| 词条 | Masticatory force |
| 释义 |
Masticatory force or force of mastication is defined as the force that is created by the dynamic action of the masticatory muscles during the act of chewing. Masticatory muscleshuman teeth can bear a 200 N force per second. The muscles that power the jaw movements during chewing are known as the muscles of mastication or masticatory muscles, and are functionally classified as:[1]
Measuring masticatory forceThe first device for measuring masticatory force (gnathodynamometer) was created by Bleck. He determined that periodontal tissue is an important issue, which impacts the amount of force. Morill found out that masticatory muscles stop their contraction differently upon the appearance of pain signals from the periodontal tissue.[2] Shreder used local anaesthesia to ignore the periodontal response to measure the maximum force of mastication. His research showed that a 21-year-old man without any periodontal pathology who could produce approximately {{convert|35|kgf|N|lk=on}} of force, increased the amount of that force to {{convert|60|kgf|N}} following local anaesthesia.[2] Weber{{who|date=April 2018}} worked out that 1 cm2 surface of perpendicular slide of any masticatory muscle can produce approximately {{convert|10|kgf|N|-1}} force. The following surfaces were found[3]
Thus, the total average surface area of perpendicular masticatory muscles slide is about {{convert|19.5|cm2|in2}}. ForcesNankali studied chewing in multiple individuals. He found variation in the amount of masticatory force.[4] The masticatory forces changes at eating time according to mouthful characteristic and size. This has various effects on the maxilla and mandible via the teeth. The periodontal system automatically controls the measure of mastication force. The jaw elevator muscles develop the main forces used in mastication. The force generated during routine mastication of food such as carrots or meat is about {{convert|70|to|150|N|lbf|lk=out}}. The maximum masticatory force in some people may reach up to {{convert|500|to|700|N|lbf|lk=out}}.[1]{{rp|156}} The study of masticatory force in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis shows that hyposalivation and mucosal alterations can be related to the pathology of masticatory system.[5] Force distributionNankali systematized masticatory force distribution.[4] According to this system, force is divided in two main groups, with physiological or pathological conditions. The physiological masticatory force is divided into three subgroups according to their localizations: anterior, general (covering the entire arch) and posterior part of arch, which is also divided into two different groups; unilateral and bilateral.[4] Producing a maximum masticatory force uses the general subgroup of this systematization.{{cn|date=April 2018}} References1. ^1 {{cite book | last1 = Scully | first1 = Crispian | name-list-format = vanc | title = Oxford Handbook of Applied Dental Sciences | date = 2003 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford | isbn = 978-0-19-851096-3 | page = 151 }} 2. ^1 {{cite book | vauthors = Juliev EN, ((Жулев ЕН)) | year = 2000 | trans-title = Fixed prosthesis: Theory, clinic and laboratory technique | title = Несъемные протезы: Теория, клиника и лабораторная техника | language = Russian | publisher = Nijnegorodskoi Gosudarstveni Medisinskoi Akademi | location = Н. Новгород – Novogorad, | isbn = 5-7032-0330-9 | page = 151 |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=ongoAAAACAAJ|page=151}} }} 3. ^{{cite book | vauthors = Abolmasov NG, Abolmasov NN, Bichkov BA, Alkhakim A | year = 2003 | title = Orthopedicheskaia Stomatalogia | location = Moscow | publisher = Medpress-inform | isbn = 5-901712-25-0 | page = 41 }} 4. ^1 2 {{cite journal | vauthors = Nankali A | year = 2002 | title = Strength Properties Investigation of the hard tissue of the teeth roots | journal = Ukrainian Medical Young Scientists Journal | publisher = National Medical University | issue = 3–4 | pages = 74–76 }} 5. ^{{cite journal | first1 = Krisztina | last1 = Márton | first2 = Peter | last2 = Hermann | first3 = Katalin | last3 = Dankó | first4 = Pál | last4 = Fejérdy | first5 = Melinda | last5 = Madléna | first6 = Gábor | last6 = Nagy | name-list-format = vanc | title = Evaluation of oral manifestations and masticatory force in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis | journal = Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine | volume = 34 | issue = 3 | pages = 164–169 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15689230 | doi = 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2004.00280.x }} Further reading{{refbegin}}
3 : Restorative dentistry|Dentistry|Prosthodontology |
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