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词条 Mark Kennedy (police officer)
释义

  1. Career

  2. Aftermath

     Investigatory Powers Tribunal trial  Ratcliffe power station trial 

  3. Media

  4. See also

  5. References

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}{{Use British English|date=May 2014}}{{Infobox person
| name = Mark Kennedy
| birth_name = Mark Kennedy
| birth_date = 7 July 1969
| birth_place = Camberwell, South London, England, United Kingdom
| nationality = British
| other_names = Mark Stone
Mark Flash
| occupation = Former Metropolitan Police officer
| known_for = UK undercover policing relationships scandal
}}Mark Kennedy (born 7 July 1969),[1] undercover names Mark Stone and Mark Flash, is a former London Metropolitan Police officer who, whilst attached to the police service's National Public Order Intelligence Unit,[1] (NPOIU) infiltrated many protest groups between 2003 and 2010 before he was unmasked by political activists as an undercover policeman[2] on 21 October 2010[3] and his identity was confirmed by the media outlet three days later.[4]

Career

According to The Guardian newspaper, Kennedy was born in Camberwell, South London, on 7 July 1969, joined the Metropolitan Police around 1994 and served with them until March 2010. He was revealed to be a police infiltrator of protest groups on 21 October 2010.[3]

In January 2011, it was reported that Kennedy was one of the first officers to work as an undercover infiltrator for the National Public Order Intelligence Unit and had spent seven years within the environmental protest movement.[5]

In a Channel 4 interview broadcast on 14 November 2011, Kennedy stated that, in the guise of an environmental activist, he was used by the police forces of 22 countries and was responsible for the closing down of the Youth House community centre in Copenhagen.[6]

Kennedy said he was hired by German police between 2004 and 2009 and allegedly committed two crimes on their behalf, one of which was arson.[6] German MP Andrej Hunko raised questions in the German Bundestag concerning what the German authorities knew about Kennedy's activities amongst the Berlin protest movement. Kennedy had been arrested in Berlin for attempted arson but was never brought to trial. Hunko also asked: "How does the federal government justify the fact that [Mark Kennedy], as part of his operation in Germany, did not only initiate long-term meaningful friendships but also sexual relationships, clearly under false pretenses?" The federal government refused to answer all questions relating to Kennedy.[7]

In February 2010, while still serving as a police officer, he set up Tokra Ltd, a private company at the same address as a security firm that works for the energy company E.ON, the owners of Ratcliffe-on-Soar Power Station. Later in 2010, he set up Black Star High Access Ltd, based in east London.[8]

Aftermath

Kennedy said in an interview with the Mail on Sunday newspaper, arranged through his PR agent Max Clifford,[9] that he suffered a version of "Stockholm syndrome,"[10][14] although he denied becoming an agent provocateur within the movement,[14] adding that he had been incompetently handled by his superiors and denied psychological counselling.[11] According to The Guardian,[12] Kennedy sued the police for ruining his life and failing to "protect" him from falling in love with one of the environmental activists whose movement he infiltrated.

In 2011, eight women who say they were deceived into having long-term intimate relationships by five officers, including Kennedy, who had infiltrated social and environmental justice campaigns, began legal action against the Metropolitan Police and the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO).[13][14] A support group, Police Spies Out Of Lives, has been set up not merely to provide support for these women,[15] they have also called for the Pitchford Undercover Policing Inquiry to investigate "all aspects of the complete disregard shown for human rights"[16] and initiated a petition that it be “transparent, robust and comprehensive”.[17]

Eventually at least 12 women received compensation from the police in the High Court of Justice over similar issues, though the police avoided making internal documents about the relationships public.[23]

Investigatory Powers Tribunal trial

Kate Wilson, one of the women who had sued the police in the high court, started a case in 2018 at the Investigatory Powers Tribunal, alleging the police had infringed her human rights in five ways. In court documents, the police admitted that Kennedy’s line manager and other officers were aware of the sexual relationship, stating "sexual relationship with [Wilson] was carried out with the acquiescence of his cover officers and line manager". Previously the police had suggested such relationships were not officially sanctioned.[18][19]

Ratcliffe power station trial

The case against six activists accused of conspiracy to commit aggravated trespass at Ratcliffe-on-Soar Power Station collapsed following the revelation of Kennedy's activities as an undercover policeman.[20]

