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词条 Legislative council
释义

  1. History

  2. List of legislative councils

     Extant  National  Sub-national  Defunct  National  Sub-national 

  3. United States

  4. See also

  5. References

{{refimprove|date=January 2014}}{{Use Hong Kong English|date=December 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}

A legislative council is the legislature, or one of the legislative chambers, of a nation, colony, or subnational division such as a province or state; or, in the United States, a council within a legislature which supervises nonpartisan legislative support staff. A member of a legislative council is commonly referred to as an MLC.

History

In the British Empire, the authority under which legislative councils have been constituted has varied: some under the prerogative, others by act of parliament, and some by commission and royal instructions.[1] Many are or were the upper house in a bicameral legislature and many had members who were appointed, not elected.

List of legislative councils

Extant

National

CountryBodyTypeEstablishedNotes
Brunei Darussalam}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral1959Suspended in 1984, reconvened in 2004
Hong Kong}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral1843Established under the British Hong Kong era; Provisional Legislative Council 1997–98
Macau}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral1976 Established under the Portuguese Macau era
Isle of Man}}Legislative CouncilUpper House
Palestine}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral1996
Saint Helena}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral

Sub-national

In India, the Vidhan Parishad is another name for the Legislative Council in those states with bicameral legislatures.

CountryRegionBodyTypeEstablishedNotes
Australia}}New South WalesLegislative CouncilUpper House1824Unicameral until 1856
Australia}}South AustraliaLegislative CouncilUpper House1840Unicameral until 1857
Australia}}TasmaniaLegislative CouncilUpper House1825Unicameral until 1856
Australia}}VictoriaLegislative CouncilUpper House1851Unicameral until 1856
Australia}}Western AustraliaLegislative CouncilUpper House1832Unicameral until 1890
India}}Andhra PradeshLegislative CouncilUpper House1958Abolished between 1985 and 2007
India}}BiharLegislative CouncilUpper House1912Unicameral until 1919
India}}Jammu and KashmirLegislative CouncilUpper House1957
India}}KarnatakaLegislative CouncilUpper House1956
India}}MaharashtraLegislative CouncilUpper House1960
India}}TelanganaLegislative CouncilUpper House2014
India}}Uttar PradeshLegislative CouncilUpper House1935
Venezuela}}ZuliaLegislative CouncilUnicameral1864

Defunct

National

CountryBodyTypeEstablishedDisestablishedNotes
Antigua and Barbuda|colonial}}Legislative CouncilUnicameralEstablished under instructions to the governor
Bahamas|colonial}}Legislative CouncilUnicameralEstablished under instructions to the governor
Barbados|1885}}Legislative CouncilUnicameralEstablished under instructions to the governor
Bechuanaland Protectorate}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral19611965
Bermuda|colonial}}Legislative CouncilUnicameralEstablished under instructions to the governor
British Columbia|1906}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral18671871
British Guiana}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral19281961Established by an act of parliament; abolished between 1953 and 1954.
British Honduras|colonial}}Legislative CouncilUnicameralEstablished under instructions to the governor
British Virgin Islands}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral2007
Burma|1937}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral18971936
Ceylon|colonial}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral18331931Established under the prerogative
Cyprus|colonial}}Legislative CouncilUnicameralEstablished under the prerogative
Dominica|1955}}Legislative CouncilUnicameralEstablished by an act of parliament
Falkland Islands}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral18452009Established under the British Settlements Act, 1843
Fiji}}Legislative CouncilUnicameralEstablished under the prerogative
Gambia|colonial}}Legislative CouncilUnicameralEstablished under the British Settlements Act, 1843
Gibraltar|colonial}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral19501969
Gold Coast}}Legislative CouncilUnicameralEstablished under the British Settlements Act, 1843
India}}Imperial Legislative CouncilBicameral18611947Unicameral until 1920
Jamaica|1957}}Legislative Council
Kenya|colonial}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral19071963Established under the British Settlements Act, 1843
United Kingdom}} Lower CanadaLegislative CouncilUpper House17911841
Malaya|colonial}}Federal Legislative CouncilUnicameral19481957
Malta|1943}}Legislative CouncilUnicameralEstablished under the prerogative
Mandatory Palestine}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral19221923
Mauritius|1923}}Legislative CouncilUnicameralEstablished under the prerogative
Montserrat}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral2011Established under instructions to the governor
Newfoundland|colonial}}Legislative CouncilUpper House18331934
New Zealand}}Legislative CouncilUpper House18411950Unicameral until 1853
Nigeria|colonial}}Legislative CouncilUnicameralEstablished under the prerogative
Northern Rhodesia}}Legislative CouncilUnicameralEstablished under the Foreign Jurisdiction Act, 1843
Nyasaland}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral1907Established under the Foreign Jurisdiction Act, 1843
Papua New GuineaLegislative CouncilUnicameral19511963
Portugal}} Portuguese GuineaLegislative CouncilUnicameral19631972Became the Legislative Assembly
Portugal}} Portuguese West AfricaLegislative CouncilUnicameral19221972Abolished between 1926 and 1955
United Kingdom}} Province of CanadaLegislative CouncilUpper House18411867
Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla|name=St Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla}}Legislative CouncilUnicameralEstablished under instructions to the governor
Saint Lucia|1939|name=St Lucia}}Legislative CouncilUnicameralEstablished under the prerogative
Saint Vincent|colonial|name=St Vincent}}Legislative CouncilUnicameralEstablished by an act of parliament
Seychelles|1903}}Legislative CouncilUnicameralEstablished under the prerogative
Sierra LeoneLegislative CouncilUnicameralEstablished under the British Settlements Act, 1843
Solomon Islands|1956}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral19601970
Southern Rhodesia|colonial}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral18981923Established under the prerogative
Straits Settlements}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral1866Established by an act of parliament
Singapore|colonial}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral19461953
Trinidad and Tobago|colonial}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral19251961Established under the prerogative
Tanganyika|colonial}}Legislative CouncilUnicameralEstablished under the Foreign Jurisdiction Act, 1843
Turks and Caicos Islands}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral2006
Uganda|colonial}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral19201962Established under the Foreign Jurisdiction Act, 1843
United Kingdom}} Upper CanadaLegislative CouncilUpper House17911841
Zaire}}Legislative CouncilUnicameral19721990

