| 词条 | Mark Newman |
| 释义 |
|name = Mark Newman |image = |image_size = |caption = |birth_date = |birth_place = British |death_date = |death_place = |residence = United States |nationality = |ethnicity = |field = Physics |work_institutions = University of Michigan Santa Fe Institute |alma_mater = Merton College, Oxford |doctoral_advisor = David Sherrington |doctoral_students = |known_for = |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = |footnotes = |signature = }}Mark Newman is a British physicist and Anatol Rapoport Distinguished University Professor of Physics at the University of Michigan, as well as an external faculty member of the Santa Fe Institute. He is known for his fundamental contributions to the fields of complex networks and complex systems, for which he was awarded the 2014 Lagrange Prize. CareerMark Newman grew up in Bristol, England, where he was a pupil at Bristol Cathedral School, and earned both an undergraduate degree and a PhD in physics from the University of Oxford, before moving to the United States to conduct research first at Cornell University and later at the Santa Fe Institute, a private research institute in northern New Mexico devoted to the study of complex systems. In 2002 Newman moved to the University of Michigan, where he is currently the Anatol Rapoport Distinguished University Professor of Physics and a professor in the university's Center for the Study of Complex Systems. ResearchNewman is known for his research on complex networks, and in particular for work on collaboration patterns of scientists, random graph theory, assortative mixing, community structure, percolation theory, and network epidemiology.[1] He was also co-inventor, with Michael Gastner, of a method for generating density-equalizing maps or cartograms, which forms the foundation for the Worldmapper web site. Their work gained attention following the 2004 US presidential election when it was used as the basis for a widely circulated map of the election results, which adjusted the size of states based on their population to give a more accurate sense of how many voters voted for each party.[2][3] Newman's network-based methods have been applied to a variety of fields, including psychology, sociology, economics and biology. The same basic methods have accurately predicted a wide variety of results, from relationships between organisms in an ecosystem to associations between terrorist organizations.[4] Newman has also studied the risk of forest fires[5] and the social behavior of dolphins in New Zealand,[6] as well as the structure of the scientific community itself.[7] Newman has worked on power-law distributions in complex systems, including in the distribution of wealth, the sizes of cities, and the frequency of words in languages (see Zipf's Law).[8] With collaborators Aaron Clauset and Cosma Shalizi, Newman developed statistical methods for analyzing power-law distributions and applied them to the study of a wide range of systems, in various cases either confirming or denying the existence of previously claimed power-law behaviors.[9] Newman's paper "The structure and function of complex networks"[10] received the most citations of any paper in mathematics between 2001 and 2011.[11] Awards and honorsIn 2007, Newman was elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS).[12] In 2011 and 2012, he received a Faculty Recognition Award and an Excellence in Education Award, both from the University of Michigan. In 2014, he was elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), received the 2014 Lagrange Prize from the ISI Foundation, and was the fifth recipient of the Zachary Karate Club CLUB prize.[13] In 2016, he was elected as a Simons Fellow in Theoretical Physics and received a Guggenheim Fellowship.[14] See also
Selected publicationsBooks
Articles
|pages=404–409|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/98/2/404.full|doi=10.1073/pnas.021544898|pmid=11149952|issue=2|pmc=14598|arxiv=cond-mat/0007214|bibcode=2001PNAS...98..404N}}
|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=89|pages=208701|arxiv=cond-mat/0205405|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.208701|pmid=12443515|issue=20|bibcode=2002PhRvL..89t8701N}}
|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/103/23/8577.full|doi=10.1073/pnas.0601602103|pmid=16723398 |issue=23|pmc=1482622|arxiv=physics/0602124 |bibcode = 2006PNAS..103.8577N}}
References1. ^Mark Newman's home page {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Newman, Mark E. J.}}2. ^{{cite news|last1=Ehrenberg|first1=Rachel|title=Red state, blue state|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/red-state-blue-state|accessdate=8 April 2015|work=Science News|agency=The Society for Science and the Public|date=7 November 2012}} 3. ^{{cite news|title=Fifty shades of purple|url=http://blog.physicsworld.com/2012/11/12/fifty-shades-of-purple/|accessdate=8 April 2015|work=Physics World|agency=Institute of Physics|date=12 November 2012}} 4. ^{{cite news|last1=Rehmeyer|first1=Julie|title=Communities of communities of...|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/communities-communities|accessdate=8 April 2015|work=Science News|agency=The Society for Science and the Public|date=2 June 2008}} 5. ^{{cite news|last1=Ball|first1=Phillip|title=COLD safer than HOT|url=http://www.nature.com/news/1998/020225/full/news020225-3.html|accessdate=8 April 2015|work=Nature News|agency=Nature|date=27 February 2002}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=Circles of Friends|url=http://www.economist.com/node/3242500|accessdate=8 April 2015|work=The Economist|date=30 September 2004}} 7. ^{{cite news|last1=Ball|first1=Phillip|title=Science is all about networking|url=http://www.nature.com/news/1998/010118/full/news010118-2.html|accessdate=8 April 2015|work=Nature News|agency=Nature|date=12 January 2001}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Newman|first1=M.E.J.|title=Power laws, Pareto distributions and Zipf's law|journal=Contemporary Physics|date=29 May 2006|volume=46|pages=323–351|doi=10.1016/j.cities.2012.03.001|arxiv=cond-mat/0412004}} 9. ^{{cite journal|last1=Clauset|first1=Aaron|last2=Shazili|first2=Cosma Rohila|last3=Newman|first3=M. E. J.|title=Power-law distributions in empirical data|journal=SIAM Review|date=2 Feb 2009|volume=51|pages=661–703|doi=10.1137/070710111|arxiv=0706.1062|bibcode = 2009SIAMR..51..661C }} 10. ^{{cite journal|last1=Newman|first1=Mark E. J.|title=The structure and function of complex networks|journal=SIAM Review|date=June 2003|volume=45|issue=2|pages=167–256|doi=10.1137/S003614450342480|url=http://epubs.siam.org/doi/abs/10.1137/S003614450342480|accessdate=8 April 2015|arxiv = cond-mat/0303516 |bibcode = 2003SIAMR..45..167N }} 11. ^{{cite news|title=Top institutions in Mathematics|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/416399.article|accessdate=8 April 2015|work=Times Higher Education|date=2 June 2011}} 12. ^Curriculum vitae, retrieved 2016-07-01. 13. ^Zachary Karate Club CLUB prize, retrieved 2016-07-01. 14. ^Guggenhiem Fellowship, retrieved 2016-07-01. 8 : English physicists|University of Michigan faculty|Alumni of Merton College, Oxford|Complex systems scientists|Year of birth missing (living people)|Living people|English emigrants to the United States|Santa Fe Institute people |
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