“Mary of the Divine Heart”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Maria Anna Johanna Franziska Theresia Antonia Huberta Droste zu Vischering was born with her twin brother Max (Maximilian Droste zu Vischering) on September 8, 1863, solemnity feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, in the Erbdrostenhof Palace, in Münster, the capital city of Westphalia, Germany, as daughter of one of the most wealthy and noblest German families, who distinguished themselves by their fidelity to the Catholic Church during the persecution of the Kulturkampf : her parents were Klemens Heidenreich Franz Hubertus Eusebius Maria, the count Droste zu Vischering, and Helene Clementine Maria Anna Sybille Huberta Antonia, the countess of Galen.^[2] Because of the fragility of her health, Maria was baptized immediately at birth.

The early years

Maria Droste zu Vischering spent her childhood with her family in the Castle of Darfeld, in Rosendahl near Münster, and was a child full of life. Her mother said that "She doesn’t mind her dress. She is running into the mud, jumping into the wet grass and the bushes until she is so dirty that she has to change every stitch.” ^[3]

Maria was taught at home by governesses. On April 25, 1875, Maria and her brother Max received First Communion. In April 1879 Maria continued her education at the boarding school of the Sacré-Coeur Sisters in Riedenburg in Bavaria. While there, she heard a homily on Psalm 45 where it says, “Listen, my daughter, ... forget your father’s house..., the king will fall in love with your beauty.” Maria decided that she should become a religious. During the spring of 1879, while listening to a particular devotion of one of the sisters to the Heart of Christ, Maria Droste zu Vischering reached an important conclusion: "I began to understand that without the spirit of sacrifice the love of the Heart of Jesus is merely an illusion".{{cn|date=February 2016}}

While at school, she contracted pneumonia and, shortly before her eighteenth birthday, returned home to recover.^[3] In 1883, at the chapel of the Castle of Darfeld, Maria is said to have had an interior locution of Jesus Christ who told her: "Thou shalt be the wife of My Heart". On 5 August of that same year, on the Silver Jubilee of her parents' marriage, Maria told them of her desire to become a religious.

Religious life

In 1888, she visited with her mother the Hospital of Darfeld and there she found a girl who had given scandal. Maria Droste zu Vischering reached out to the unfortunate. This episode can be considered her first contact with the charism of the Sisters of the Good Shepherd. In the Parish Church, a short time later, she heard again the voice of Jesus who told her: "You must enter in the Convent of the Good Shepherd". On 21 November 1888 at the age of twenty-five, Maria Droste zu Vischering joined the Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd. After she received the white religious habit of the religious congregation, Maria also received the name that became for her a program of life: Sister Mary of the Divine Heart.^[3]

For Maria Droste zu Vischering, the devotion to the Heart of Christ always merged with the devotion to the Blessed Sacrament. "I could never separate the devotion to the Heart of Jesus from the devotion to the Blessed Sacrament, and I will never be able to explain how and how much the Sacred Heart of Jesus deigned to favor me in the Blessed Sacrament of the Eucharist".

In 1891, she devoted herself to the girls sent to the Good Shepherd Sisters in Münster for rehabilitation and care. With an ardent love for youth ministry, she maintained: "the most needy, the most miserable, the most forsaken are the children I love best".^[2]

Sister Mary of the Divine Heart spent only five years in Münster, because she was called by obedience to a special mission. In 1894, at the age of 31, she was transferred to Portugal, where she was initially sent as assistant of the Mother Superior of the Convent of the Good Shepherd Sisters in Lisbon. From February to May 1894 she remained in the Portuguese capital, but was appointed to the position of Mother Superior of the Convent of the Good Shepherd Sisters in Porto.^[2]

While she was in Porto, Portugal, Sister Mary of the Divine Heart reported several messages from Jesus Christ in which she was asked to contact the pope, requesting the consecration of the world to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.

