“Marsden (New Zealand electorate)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Marsden is a former parliamentary electorate, in the Whangarei District and in the Northland Region of New Zealand.

Population centres

The initial 24 New Zealand electorates were defined by Governor George Grey in March 1853, based on the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 that had been passed by the British government. The Constitution Act also allowed the House of Representatives to establish new electorates, and this was first done in 1858, when four new electorates were formed by splitting existing electorates.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|pp=29}} Marsden was one of those four electorates, and it covered the northern area split off from the {{NZ electorate link|Northern Division}} electorate.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|p=28}}

History

The electorate existed from 1858 to 1972, and the first election was held on 29 November 1859, which was during the term of the 2nd Parliament. James Farmer was the first representative.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|p=195}} The second representative was John Munro, who was elected on 27 December 1860, and served the whole term of the 3rd Parliament.{{sfn|Scholefield|1925|p=120}}

Francis Hull was elected to the 4th Parliament, resigned in 1869 and was succeeded by Munro in the February by-election. Munro served the rest of the term, plus the term of the 5th Parliament.{{sfn|Scholefield|1925|p=120}}

In the {{NZ election link|1879}} there was some doubt about the validity of the election result, and a law was passed to confirm the result in Marsden and two other electorates.^[1]

The {{NZ election link|1887}} was contested by Robert Thompson and Joseph Dargaville, and they received 955 and 550 votes, respectively. Thompson was thus declared elected.^[2]

Thompson acquired the labels 'Marsden Thompson' and 'the member for roads and bridges' in Parliament. He was known for his devotion to the interests of his district, which was desperately in need of good roads, and his only reason for being a Liberal was that the government was the only source of funding for roads and bridges (as with many other Liberals representing country electorates). He was pro-freehold (land), and was opposed to Liberal policies such as labour legislation and old age pensions. In {{NZ election link year|1908}}, when he stood unsuccessfully for Auckland West against a sitting Liberal member, he was once more an Independent, and his programme – freehold (land), acquisition of Maori land and opposition to prohibition had not altered.^[3]

Alfred Murdoch unsuccessfully contested the Marsden electorate in the {{NZ election link|1919}} as an independent Liberal against the incumbent from the Reform Party, Francis Mander.{{sfn|Gustafson|1986|p=335}}{{sfn|Wilson|1985|p=218}} Mander retired at the {{NZ election link|1922}},{{sfn|Wilson|1985|p=218}} and Murdoch was elected.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|p=222}} At the next election in {{NZ election link year|1925}}, Murdoch was defeated by William Jones of the Reform Party, but Murdoch defeated Jones in turn in {{NZ election link year|1928}} when he stood for the United Party.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|pp=209, 222}} After two parliamentary terms, Murdoch was defeated in {{NZ election link year|1935}} by James Barclay of the Labour Party.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|pp=182, 222}} In {{NZ election link year|1943}}, Murdoch, now standing for the National Party, defeated Barclay and won the electorate back, and held it until he retired in {{NZ election link year|1954}}.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|pp=182, 222}}

