| 词条 | Marstonia |
| 释义 |
| image = Marstonia comalensis shell.png | image_caption = shell of Marstonia comalensis | image2 = Pyrgulopsis scalariformis shell.jpg | image2_caption = Apertural view of a shell of Marstonia scalariformis. | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Mollusca | classis = Gastropoda | unranked_superfamilia = clade Caenogastropoda clade Hypsogastropoda clade Littorinimorpha | superfamilia = Rissooidea | familia = Hydrobiidae | subfamilia = Nymphophilinae | genus = Marstonia | genus_authority = Baker, 1926[1] | diversity_link = | diversity_ref = [2] | diversity = 15 species }} Marstonia is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae. DistributionSpecies in the genus Marstonia are distributed in springs, streams and lakes in eastern North America.[2] Most of these species have extremely narrow geographic ranges and consequently have become a focus of conservation activities; two are federally listed as endangered and others are variously listed by state wildlife agencies.[2] DescriptionThe freshwater gastropod genus Marstonia is composed of 15 small (shell height < 5.0 mm), ovate- to elongate-shelled species.[2] Marstonia differs from the other eight North American nymphophiline genera in that the (female) oviduct and bursal duct join well in front of (instead of behind) the posterior wall of the pallial cavity.[2] It has also been resolved as a well supported sub-clade within its subfamily based on mtDNA sequences.[2] SpeciesEastern North American species of Pyrgulopsis[2] are considered to be in separate genus Marstonia according to Thompson & Hershler (2002).[3]
Other species of Marstonia include:
Although Marstonia has been reviewed four times since 1978 (Thompson 1978, Hershler 1994, Thompson & Hershler 2002, Hershler & Liu 2011), three of its congeners have been little studied beyond their original descriptions and their anatomy is unknown.[2] Two of these — Marstonia olivacea, Marstonia ozarkensis — may be extinct and thus will likely remain incertae sedis.[2] ReferencesThis article incorporates CC-BY-3.0 text from the reference [5] 1. ^Baker H. B. (1926). Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. Arts 22: 195. 2. ^Hershler R. (1994). "A review of the North American freshwater snail genus Pyrgulopsis (Hydrobiidae)". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 554: 1-115. PDF. 3. ^Marstonia http://www.natureserve.org accessed 25 July 2009. (See "Concept References" in each Marstonia species.) 4. ^ 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Hershler R. & Liu H.-P. (2011). "Redescription of Marstonia comalensis (Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1906), a poorly known and possibly threatened freshwater gastropod from the Edwards Plateau region (Texas)". ZooKeys 77: 1-16. {{doi|10.3897/zookeys.77.935}}. Further reading
1 : Hydrobiidae |
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