| 词条 | Leilani Estates, Hawaii |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Leilani Estates, Hawaii |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = Census-designated place |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Hawaii_County_Hawaii_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Leilani_Estates_Highlighted.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Location in Hawaiʻi County and the state of Hawaii{{clear}}{{OSM Location map | coord = {{coord|19.468|-154.917}} | zoom = 13 | float = right | width = 260 | height = 200 | caption = | title = | scalemark = 10 }} |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map = |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = Hawaii |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Hawaiʻi |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 10.5 |area_land_km2 = 10.5 |area_water_km2 = 0.0 |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2010 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 1560 |population_density_km2 = 149.3 |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |timezone = Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time Zone |utc_offset = -10 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|19|28|25|N|154|55|13|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 235 |elevation_ft = 771 |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = 808 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 15-44562 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 1852580 |website = |footnotes = }} Leilani Estates is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hawaiʻi County, Hawaii, United States located in the District of Puna. The subdivision was formed in 1964.[1] The population was 1,560 at the 2010 census,[2] up from 1,046 at the 2000 census. The three month-long Kilauea Volcano eruption that occurred within and around the subdivision in 2018 claimed many homes and displaced an unknown number of Leilani Estates residents. Accessing the entire resulting solid lava rock flow field has been prohibited, as per the Mayor's 12/6/18 Emergency Proclamation,[3] with fines up to $5,000 for violations. As of January, 2019, in further effort to prevent the private subdivision from becoming a public attraction, the Leilani Community Association began enforcing regulations regarding no parking on private roads, no trespassing on private property, and no tours being conducted in the subdivision. GeographyLeilani Estates is located near the eastern tip of the island of Hawaii.[4] It is {{convert|3|mi|0}} south of Pāhoa and {{convert|23|mi}} south of Hilo. It is bordered to the southeast by the Malama Kī Forest Reserve. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of {{convert|10.45|km2|order=flip}}, all of it land.[2] Leilani Estates is located directly on a stretch of the lower East Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, in lava flow hazard zone 1.[5] Zone 1 includes the summit and rift zones of active volcanoes—new eruptive vents can spawn anywhere inside this zone. Approximately 10% or {{convert|50|sqmi|km2|sigfig=1}} out of the {{convert|500|sqmi|km2|sigfig=1}} of Puna have been covered by lava flows since 1790.[6] 2018 eruption{{Main|2018 lower Puna eruption}}Of the 24 total volcanic fissure vents that formed during the event, 14 erupted lava to varying degrees within Leilani Estates.[7] Fissure 8 on Luana St. was the dominant vent that produced the most output of lava, with fountaining as high as 330 feet [8] and flow front advancement as fast as 76m/hr [9] as it reached the ocean miles below Leilani Estates. By the time the eruption ceased on August 9 of 2018,[10] around 200 homes had been destroyed within the subdivision.[11] DemographicsAs of the census of 2010, there were 1,560 people in 696 households residing in the CDP. The population density was 371.4 people per square mile (144.4/km²). There were 807 housing units at an average density of 192.1 per square mile (74.7/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 63.4% White, 1.4% African American, 1.8% American Indian & Alaska Native, 6.1% Asian, 6.2% Native Hawaiian & Pacific Islander, 1.2% from other races, and 20.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.8% of the population.[12] There were 696 households out of which 18.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them. The average household size was 2.24.[12] In the Leilani Estates CDP the population was spread out with 17.4% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 11.7% from 25 to 34, 17.6% from 35 to 49, 32.9% from 50 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females, there were 113.1 males. For every 100 males there were 88.4 females.[12] The median income for a household in the CDP at the 2000 census was $31,540, and the median income for a family in 2000 was $32,692. Males had a median income of $30,500 versus $22,875 for females in 2000. The per capita income for the CDP in 2000 was $15,522. About 13.7% of families and 21.9% of the population were below the poverty line in 2000, including 16.4% of those under age 18 and 25.5% of those age 65 or over. References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://leilaniestates.org/|title=Chapter "Leilani Estates History" at leilaniestates.org|accessdate=May 31, 2018}} {{Hawaii County, Hawaii}}2. ^1 {{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US1544562| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Leilani Estates CDP, Hawaii| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| work=American Factfinder| accessdate=June 1, 2017}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.hawaiicounty.gov/active-alerts/sixth-supplementary-emergency-proclamation.html|title=County of Hawaii - Civil Defense Alerts and Information - Sixth Supplementary Emergency Proclamation|website=www.hawaiicounty.gov|language=en|access-date=2019-01-10}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}} 5. ^{{cite web|author1=Wright, T.L.|author2=Chun, J.Y.F.|author3=Exposo, Jean|author4=Heliker, Christina|author5=Hodge, Jon|author6=Lockwood, J.P.|author7=Vogt, S.M.|title=Map Showing Lava-Flow Hazard Zones, Island of Hawaii|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1992/2193/|website=USGS Pubs Warehouse|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|accessdate=2017-12-30|date=1992}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov//kilauea/summary/main.html|title=USGS: Volcano Hazards Program HVO Kilauea|first=Volcano Hazards|last=Program|website=hvo.wr.usgs.gov|accessdate=8 May 2018}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://hawaiicountygis.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=3428cd9282ff431c865eb32761793078|title=ArcGIS Web Application|website=hawaiicountygis.maps.arcgis.com|access-date=2019-01-10}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vsc/movies/movie_172806.html|title=USGS Volcano Hazards Program Movie|website=volcanoes.usgs.gov|access-date=2019-01-10}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vsc/movies/movie_173976.html|title=USGS Volcano Hazards Program Movie|website=volcanoes.usgs.gov|access-date=2019-01-10}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vsc/file_mngr/file-192/PrelimSum_LERZ-Summit_2018.pdf|title=Preliminary summary of Kīlauea Volcano’s 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption and summit collapse|last=|first=|date=|publisher=USGS|website=volcanoes.usgs.gov|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-10}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1ZWnrwPSqtoOpdjj5QKaBZPQACQOzv5YD&ll=19.466726918668876%2C-154.90597985068666&z=15|title=Addresses of Homes Lost in 2018 Puna Eruption|last=duPont|first=Dane|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 12. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popfinder|title=2010 Demographic Profile - U.S. Census Bureau|first=Website Services & Coordination Staff,|last=ASD|website=www.census.gov|accessdate=8 May 2018}} 2 : Census-designated places in Hawaii County, Hawaii|Populated places on Hawaii (island) |
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