| 词条 | Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado |
| 释义 |
|name= Sister Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado, O.P. |birth_date= 23 March 1643 |death_date= 15 February 1731 (aged 87) |feast_day= |venerated_in= Roman Catholic Church Canary Islands, Spain, & the Dominican Order |image= La Siervita de Dios.jpg |imagesize= 200px |caption= La Siervita (The Little Servant) |birth_place= El Sauzal, Tenerife, Spain |death_place= San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain |titles= Servant of God; Virgin |beatified_date= |beatified_place= |beatified_by= |canonized_date= |canonized_place= |canonized_by= |attributes= Dominican religious habit, a rosary, the image of the Baby Jesus with laurel |patronage= People who are abducted, against child labour, suffering from skin diseases, against fire, lost and impossible causes and sickness |major_shrine= Monastery of St. Catherine of Siena, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain |suppressed_date= |issues= |prayer= }} The Servant of God Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado, O.P. ({{lang-es|Sor María de Jesús}}), was a Spanish Dominican lay sister, mystic and visionary, known popularly as "La Siervita" (the Little Servant). She lived a life which was austere and simple, and many miracles were attributed to her, as well as levitation, ecstasy, bilocation, the stigmata, clairvoyance and healing, among others.[1] De León died with a reputation for sanctity and is one of the most revered of the natives of the Canary Islands, together with Peter of Saint Joseph Betancur and José de Anchieta. The cause for her canonization has been submitted to the Holy See for review.[1] Early lifeDe León was born on March 23, 1643, in the town of El Sauzal, located on the island of Tenerife, one of the Spanish Canary Islands, to Andrés de León y Bello and María Delgado y Perera, a humble family of noble origin, although in decline. She was of possible Guanche ancestry.[2] She was their youngest child, having two sisters and a brother. According to the chronicles of the time, she was a woman of delicate features and a sweet face.[1] From an early age, De León showed mystical inclinations, especially in her feelings and great devotion to a miraculous image of the baby Jesus that was in the Church of St. Peter in her hometown. This image supposedly would open the doors of the church for her when she went to pray before it. There was also a laurel tree which would grow only under her care.[1] With the death of De León's father in 1646, poverty overtook the family. Around this time, a couple from mainland Spain, who had relocated to the city of San Cristóbal de La Laguna, where the husband was to practice medicine, had decided that they wanted another child to care for, along with their own child. Her mother, María Delgado, was convinced to give up her daughter by the doctor's wife with the promise of a better life for the child. Two years later, the couple made plans to move to New Spain, with the intention of taking Mary with them. Before this could happen, she was recovered by her birth mother, who had learned of this plan. Delgado, however, died shortly after this, and her daughter was taken in by a good friend of her mother who lived in La Orotava.[1] When De León was reaching her teenage years, two local women, who had the reputation of leading simple lives, came to her foster mother, with a letter supposedly from the girl's maternal aunt, Catalina Delgado, which said that she and her husband wished to care for the girl, and the bearers should accompany her to their farm. They then took her back to the city of San Cristóbal de La Laguna, where one of them approached a man in a back alley of the city. De León quickly realized that she was in danger and made her escape. She went to her aunt's home, where she was received and cared for by her and her uncle.[1] Living there, De León gradually took over the care of the farm, doing the hardest jobs and organizing its operations. She would rise at dawn and spend the entire day at work, never showing signs of fatigue. Her spiritual qualities soon became apparent, as she treasured solitude and embraced the lowliest work. She led a life of strict penance, wearing the simplest clothing and sleeping on the floor. Over time, the farm flourished and her uncle, Miguel Pérez, felt that she should be the one to inherit their land. He drew up a will for this on 23 March 1665. Mary was torn. She felt a desire to live a religious form of life, one in which she could do the most needed work, living in total poverty, without even the dowry her inheritance would have provided. Finally she declared her intention to enter a monastery as a lay sister, a decision which her aunt and uncle accepted.[1] Initially De León's guardians wanted her to enter the local monastery of the Poor Clares as the servant of their daughter, a choir nun in that community. She chose, however, to enter the monastery of the nuns of the Dominican Second Order,[1] although she originally wanted to belong to the Order of Discalced Carmelites, as she was very devoted to their foundress, St. Teresa of Jesus. As there had not yet been established any monasteries of the Discalced Carmelite nuns in the Canary Islands, De León entered the Dominican Order, due to a mysterious dream she had.