Sub-national

CountryRegionBodyTypeEstablishedDisestablishedNotes
Australia}}QueenslandLegislative CouncilUpper House18601922
Canada|1868}}ManitobaLegislative CouncilUpper House18701876
Canada|1868}}New BrunswickLegislative CouncilUpper House17851891
Canada|1921}}Nova ScotiaLegislative CouncilUpper House18381928
Canada|1868}}Prince Edward IslandLegislative CouncilUpper House17731893
Canada}}QuebecLegislative CouncilUpper House18671968
India}}AssamLegislative CouncilUpper House19351969
India}}BombayLegislative CouncilUpper House18611960Unicameral until 1935
India}}CochinLegislative CouncilUnicameral19251949
India}}Madhya PradeshLegislative CouncilUpper House19561969
India}}PunjabLegislative CouncilUpper House19561969
India}}Tamil NaduLegislative CouncilUpper House19561986
India}}West BengalLegislative CouncilUpper House19351969
United States}}DelawareLegislative CouncilUpper House17761792
United States}}Florida TerritoryLegislative CouncilBicameral
United States}}New JerseyLegislative CouncilUpper House17761844
United States}}South CarolinaLegislative CouncilUpper House17761778

United States

In American English, the term "legislative council" has acquired a slightly different meaning since the 1930s. It refers to a joint committee with members from both houses of the state legislature, which supervises a staff of attorneys, accountants, and researchers charged with providing strictly nonpartisan support services to the legislature or to particular committees.[2] The concept of the legislative council was first developed in Kansas and was implemented by the Kansas Legislature in 1933.[2] Eventually, a majority of U.S. states adopted legislative councils, but under a variety of names.[2] Kansas still uses a legislative council, although it was converted into the Kansas Legislative Coordinating Council in 1971. Legislative councils operating under that name exist in the states of Arkansas, Arizona, Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Texas, and Wisconsin. Several states use the term "commission" for the same thing, including New Jersey and Nevada.

A few states, like California, have a "legislative counsel", not "council", who is appointed by a vote of the entire legislature and is thus responsible to the body as a whole rather than a "council" within it.

See also

{{portal|Politics}}
  • House of Assembly
  • Legislative assembly
  • University of Colorado Student Government Legislative Council

References

1. ^Wright, Martin. Appendix 9 in "The Development of the Legislative Council 1606-1945", in the series "Studies in Colonial Legislatures" edited by Margery Perham of the Institute of Colonial Studies, Oxford, England (Faber & Faber, 1946)
2. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Teaford|first1=Jon C.|title=The Rise of the States: Evolution of American State Government|date=2002|publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press|location=Baltimore|isbn=9780801868894|pages=153–157|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oosq_O1vDwcC&pg=PA153|accessdate=August 25, 2014}}

2 : Governance of the British Empire|Legislatures
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