“Maszovlet”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Maszovlet (short for Magyar–Szovjet Polgári Légiforgalmi Részvénytársaság, "Hungarian-Soviet Civil Air Transport Joint Stock Company") was a Hungarian airline founded on March 29, 1946. It was a predecessor of Malév.

History

The first Hungarian airline companies, Aero Rt., Magyar Aeroforgalmi Rt. (Maefort) and Magyar Légiforgalmi Rt. (Malért) had to suspend operations during World War II. Maszovlet was founded after the war as the national airline of the newly Communist state, with technical assistance from the Soviet Union. The airline was jointly owned by Hungary and the USSR.

In the beginning its fleet consisted of five 21-seat Lisunov Li-2 passenger aircraft (a licensed Soviet version of Douglas DC-3) and five 3-seat Po-2 plane which carried air mail. Its base was Budaörs Airport, the pre-war international airport of the country (Ferihegy airport had already been under construction but suffered severe damages during the war). Domestic flights started on October 15, 1946 from Budapest to Szombathely and Debrecen; flights to Szeged and Győr started the same year. The airline had 1864 passengers in the short period between October 15 and the end of the year.^[1] In 1947 the airline received another four Li-2 aircraft, followed by two in 1948, finally in 1952 another Li-2, originally bought for the Army, was added to the airline fleet to replace a plane lost to an accident earlier during the year.^[2]

From 1947 the capital was connected by regular flights to Miskolc and Pécs, and during the next years Békéscsaba, Kaposvár, Nagykanizsa, Nyíregyháza and Zalaegerszeg also joined the list of destinations. Seasonal summer flights connected the capital to Siófok, a popular holiday destination next to Lake Balaton.^[1] Not all flights originated from Budapest; for example, from 1952 there were flights between Szeged and Pécs, and from 1954 between Pécs and Kaposvár.^[3] The extensive domestic flight network consisting of relatively short routes (the distance to most of these cities is between 120 km and 230 km) was necessitated by the fact that motorways and railways suffered great damage during the war. Flights cost around the same as a first-class train ticket.

International flights started already in 1947, with the Budapest-Prague route. By the summer of 1954 the airline served 12 domestic airports and started services on the Warsaw, East Berlin and Bucharest routes.^[1]

In 1950 operations moved to the newly finished Ferihegy International Airport which has been Hungary's main airport ever since then. Budaörs airport is now used for general aviation only.

On November 25, 1954 Hungary bought the Soviet Union's shares in the company. This meant the end of Maszovlet and the birth of the new national airline Malév,^[1] which existed until its dissolution in 2012.

Incidents and accidents

Destinations

Sources

1. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://magyarszarnyak.uw.hu/legikozlekedes/foldesi_otven_ev.html|title=Öt évtized szárnyakon – Ötven éves a Magyar Légiközlekedési Vállalat|author=Földesi László|date=1996|accessdate=2017-11-04}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.li-2.hu/?modul=html&content=tortenet3|title=A Li–2-es típus a magyar közforgalmú repülésben|publisher=Li-2.hu|accessdate=2017-12-24|language=Hungarian}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.airportpecs.hu/|title=Bemutatkozás|publisher=Pécs-Pogány repülőtér|accessdate=2017-11-04}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.li-2.hu/?modul=html&content=esemenyek_elteritesek|title=Eltérítések|publisher=Li-2.hu|accessdate=2017-12-24|language=Hungarian}}
5. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.betekinto.hu/en/node/52|title=Repülőgép-eltérítési kísérlet a forradalom előestéjén|author=Ábrahám Balázs|date=2009|accessdate=2017-11-04|website=Betekintö- Historical Archives of the Hungarian State Security|language=Hungarian}}
6. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.li-2.hu/?modul=html&content=esemenyek_katasztrofak|title=Események, katasztrófák|publisher=Li-2.hu|accessdate=2017-12-24|language=Hungarian}}