| 词条 | Maria (wife of Ivan Vladislav) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| consort = yes | name =Maria | image = | succession = Empress consort of Bulgaria | reign = | coronation = | spouse = Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria | spouse-type = Spouse | issue = Catherine of Bulgaria | house = | father = | mother = | birth_date = Unknown | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = Unknown }}Maria (Bulgarian: Мария) was the last empress consort (tsaritsa) of the First Bulgarian Empire. She was the wife of Tsar Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria LifeIt is believed that Maria was married to Ivan Vladislav in the late 10th century. Her husband was the son of Aron, who was the brother of Emperor Samuel (Samuil) of Bulgaria. In 987 Samuel ordered his brother Aron executed for treason together with his entire family. The massacre was survived only by Ivan Vladislav, who was saved through the intercession of his cousin, Samuel's son Gabriel Radomir. Tsar Samuil died in 1014 and the Bulgarian throne was inherited by his son Gavril Radomir. In 1015 Ivan Vladislav avenged the deaths of his innocent siblings by murdering his savior Gavrail Radomir, while the latter was hunting near Ostrovo (Arnissa), and seized the Bulgarian throne. Maria's husband followed the determined policy of his predecessors to resist the ongoing Byzantine conquest over Bulgaria, but he was killed before the walls of Dyrrhachium in the winter of 1018. After his death the widowed empress Maria and much of the Bulgarian nobility and court submitted to the advancing Basil II and negotiated guarantees for the preservation of their lives, status, and property.[1] Maria together with her children were sent to Constantinople, where she adopted the name Zoe and was granted the title zostē patrikia (lady-in-waiting to the Empress) in 1019.[2] Her family was integrated into the Byzantine court and inter-married with some of the most prominent Byzantine noble families. In 1029 Maria together with her son Presian entered a conspiracy against emperor Romanos III Argyros. The plot was discovered, Presian was blinded and Maria was exiled to a monastery in Asia Minor.[3] OriginsNo primary source mentions the ancestry of Maria, but Christian Settipani has noted the possibility that she may be the daughter of Tsar Boris II of Bulgaria and a Byzantine noblewoman.[4] Boris II was the eldest surviving son of Tsar Peter I of Bulgaria and Maria (renamed Eirene) Lekapena, a granddaughter of Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos of Byzantium. Boris resided in Constantinople twice, initially as a hostage and then as a royal captive of Emperor John I Tzimiskes, when the emperor divested Boris II of his royal title and compensated him with the rank of a Byzantine magistros. During his sojourn in Constantinople Boris II had a relationship with an unknown woman by whom he left several children. Settipani believes that one of these children may have been Maria since:
Settipani notes that the various indications given above support the hypothesis, in the absence of any primary sources that could offer greater certainty, that she may have been a daughter of Tsar Boris II and therefore also a granddaughter of Maria Lekapena of Byzantium.[6] FamilyMaria and Ivan Vladislav had several children, including:[2]
AncestorsIssue[8]
Sources
1. ^Norwich 1992, p. 262. {{S-start}}{{S-bef|before=Irene of Larissa}}{{S-ttl|title=Empress consort of Bulgaria|years=1015–1018}}{{S-aft|after=...}}{{End}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Maria, Wife Of Ivan Vladislav}}2. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/BULGARIA.htm#IvanVladislavdied1018B|title=BULGARIA|website=fmg.ac|access-date=2016-05-09}} 3. ^Cheynet 1996, pp. 41-42. 4. ^Settipani 2006, pp.282-283. 5. ^Settipani 2006, p. 282-283. 6. ^1 2 3 Settipani 2006, p. 283. 7. ^Settipani 2006, p. 282, note 2; as cited by N. Adontz. 8. ^Златарски, История. Приложение 19 9 : Bulgarian consorts|10th-century births|11th-century deaths|10th-century Bulgarian people|11th-century Bulgarian people|10th-century Bulgarian women|11th-century Bulgarian women|Cometopuli dynasty|Basil II |
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