World Consecration to the Sacred Heart of Jesus

On June 10, 1898, her confessor at the Good Shepherd monastery wrote to Pope Leo XIII stating that Sister Mary of the Divine Heart had received a message from Christ, requesting the pope to consecrate the entire world to the Sacred Heart. The pope initially did not believe her and took no action. However, on January 6, 1899, she wrote another letter, asking that in addition to the consecration, the first Fridays of the month be observed in honor of the Sacred Heart. In the letter she also referred to the recent illness of the pope and stated that Christ had assured her that Pope Leo XIII would live until he had performed the consecration to the Sacred Heart. Theologian Laurent Volken states that this had an emotional impact on Leo XIII, despite the theological issues concerning the consecration of non-Christians.^[4]^[5]

Pope Leo XIII commissioned an inquiry on the basis of her revelation and Church tradition. In his 1899 encyclical letter Annum sacrum, Leo XIII decreed that the consecration of the entire human race to the Sacred Heart of Jesus should take place on June 11, 1899. In the encyclical Leo referred to the illness about which Sister Mary had written, stating:

"There is one further reason that urges us to realize our design: We do not want it to pass by unnoticed. It is personal in nature but just as important: God the author of all Good has saved us by healing us recently from a dangerous disease."^[6]

Pope Leo XIII also composed the Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart and included it in the encyclical. Pope Pius X later decreed that this consecration of the human race performed by Pope Leo XIII be renewed each year.^[7]

Death and incorruptibility

Sister Mary of the Divine Heart Droste zu Vischering died on June 8, 1899, the feast of the Sacred Heart (properly Solemnity of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus), three days before the world consecration, which had been deferred to the following Sunday.

Blessed Mary of the Divine Heart's incorrupt body is exposed for public veneration in the Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, in Ermesinde, in northern Portugal.^[8] The church is adjacent to the Convent of the Good Shepherd Sisters.^[9] There is also a relic of her body exposed for public veneration at the Sanctuary of Christ the King in Almada, near Lisbon, Portugal.

Veneration

In 1964, Sister Mary of the Divine Heart, the countess of Droste zu Vischering, officially received the title of Venerable by the Catholic Church. On November 1, 1975, she was declared blessed by Pope Paul VI. Doctor Waldery Hilgeman is the Postulator of the cause of canonization.

Promises of the Sacred Heart of Jesus

In His revelations to Sister Mary of the Divine Heart, Jesus is said to have revealed to her two promises:

Promise of obtaining graces through the intercession of Sister Mary of the Divine Heart

"Know this, My daughter, that by the charity of My Heart I desire to pour out floods of graces through your heart over the hearts of others. This is why people will get close to you with confidence. ...No one, even the most hardened sinner, will leave your presence without having received, in one way or another, consolation, relief, or a special grace."^[10]

Promise of obtaining graces in the Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Ermesinde

"For a long time, as you know, I have wanted to build a church on the Good Shepherd property. Uncertain as to whom this church should be dedicated, I have prayed and consulted many people without reaching a decision. On the First Friday of this month, I asked Our Lord to enlighten me. After the Holy Communion, He said to me: '– I desire that the church be consecrated to My Heart. You must erect here a place of reparation; from My part I will make it a place of graces. I will distribute copiously graces to all who live in this house [the Convent], those who live here now, those who will live here after, and even to the people of their relations.' Then He told me that He wished this church, above all, to be a place of reparation for sacrileges and to obtain graces for the clergy."^[11]

Notes

1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07163a.htm|title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus|website=www.newadvent.org|access-date=2018-08-19}}
2. ^¹²{{Cite web|url=http://www.goodshepherdsisters.org.ph/saints/blessed-maria-droste|title=Blessed Maria Droste - Good Shepherd Sisters Philippines|website=www.goodshepherdsisters.org.ph|language=en|access-date=2018-08-19}}
3. ^¹²"Maria Droste Zu Vischering", Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd
4. ^Laurent Volken, 1963, Visions, Revelations and the Church P.J. Kenedy Publishers
5. ^Niels Christian Hvidt, 2007, Christian Prophecy: The Post-Biblical Tradition, OUP Press {{ISBN|0-19-531447-6}} page 242
6. ^Annum sacrum in Vatican official website.
7. ^EWTN
8. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/robaleiro/4974206110/|title=1982 - ERMESINDE|work=Flickr|access-date=2018-08-19|language=en-us}}
9. ^Civil Parish of Ermesinde - The Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
10. ^Letter from Sister Mary of the Divine Heart dated June 23, 1897, in Autobiography of Blessed Mary of the Divine Heart, Religious of the Good Shepherd. Lisbon: Edition of the Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd, 1993.
11. ^Letter from Sister Mary of the Divine Heart dated August 13, 1897, in Autobiography of Blessed Mary of the Divine Heart, Religious of the Good Shepherd. Lisbon: Edition of the Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd, 1993.

Biography

Birth