| 词条 | Marjah |
| 释义 |
|official_name =Marjah |other_name = |native_name ={{nq|مارجه}} |nickname = |settlement_type = |motto = |image_skyline = File:Marines in poppy fields.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = U.S. Marines on a patrol next to a poppy field in 2010 |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Afghanistan |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Afghanistan |pushpin_mapsize =250 |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Afghanistan |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Helmand Province |subdivision_type2 = District |subdivision_name2 = Nad Ali |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = | parts_type = Occupation | parts_style = para | p1 = Taliban |population_as_of = |population_footnotes = [1][2][3] |population_note = |population_total =80-85,000 (disputed) 125,000 (with surrounding area - also disputed) |timezone = 30 |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|31|31|N|64|07|E|region:AF|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = }} Marjah (also spelled Marjeh; Pashto/{{lang-fa|{{nq|مارجه}}}}) is an agricultural town in southern Afghanistan. It has been reported to have a population between 80,000 and 125,000, but some sources argue that its population is much smaller and is spread across 80 to 125 km², an area larger than Cleveland or Washington, D.C.[5] Another source described Marjah as "a cluster of villages" and "a community of 60,000 persons".[6] The town sits in Nad Ali District of Helmand Province, southwest of the provincial capital Lashkar Gah. Population and economyMarjah is geographically situated in one of Afghanistan's major belts of poppy fields,[7] which are a source of funds for the Taliban.[8] According to one figure, 10% of global illicit opium production in the year 2000 originated from the Marjah/Nad-i-Ali area.[9] During the 1950s and 1960s the United States funded a scheme, run by the Helmand and Arghandab Valley Authority, to irrigate the fields around Marjah (Lashkar Gah/Helmand was nicknamed "Little America"), with many canals remaining to this day.[1][8] In conjunction with this American-led development, which included building and staffing a number of local schools, the Afghan government jump-started a program in 1959 to resettle Pashtun nomads to the area, providing them each with "almost 15 acres of land, two oxen and free seeds", with a focus on growing wheat.[10] ClimateData collected in the 1950s in the Marjah/Chah-i-Anjirs area showed an average rainfall of over one inch per month from December through March, peaking in January at 2.46 inches. The rest of the year experienced little or no precipitation, and besides January, there was actually a consistent net loss of water through evaporation. June, July, and August experienced average high temperatures of over {{convert|100|°F|°C}}, while the average lows in winter bottomed out at just above freezing in December and January.[11] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite news |first=Mark |last=Thompson |title=U.S. Troops Prepare to Test Obama's Afghan War Plan |url=http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1962126,00.html?xid=rss-topstories |publisher=TIME |date=2010-02-09 |accessdate=2010-02-09 |quote=A town of 80,000, Marja...}} {{commonscat|Marjah, Afghanistan}}2. ^{{cite news |first=Tony |last=Perry |title=In Afghanistan, Marines ready attack on Taliban redoubt |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nation-and-world/la-fg-afghanistan-assault4-2010feb04,0,6261652.story |publisher=Los Angeles Times |date=2010-02-03 |accessdate=2010-02-03 |quote=Marja, with a population estimated at 85,000...}} 3. ^{{cite news |first=Miguel |last=Marquez |title=Afghanistan: Marines Gear Up for Biggest Fight Yet |url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/afghanistan-us-marines-face-biggest-fight/story?id=9734858 |publisher=ABC News |date=2010-02-03 |accessdate=2010-02-03 |quote=Marja and the surrounding area, with an estimated population of 125,000...}} 4. ^ 5. ^{{cite news|title=POLITICS: Fiction of Marja as City Was U.S. Information War|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2010/03/politics-fiction-of-marja-as-city-was-us-information-war/|first=Gareth|last=Porter|agency=Inter Press Service|date=8 March 2010|accessdate=9 August 2017}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Suhrke|first1=Astri|title=When More is Less: The International Project in Afghanistan|date=2011|publisher=C. Hurst|location=London|isbn=978-1-84904-164-5|pages=63, 64}} 7. ^{{cite news |first=Rod |last=Nordland |title=Military Officials Say Afghan Fight Is Coming |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/04/world/asia/04taliban.html?hp |publisher=The New York Times |date=2010-02-03 |accessdate=2010-02-03}} 8. ^1 {{cite news |first=Tony |last=Perry |title=Marine assault vehicles key to Afghan strategy |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jan/31/world/la-fg-afghan-marines31-2010jan31 |publisher=Los Angeles Times |date=2010-01-31 |accessdate=2010-02-04}} 9. ^{{cite book |first=Joel |last=Hafvenstein |title=Opium Season: A Year on the Afghan Frontier |publisher=Globe Pequot |year=2007 |isbn=1-59921-131-9 |page=157 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QflBCoDVn30C&pg=PA157&dq=marja+afghanistan&num=100&cd=46#v=onepage&q=marja%20afghanistan&f=false}} 10. ^{{cite news |first=Rajiv |last=Chandrasekaran |title=Marines plan joint mission to eject insurgents from last Helmand stronghold |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/09/AR2010020903511_pf.html |publisher=The Washington Post |date=2010-02-10 |accessdate=2010-02-10}} 11. ^{{cite book |first=Aloys Arthur |last=Michel |title=The Kabul, Kunduz, and Helmand Valleys and the national economy of Afghanistan: a study of regional resources and the comparative advantages of development |publisher=National Academies |year=1959 |pages=142–145 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yk0rAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false}} Further reading
1 : Populated places in Helmand Province |
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