Danny Chivers, who was one of the six successful defendants in the case, said Kennedy was not just an observer, but an agent provocateur. "We're not talking about someone sitting at the back of the meeting taking notes - he was in the thick of it."[21]

In a taped conversation obtained by BBC Newsnight and broadcast on 10 January 2011, Kennedy told an activist he was "sorry" and "wanted to make amends". Kennedy admitted he had been a serving police officer at the time of the Ratcliffe arrests, but said he was not one now. He also told the activist "I hate myself so much I betrayed so many people...I owe it to a lot of good people to do something right for a change... I'm really sorry."[22]

Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) barrister Felicity Gerry was forced to withdraw the case against the activists after Kennedy confessed to the set-up,[23] evidence of which the CPS had withheld from the defence. The CPS also withheld the fact that Kennedy was giving testimony under the false name Mark Stone using a false passport supplied by the police. Secret tapes recorded by Kennedy were also withheld by the CPS. The Guardian reported that "Kennedy's tapes were secret evidence that could have exonerated six activists, known as the "deniers" because they claimed not to have agreed to join the protest" and "evidence gathered by the Guardian now suggests it was the Crown Prosecution Service rather than the police that withheld the tapes."[23] CPS lawyer Ian Cunningham faced dismissal after a report by Sir Christopher Rose criticised Cunningham for failing to ask questions about Kennedy’s involvement in the Ratcliffe plot.[24]

Media

Kennedy is one of several now-exposed undercover police profiled in the book The True Story of Britain's Secret Police (2012).[25] A planned television drama series is based on the story of the undercover officers.[26]

The play Any Means Necessary is based on the infiltration of the Ratcliffe-on-Soar power station protest. It was the staged at Nottingham Playhouse in February 2016.{{r|post16}}

See also

  • Covert policing in the United Kingdom
  • Law enforcement in the United Kingdom
  • Bob Lambert

