| 词条 | Marianne Stokes | ||||
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = | honorific_suffix = | image = Marianne Stokes00.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = Marianne Preindlsberger | birth_date =1855 | birth_place = Graz, Styria, Austria | death_date = August 1927 | death_place = London, England | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | nationality = | education = | alma_mater = | known_for = Painting | notable_works = | style = | movement = | spouse = Adrian Scott Stokes (m. 1884) | awards = | elected = | patrons = | memorials = | website = | module = }}Marianne Stokes (1855–1927), born Marianne Preindlsberger, was an Austrian painter. She settled in England after her marriage to Adrian Scott Stokes (1854–1935), the landscape painter, whom she had met in Pont-Aven. Stokes was considered one of the leading women artists in Victorian England.[1] BiographyPreindlsberger was born in Graz, Styria. She first studied in Munich under Lindenschmidt and having been awarded a scholarship for her first picture, Muttergluck, she worked in France under Pascal Adolphe Jean Dagnan-Bouveret (1852–1929), Colin and Gustave Courtois (1853–1923). She painted in the countryside and Paris, and, as with many other young painters, fell under the spell of the rustic naturalist Jules Bastien-Lepage. Her style continued to show his influence even when her subject matter changed from rustic to medieval romantic and biblical themes.While in France she met the Finnish painter Helene Schjerfbeck, in whose company she visited Pont-Aven in 1883. [2][3]Her first salon painting, Reflection, which had been painted in Brittany, was exhibited in 1885 at the Royal Academy. Her work was also shown at the Grosvenor Gallery, New Gallery, and the Society of British Artists and in 1885, a year after her marriage, she took to using the name 'Mrs. Adrian Stokes'.[4] Together with her husband, she spent the summers of 1885 and 1886 at Skagen in the far north of Denmark where there was an artists' colony which became known as the Skagen Painters. There the couple struck up a close friendship with Michael and Anna Ancher.[5] In summer 1885 they also visited Ireland.[6] Stokes exhibited her work at the Palace of Fine Arts at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois.[7] She held a joint exhibition with her husband at the Fine Art Society in 1900.[8] The Stokeses lived in St Ives where Marianne Stokes was a member of the Newlyn School. Having no children, they regularly travelled abroad, frequently to the Tyrol, and in 1905 to Hungary and the High Tatra. Here they spent about half a year sketching and painting in the villages of Važec, Mengusovce and Ždiar. Adrian Stokes concentrated on landscapes, with images of hay-harvesting and picturesque cottages, while Marianne Stokes painted portraits showing the fine detail of the garments. These paintings provide a valuable record of the Slovak culture. After abandoning oils, and inspired by the Pre-Raphaelite movement, she painted flat compositions in tempera and gesso, her paintings giving the impression of being frescoes on plaster surfaces. She was an Associate of the Royal Society of Painters in Water Colours.. Stokes was included in the 2018 exhibit Women in Paris 1850-1900.[9] Marianne Stokes died during 1927. Adrian Stokes died during 1935. Both were buried at Mortlake Roman Catholic Cemetery, London. [10] Selected paintingsReferences1. ^Page for Marianne Stokes at the Penzance Museum and Gallery, PenleeHouse.org 2. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20060519123707/http://www.victorianartinbritain.co.uk/biog/stokes.htm Victorian Art in Britain] 3. ^{{cite web|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060519123707/http:/www.victorianartinbritain.co.uk/biog/stokes.htm |title= Marianne Stokes, nee Preindlsberger 1855-1927|publisher= The Magazine of Art 1895 |author= Helene L Postlethwaite |accessdate=April 1, 2019}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://androom.home.xs4all.nl/biography/p012348.htm |title= Stokes, Marianne|publisher= Androom|date= 27 Nov 2018|accessdate=April 1, 2019}} 5. ^Magdalen Evans, "Stokes, (Charles) Adrian Scott", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 27 October 2013. 6. ^{{cite journal|first=Mary Stratton|last=Ryan|title=A nation fed by hook and thread|journal=Decies|volume=70|year=2014|pages=27–34}} 7. ^{{cite web |last1=Nichols |first1=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893| url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt9d.html#stokes|accessdate=30 July 2018}} 8. ^ArtMagick {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801170151/http://www.artmagick.com/pictures/artist.aspx?artist=marianne-stokes |date=1 August 2008 }} 9. ^{{cite book |last1=Madeline |first1=Laurence |title=Women artists in Paris, 1850-1900 |date=2017 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300223934}} 10. ^{{cite web|url= http://londoncemeteries.co.uk/2002/04/04/mortlake-roman-catholic-cemetery/ |title= Mortlake Roman Catholic Cemetery |publisher= londoncemeteries.co.uk|author= Sue Bailey|accessdate=April 1, 2019}} Bibliography
External links{{Commons category|Marianne Stokes}}
10 : 1855 births|1927 deaths|People from Graz|Austrian women painters|Skagen Painters|St Ives artists|Newlyn School of Artists|19th-century women artists|20th-century Austrian painters|20th-century women artists |
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