[3] Entrance to the monasteryIn February 1668, De León was admitted to the Dominican Monastery of St. Catherine of Siena in San Cristóbal de La Laguna, located next to the Plaza del Adelantado in the center of the city, as a lay sister. There she was to care for an elderly nun of the community, Sister Jacobina de San Jerónimo Suárez, O.P. From that point on she would live within the monastery walls until her death, having never left the cloister. It was during this time that many miracles were attributed to her. One particular episode was one in which a devotional medal with the image of Our Lady of Solitude which she owned was reassembled spontaneously after having been broken into pieces several days before. Another possible episode of levitation was described by other nuns. As with other mystics, De León experienced ecstasy, during which the emission of light could be seen coming from her face. There were also reports of a marked heat emanating from her body, especially when receiving the Eucharist.[1] De León had a great friendship with the famous corsair Amaro Rodríguez Felipe, popularly known as the "Amaro Pargo", whose sister was also a lay sister in the monastery and who shared a cell with De León. The privateer claimed to have experienced a great miracle through De León. Pargo recounted that he was assaulted by an individual when he was in Cuba. At the very instant when the attacker would have plunged his dagger into the body of the pirate, the figure of De León appeared, interceding and preventing Pargo's death. This phenomenon, known as ubiquity or bilocation, and associated with many saints, is the capacity to be in two places simultaneously.[1] De León also had a great friendship with the Franciscan friar and mystic Fray Juan de Jesús, who was her spiritual director and who gave her much counsel in pursuing the spiritual life. De León died in monastery cloister on 15 February 1731, having lived within its walls for 63 years without leaving. Before her death, she fell into an ecstasy and died keeping a pulse and the pupils of her eyes clear for more than 24 hours. In her side, next to her heart, was found a wound, such as the one which would have been left by the side of Christ. Three years later her body was exhumed and was found incorrupt, whole and flexible. Her palate and tongue were preserved fresh and rosy, and jasmine-scented blood issued from her mouth.[1] VenerationDe León's incorrupt body is still preserved in the Monastery of St. Catherine, where she lived out her life and died. Every 15 February (the anniversary of her death), her body is placed on public display in a glass-covered coffin, which was donated by the corsair Amaro Pargo, who was present at the exhumation. Because of the large numbers of pilgrims and devotees who desire to see her incorrupt body, the coffin is also displayed on the following Sunday.[1] A formal inquiry into De León's life for possible canonization was begun in the 19th century, but soon ceased. The cause was reopened in 1992 and has been submitted to the Vatican. It remains pending. Supporters of her cause are dismayed by this lack of progress, despite a document from 1771 which lists 1,251 miracles attributed to her intercession.[4] Although she has not yet been officially canonized, veneration of Sister Mary of Jesus has become the equivalent in the Canary Islands in cult of Saint Teresa of Jesus in the rest of Spain, Saint Catherine of Siena in Italy and Saint Rose of Lima in Peru and Latin America.[5] MiraclesMiracles associated with De León are:
Bibliography
See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Notas sobre la Siervita de Dios{{es icon}}{{unreliable source|reason=This is a PDF of a bunch of blog posts|date=March 2019}} 2. ^Análisis iconográfico del retrato de sor María de Jesús "La Siervita de Dios" 3. ^Cuadros históricos de la admirable vida y virtudes de La Sierva de Dios: Sor María de Jesús de León Delgado 4. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.eldia.es/2011-02-15/LAGUNA/4-Sor-Maria-Jesus-aun-espera-milagro-beatifique.htm|work=El Día|date=15 February 2011|title=Sor María de Jesús aún espera por el milagro que la beatifique|last=Barbuzano|first=D.|accessdate=17 December 2012|language=es}} 5. ^Síntesis del Proceso de Beatificación de la Sierva de DiosSor María de Jesús de León Delgado] 6. ^La Candelaria de sor María de Jesús, la Siervita{{es icon}} External links{{Commons category|María de León Bello y Delgado}}
14 : 1643 births|1731 deaths|17th-century Christian mystics|18th-century Christian mystics|People from Tenerife|Dominican Sisters|Dominican mystics|Dominican spirituality|Spanish Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns|Venerated Catholics|Incorrupt saints|Spanish Servants of God|Stigmatics|Burials in the Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife |
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