Members of Parliament

Election

Winner

1859 supplementary election

Independent politician|5}}

James Farmer

1861 election

Independent politician}}

John Munro

1866}}

Independent politician}}

Francis Hull

Marsden|1869}}

Independent politician}}

John Munro

1871}}

1876 election

Independent politician}}

Sir Robert Douglas

1879}}

Independent politician}}

William Colbeck

1881}}

Independent politician}}

Edwin Mitchelson

1884}}

1887}}

Conservative (New Zealand)}}

Robert Thompson

1890}}

1893}}

New Zealand Liberal Party}}

1896}}

Independent politician}}

1899}}

Independent Liberal}}

1902}}

Conservative (New Zealand)}}

Francis Mander

1905}}

1911}}

1914}}

1919}}

1922}}

Independent Liberal}}

Alfred Murdoch

1925}}

Reform Party (New Zealand)}}

William Jones

1928}}

United Party (New Zealand)}}

Alfred Murdoch

1931}}

1935}}

New Zealand Labour Party}}

James Barclay

1938}}

1943}}

New Zealand National Party}}

Alfred Murdoch

1946}}

1949}}

1951}}

1954}}

New Zealand National Party}}

Donald McKay

1957}}

1960}}

1963}}

1966}}

1969}}

{{small|(electorate abolished 1972; see {{NZ electorate link|Whangarei}})}}

Election results

1946 election

1943 election

1. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_act/eva187943v1879n10331/ |title= Elections Validation Act, 1879 |publisher= New Zealand Law online |date= }}
2. ^{{cite web |title=The General Election, 1887 |url= http://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&cl=search&d=AJHR1887-II.2.1.9.13 |publisher=National Library |accessdate=25 February 2012 |pages=1–4 |year=1887}}
3. ^{{cite book |last= Hamer |first= David |title= The New Zealand Liberals: The Years of Power, 1891–1912 |edition= 1st |origyear= |year= 1988 |publisher= Auckland University Press |location= Auckland |isbn= 1-86940-014-3 |oclc= |pages=168, 169, 367}}
4. ^{{cite web |title=The General Election, 1946 |url= http://www.atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&cl=search&d=AJHR1947-I.2.4.2.38 |publisher=National Library |accessdate=1 January 2014 |pages=1–11, 14 |year=1947}}
5. ^ {{cite book |title = The General Election, 1943 |url = http://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&cl=search&d=AJHR1944-I.2.2.5.37 |publisher = National Library |accessdate = 19 July 2015 |page = 6 |year = 1944}}
6. ^{{cite news | title=Electoral | url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH19431013.2.49.6 | accessdate=15 May 2017 | work=The New Zealand Herald | volume=80 | issue=24713 | date=13 October 1943 | page=5}}
7. ^{{cite web |title = The General Election, 1938 |url = http://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1939-I.2.3.2.36 |publisher = National Library |accessdate = 30 November 2014 |page = 3 |year = 1939}}
8. ^{{cite news |title=Electoral |url= http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NZH19381029.2.218.6 |accessdate=30 November 2014 |work=The New Zealand Herald |volume=LXXV |issue=23181 |date=29 October 1938 |page=25}}
9. ^{{cite book |title=The General Election, 1935 |year=1936 |publisher=National Library |pages = 1–35 |url= https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&cl=search&d=AJHR1936-I.2.3.2.33&srpos=167 |accessdate=3 August 2013}}
10. ^{{cite book |title=The General Election, 1931 |year=1932 |publisher=Government Printer |url= http://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1932-I-II.2.3.2.31 |page=3 |accessdate=2 November 2014}}
11. ^{{cite book |title=The General Election, 1928 |year=1929 |publisher=Government Printer |url= http://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&cl=search&d=AJHR1929-I.2.3.2.37 |page=3 |accessdate=4 December 2013}}
12. ^{{cite book |title=The General Election, 1925 |year=1926 |publisher=Government Printer |url= http://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1926-I.2.2.6.39 |page=1 |accessdate=20 November 2014}}
13. ^{{cite book |title=The General Election, 1922 |year=1923 |publisher=Government Printer |url= http://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1923-I-II.2.2.5.36 |page=1 |accessdate=20 November 2014}}
14. ^{{cite book|title=The New Zealand Official Year-Book |year=1920 |publisher=Government Printer |url=http://www3.stats.govt.nz/New_Zealand_Official_Yearbooks/1920/NZOYB_1920.html#idsect1_1_40386 |accessdate=2 August 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901182637/http://www3.stats.govt.nz/New_Zealand_Official_Yearbooks/1920/NZOYB_1920.html |archivedate=1 September 2014 |df= }}
15. ^{{cite news |title=Electoral |url= http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NZH19191210.2.16.1 |accessdate=23 November 2014 |work=The New Zealand Herald |volume=LVI |issue=17339 |date=10 December 1919}}
16. ^{{cite web |url= http://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&cl=search&d=AJHR1900-I.2.3.2.54 |title=The General Election, 1899 |date=19 June 1900 |publisher= Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives |page=1 |accessdate=12 February 2014 |location=Wellington}}
17. ^{{cite news |title=Electoral District of Marsden |url= http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NA18991216.2.40.4 |accessdate=15 February 2014 |work=The Northern Advocate |date=16 December 1899 |page=4}}
18. ^{{cite web |title=The General Election, 1890 |url= http://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&cl=search&d=AJHR1891-I.2.1.6.2 |publisher=National Library |accessdate=25 February 2012 |year=1891}}

Population centres

History

Members of Parliament

Election results

1946 election

1943 election

1938 election

1935 election

1931 election

1928 election

1925 election

1922 election

1919 election

1899 election