| 词条 | Marina District, San Francisco |
| 释义 |
|name=Marina District |official_name= |other_name= |native_name= |nickname=The Marina |settlement_type=Neighborhood of San Francisco |total_type= |motto= |image_skyline=Palaceofarts.jpg |imagesize=250px |image_caption=The Palace of Fine Arts, a replica of the one built for the Panama–Pacific International Exposition, is a landmark of the Marina District. |image_flag= |flag_size= |image_sea= |seal_size= |image_shield= |shield_size= |image_blank_emblem= |blank_emblem_type= |blank_emblem_size= |image_map= |mapsize= |map_caption= |pushpin_map=United States San Francisco Central |pushpin_label_position=right |pushpin_map_caption=Location within Central San Francisco |subdivision_type=Country |subdivision_name={{USA}} |subdivision_type1=State |subdivision_name1={{flag|California}} |subdivision_type2=City-county |subdivision_name2=San Francisco |leader_title=Board of Supervisors |leader_name=Mark Farrell |leader_title1=State Assembly |leader_name1=Tom Ammiano (D) |leader_title2= State Senate |leader_name2=Mark Leno (D) |leader_title3=U.S. House |leader_name3={{Representative|cacd|12|fmt=usleader}}[1] |established_title= |established_date= |area_magnitude= |unit_pref= |area_footnotes=[2] |area_total_sq_mi=0.778 |area_land_sq_mi=0.778 |area_water_sq_mi= |area_water_percent= |elevation_footnotes= |elevation_m= |elevation_ft= |elevation_max_m= |elevation_max_ft= |elevation_min_m= |elevation_min_ft= |population_as_of=2008 |population_footnotes=[2] |population_note= |population_total=12071 |population_density_sq_mi=15511 |timezone= |utc_offset= |timezone_DST= |utc_offset_DST= |coordinates = {{coord|37.803|-122.436|display=inline}} |postal_code_type=ZIP Code |postal_code=94123 |area_code_type=Area codes |area_code=415/628 |footnotes=[2] }} The Marina District is a neighborhood located in San Francisco, California. The neighborhood sits on the site of the 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition, staged after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake to celebrate the reemergence of the city. Aside from the Palace of Fine Arts (POFA), all other buildings were demolished to make the current neighborhood. The Marina currently has the highest non-Hispanic white resident percentage of any recognized neighborhood in San Francisco. LocationThe area is bounded to the east by Van Ness Avenue and Fort Mason; on the west by Lyon Street and the Presidio National Park; on the south by Cow Hollow and Lombard St, which bisects the southern edge of the Marina District.{{clarify|date=June 2011}} The northern half of the Marina is a shoreline of the San Francisco Bay, and features the Marina Green, a picturesque park adjacent to the municipal boat marina from which the neighborhood takes its name. Much of the Marina is built on former landfill,[4][5] and is susceptible to soil liquefaction during strong earthquakes. This phenomenon caused extensive damage to the entire neighborhood during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. HistoryThe area in the 19th century prior to the 1906 earthquake consisted of bay shallows, tidal pools, sand dunes, and marshland similar to nearby Crissy Field. Human habitation and development came in the mid to late 19th century in the form of a sandwall{{elucidate|date=June 2011}} and of a road from the nearby Presidio to Fort Mason. Most of the sand dunes were leveled out and a hodgepodge of wharves and industrial plants was built extending from what is now Laguna Street to Steiner Street. However, all of this was destroyed in the 1906 earthquake. During reconstruction of the city after the 1906 earthquake, the area was chosen as the site of the Panama–Pacific International Exposition. Although rubble from the earthquake was used as part of the land reclamation, most of the landfill came from dredging mud and sand from the bottom of the Bay. After the end of the exposition in 1915, the land was sold to private developers, who tore down nearly all of the fair's attractions and developed the area into a residential neighborhood. This major redevelopment was completed in the 1920s. In the 1930s, with the completion of the nearby Golden Gate Bridge, Lombard Street (now Highway 101) was widened, and soon developed into a strip of roadside motels. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake caused severe liquefaction of the fill upon which the neighborhood is built, causing major damage including a small firestorm. Firefighters resorted to pumping water directly from the Bay, to replace water unavailable from broken water mains. The neighborhood was quickly rebuilt. Physically, the neighborhood appears to have changed very little since its construction in the 1920s. AttractionsThe neighborhood is most famous for the Palace of Fine Arts, which until 2013 housed the Exploratorium, a renowned hands-on science museum and children's educational center, and which takes up much of the western section of the neighborhood. The Palace is the only building left standing in its original location within the 1915 Exposition fairgrounds. The grounds around the Palace are a popular year-round attraction for tourists and locals, and are a favorite location for weddings and wedding party photographs for couples. Chestnut Street is another main attraction for locals and travelers from around the world. Stretching from Fillmore Street down to Divisadero, Chestnut is lined with a collection of stores to shop, as well as restaurants, bakeries, coffee shops and bars to visit. The neighborhood is also noted for its demographics, which since the 1980s have shifted from mostly middle-class families and pensioners, to professionals in their twenties and thirties. These now make up more than half of the population, although a small, affluent older population remains.[2][6] San Francisco's Academy of Art University has a campus housing building at the Southern edge of the neighborhood on Lombard Street.[7] Government and infrastructureThe San Francisco Police Department Northern Station serves the Marina District.[8] {{wide image|Panorama_Marina_District_San_Francisco.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|The Marina District from the Marina Green and the municipal Marina.}}EducationIt is in the San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD) and is within the Sherman Elementary School attendance area.[9] {{Asof|2018}} Sherman has about 20 teachers.[10] See also{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area}}
References1. ^{{Cite GovTrack|CA|12}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=94123 Zip Code Detailed Profile|url=http://www.city-data.com/zips/94123.html|work=City-Data.com|publisher=Advameg, Inc.|accessdate=2011-06-15}} 3. ^ 4. ^Liquefaction Susceptibility Map – click to Location 5. ^Liquefaction Hazard Map {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715112459/http://gis.abag.ca.gov/website/LiquefactionCGS/index.html |date=2013-07-15 }} – click to Location 6. ^{{cite web|title=San Francisco: The Marina|url=http://www.sfgate.com/neighborhoods/sf/marina/|work=SF Gate|publisher=Hearst Communications Inc.|accessdate=2011-06-15}} 7. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.academyart.edu/content/dam/assets/pdf/campus_map.pdf |title = Academy of Art University Campus Map |date = |accessdate = 23 November 2016 |website = academyart.edu |publisher = Academy of Art University|last = |first = }} 8. ^"Northern Station." ([https://archive.is/20130901143221/http://sf-police.org/index.aspx?page=825 Archive]) San Francisco Police Department. Retrieved on September 1, 2013. 9. ^"Final Recommendations for Elementary Attendance Areas Prepared for September 28, 2010 Board Meeting." San Francisco Unified School District. Retrieved on April 18, 2018. 10. ^"Sherman Webster Elementary School." San Francisco Unified School District. Retrieved on April 18, 2018. External links{{Commons category|Marina District, San Francisco|Marina District}}
4 : Neighborhoods in San Francisco|World's fair sites in California|Panama–Pacific International Exposition|Populated coastal places in California |
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