References

1. ^{{cite news | url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/8250346/What-is-the-National-Public-Order-Intelligence-Unit.html | title=What is the National Public Order Intelligence Unit? | work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London | date= 10 January 2011 | first = Nick | last = Collins|accessdate=19 March 2015}}
2. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/jan/09/undercover-office-green-activists |title=Undercover officer spied on green activists |work=The Guardian|location=London |date=10 January 2011 | first1=Rob |last1=Evans |first2=Paul |last2=Lewis|accessdate=19 March 2015}}
3. ^1 https://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2010/10/466477.html
4. ^https://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2010/10/466705.html
5. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/jan/09/undercover-office-green-activists|title=Undercover officer who spied on green activists quits Met|work=The Guardian|date=10 January 2010|location=London|accessdate=19 March 2015|first1=Rob |last1=Evans |first2=Paul |last2=Lewis}}
6. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/nov/13/undercover-policeman-admits-spying-danish-activists |title=Undercover policeman admits spying on Danish activists |work=The Guardian |location=London|date=13 November 2011 |first1=Rob |last1=Evans |first2=Paul|last2=Lewis|accessdate=19 March 2015}}
7. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/10/mp-germany-mark-kennedy-activists | title=MP in Germany says Mark Kennedy 'trespassed' in Berlin activists' lives |first1=Helen |last1=Pidd |first2=Paul |last2=Lewis |work=The Guardian|location=London |date=11 January 2011 | accessdate = 16 March 2014}}
8. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/jan/12/mark-kennedy-policeman-corporate-spy |title=Mark Kennedy: secret policeman's sideline as corporate spy |work=The Guardian|location=London |date=13 January 2011 |first1=Rob |last1=Evans |first2=Amelia |last2=Hill |first3=Paul |last3=Lewis |first4=Patrick |last4=Kingsley |accessdate=19 March 2015}}
9. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/jan/16/spy-mark-kennedy-fear-for-life|title=Spy Mark Kennedy feels remorse and is in 'genuine fear for my life'|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=17 January 2011|accessdate=19 January 2011|first1=Peter|last1=Walker|first2=Rajeev|last2=Syal}}
10. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/jan/11/police-reform-mark-stone-terrorism|title=The state's pedlars of fear must be brought to account|first=Simon|last=Jenkins|authorlink=Simon Jenkins|work=The Guardian|date=11 January 2011|accessdate=11 January 2011|location=London}}
11. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1347478/Mark-Kennedy-Undercover-policeman-tells-story-8-years-eco-warriors.html|title='I'm the victim of smears': Undercover policeman denies bedding a string of women during his eight years with eco-warriors|first=Caroline |last=Graham|work=Daily Mail|date=17 January 2011|accessdate=19 January 2011|location=London}}
12. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/nov/25/spy-mark-kennedy-sues-police |title=Spy Mark Kennedy sues Police |work=The Guardian |date=25 November 2012 |first1=Armelia |last1=Hill|accessdate=19 March 2015|location=London}}
13. ^{{cite news |url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/deceived-lovers-speak-of-mental-torture-from-undercover-detectives-8515915.html | date = 1 March 2013 | accessdate = 17 March 2014 | first = Paul |last = Peachey | work = The Independent|location=London | title = Deceived lovers speak of mental 'torture' from undercover detectives}}
14. ^{{cite news |url = https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/dec/16/lovers-undercover-officers-sue-police | date = 16 December 2011 | accessdate = 19 March 2015 | first1 = Paul |last1 = Lewis |authorlink=Paul Lewis (journalist) | first2 = Rob | last2 = Evans | work = The Guardian|location=London | title = Former lovers of undercover officers sue police over deceit}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=ABout|url=https://policespiesoutoflives.org.uk/home/|website=Police Spies Out of Lives|publisher=Police Spies Out of Lives|accessdate=28 March 2016}}
16. ^{{cite web|last1=Casciani|first1=Dominic|title=Undercover police practices 'could have led to unsafe convictions'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-33555622|website=BBC News|publisher=BBC|accessdate=31 March 2016}}
17. ^{{cite journal|last1=Evans|first1=Rob|last2=Lewis|first2=Paul|title=Judge leading public inquiry into undercover police to speak about the inquiry for the first time|journal=Guardian|date=17 July 2015|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/undercover-with-paul-lewis-and-rob-evans/2015/jul/17/judge-leading-public-inquiry-into-undercover-police-to-speak-for-the-first-time|accessdate=31 March 2016}}
18. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/sep/21/met-bosses-knew-of-relationship-deception-by-police-spy-mark-kennedy |title=Met bosses knew of relationship deception by spy Mark Kennedy |last=Evans |first=Rob |newspaper=The Guardian |date=21 September 2018 |accessdate=21 September 2018}}
19. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-45596432 |title=Police 'aware' undercover officer was in relationship |last=Kelly |first=June |work=BBC News |date=21 September 2018 |accessdate=21 September 2018}}
20. ^{{cite news |title=Mark Kennedy knew of second undercover eco-activist |first1=Paul |last1=Lewis |first2=Rob |last2=Evans |first3=Martin |last3=Wainwright |work=The Guardian|location=London |date=10 January 2011|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/jan/10/mark-kennedy-second-undercover-ecoactivist|accessdate=19 March 2015}}
21. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12148753 |title=Trial collapses after undercover officer switches sides |work=BBC News |date=10 January 2011 |first= Meirion |last=Jones |authorlink=Meirion Jones}}
22. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12158198 |title=Undercover PC Mark Kennedy 'really sorry for betrayal' |work=BBC News|date=11 January 2011}}
23. ^1 {{cite news |url = https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/jun/07/mark-kennedy-police-spy-secret-tapes | date = 7 June 2011 | accessdate = | first1 = Paul |last1 = Lewis | first2 = Rob | last2 = Evans | work = The Guardian|location=London | title = Police spying: secret tapes that put CPS on the spot}}
24. ^{{cite news |url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/8937715/CPS-lawyer-Ian-Cunningham-faces-dismissal-over-failing-in-Mark-Kennedy-undercover-case.html | date = 6 December 2011 | accessdate = 17 March 2014 | first = Mark |last = Hughes | work = The Independent |location=London| title = Deceived lovers speak of mental 'torture' from undercover detectives}}
25. ^{{cite book|title=Undercover: The True Story of Britain's Secret Police |authors=Lewis, Paul & Evans, Rob |date=2013|publisher= Guardian Faber Publishing|edition= Main |asin=B00CNVPERS }}
26. ^{{cite news | title = The Age of Stupid team joins forces with Simon Beaufoy and Tony Garnett for true-life undercover cops TV drama | date = 7 March 2014 | url = http://spannerfilms.net/undercovers | work=Spanner Films|location=London|accessdate = 13 March 2014}}

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4 : Living people|1969 births|Metropolitan Police officers|Undercover police agents
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