating. A total of nine people were injured.
cat2}} | F2E of SacramentoKearney23208|mi|km|}}Several farms sustained extensive damage with livestock killed, and outbuildings and irrigation pivots destroyed.
cat2}} | F2S of Wood RiverAdams, Hall23259|mi|km|}}Two farms were hit, with a farmhouse sustaining extensive damage at one of them. Outbuildings, grain bins, and two barns were destroyed.
storm}} | F0N of KearneyBuffalo23350.1|mi|m|}}
cat3}} | F3N of Alda to NW of ArcherHall, Howard, Merrick234427|mi|km|}}Five mobile homes were destroyed, and other homes sustained minor damage. 15 train cars were derailed near an Army Ordinance Plant, and 47 others were derailed near Grand Island. Several farms were damaged, some extensively with loss of cattle.
cat2}} | F2W of FullertonMerrick, Nance002313|mi|km|}}Ten farms were damaged, with farmhouses damaged at four of them.
cat1}} | F1NE of BooneBoone00251.5|mi|km|}}
cat1}} | F1SE of FullertonNance00302|mi|km|}}
cat1}} | F1Newman Grove areaMadison00450.2|mi|m|}}
cat1}} | F1SE of Battle CreekMadison01300.6|mi|km|}}
cat3}} | F3N of Carleton to SE of ExeterThayer, Fillmore014525|mi|km|}}A large hog facility and outbuildings were destroyed. A mobile home was destroyed as well. Rated F2 by Grazulis
cat3}} | F3NE of ChesterThayer014513|mi|km|}}Tornado clipped Chester, where trees, outbuildings and propane tanks were damaged. Several farmsteads were damaged outside of town as well. Rated F2 by Grazulis.
cat1}} | F1N of BancroftThurston04011.5|mi|km|}}
Texas
storm}} | F0NE of LuskThrockmorton23300.2|mi|m|}}
Missouri
cat2}} | F2SE of Pleasant HopePolk03302|mi|km|}}Five homes and 16 barns were damaged.
Sources: NOAA Storm Data Tornado History Project Storm Data - March 13, 1990[1]

The Hesston and Goessel tornado family

The tornadoes that struck Hesston and Goessel were both spawned by the same supercell thunderstorm. They were part of what is known as a tornado family; a family that included several additional touchdowns after the Goessel storm dissipated.[2]

The first tornado of the Hesston storm touched down at approximately 4:34 p.m. CDT just to the northeast of Pretty Prairie. It was initially between 200 and 500 yards in diameter, and caused minimal (F1-F2) damage as it churned between Castleton and the Cheney Reservoir. Photographic evidence suggests significant widening as the tornado approached Haven and the Arkansas River. The damage path ranged between 1/2 and 3/4 miles near Haven, and several homes were completely demolished indicating F4 damage. Had the tornado moved through a more populated area in this stage of its life, it is likely that it would have caused much more dramatic damage. Fairly constant F3 damage was produced from Haven to Burrton and to the Little Arkansas River. The path width remained over {{convert|0.5|mi|km|}} in diameter.

Northeast of the Little Arkansas, the track abruptly decreased in width from {{convert|0.5|mi|km|}} to just over {{convert|300|yd|m|}}. Photographs suggest what appears to be a re-organization of the tornadic circulation; initially a wedge like appearance, the funnel quickly became tall and narrow. The most significant damage was done in this stage, however. The tornado plowed into the town of Hesston, just northwest of Newton on I-135. A total of 226 homes and 21 businesses were destroyed, and several were swept completely from their foundations with only slabs and empty basements remaining. Several industrial buildings were obliterated, and vehicles were thrown and stripped down to their frames. Portions of the damage path in Hesston were rated F5. 20 farms were torn apart in rural areas outside of town. Light debris from Hesston was found {{convert|115|mi|km|}} away in Nebraska. One person died and 59 people were injured.

The series of events that occurred as the tornado moved past the Hesston area were most interesting. Eyewitness accounts observed the touchdown of an additional tornado just to the north. This is consistent with models of what is known as a "tornado handoff", in which an old mesocyclone and tornado occlude as a new mesocyclone and tornado further downwind becomes dominant.[3] Over the course of a few miles, the new tornado intensified and the original one abruptly constricted and apparently became a satellite tornado to the new tornado. Eventually, the Hesston tornado (after traveling nearly {{convert|48|mi|km|}}) occluded and merged with the new tornado, and the supercell began to re-intensify. The new tornado rapidly became very large, and violent damage was produced by the second tornado in Marion County. Several homes were again completely obliterated and swept away and one additional fatality was reported. The tornado produced very severe cycloidal ground scouring in farm fields, and damage near the town of Goessel was "extreme F5" according to NWS damage surveyors. The severity of the damage left behind by this tornado led some meteorologists to believe that the Goessel tornado was among the strongest ever documented at that time. The storm passed Goessel and then dissipated approximately {{convert|22|mi|km|}} from its genesis.[4][5]

See also

  • List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks

References

1. ^{{cite book|author=Thomas P. Grazulis|title=Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991|date=July 1993|publisher=The Tornado Project of Environmental Films|location=St. Johnsbury, Vermont|isbn=1-879362-03-1}}
2. ^{{cite journal|author=Jonathan M. Davies|authorlink=Jonathan M. Davies|author2=C. A. Doswell |author3=D. W. Burgess |author4=J. F. Weaver |title=Some Noteworthy Aspects of the Hesston, Kansas, Tornado Family of 13 March 1990|journal=Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.|volume=75|issue=6|pages=1007–1017|year=1994|url= |doi=10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<1007:SNAOTH>2.0.CO;2|bibcode = 1994BAMS...75.1007D }}
3. ^{{cite book |last=Marshall |first=Tim |authorlink=Timothy P. Marshall |others=David Hoadley (illust.) |title=Storm Talk |year=1995 |location=Texas }}
4. ^{{cite book|author=Thomas P. Grazulis|title=Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991|date=July 1993|publisher=The Tornado Project of Environmental Films|location=St. Johnsbury, Vermont|isbn=1-879362-03-1}}
5. ^{{cite news|author=Michael Smith|date=April 20, 1990|title=Kansas twister might be the strongest ever recorded|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1906&dat=19900410&id=b_4fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Bv8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=5148,4487056|newspaper=Fort Scott Tribune|location=unknown|publisher=Fort Scott Tribune|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}
  • NOAA Storm Data
  • {{cite web |title = Information on the 1990 Hesston Tornado |publisher = National Weather Service Wichita KS |year = 2000 |url = http://www.crh.noaa.gov/ict/?n=hesston |accessdate = 2013-05-25 }}
  • {{cite book |last = Inglish |first = Howard |title = Year of the Storms: The Destructive Kansas Weather of 1990 |publisher = Hearth Pub |year = 1990 |location = Hillsboro, KS |isbn = }}

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20120216111338/http://www.newtonarc.net/weather/hesston.html "Monster on the Prairie, Hesston, Kansas 1990"]
  • [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vgbzKF_pSXo Video of the tornado]
{{1990 tornado outbreaks}}

8 : F5 tornadoes|Tornadoes of 1990|Tornadoes in Iowa|Tornadoes in Kansas|Tornadoes in Nebraska|Tornadoes in Oklahoma|1990 natural disasters in the United States|March 1990 events
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