| 词条 | Leopardus | ||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Leopardus[1] | taxon = Leopardus | fossil_range = Pleistocene-Recent ~{{fossil range|2.5|0}} | authority = Gray 1842 | image = Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis)-8.jpg | image_caption = Ocelot, Leopardus pardalis | type_species = Leopardus griseus | type_species_authority = Gray 1842 | subdivision_ranks = Species | range_map = Leopardus range.png | range_map_caption = Leopardus diversity | range_map_alt = Leopardus range map }}Leopardus is a genus of spotted small cats mostly native to Middle and South America, with a very small range extending into the southern United States. The genus is considered the oldest branch of a lineage of small cats that crossed into the Americas, with the genera Lynx and Puma being later branches of the same group.[2] The largest species in Leopardus is the ocelot (L. pardalis); most of the other species resemble domestic cats in size, with the kodkod (L. guigna) being the smallest cat in the Americas. The margay (L. wiedii) is more highly adapted to arboreal life than any other cat in the Americas.[3] Despite the name, the leopard is a member of genus Panthera, not Leopardus. TaxonomyThe generic name Leopardus was proposed by John Edward Gray in 1842, when he described two spotted cat skins from Central America and two from India in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London.[4] Genetic studies indicate that Leopardus forms a distinct clade within the Felinae and evolved in South America around 8 million years ago.[2] Within the genus, two distinct evolutionary lineages appear to exist; one leading to the ocelot, margay, and Andean mountain cat, and the other leading to the remaining species.[5] The following Leopardus species are recognized since 2017:[6]
References{{Commons category}}{{Wikispecies}}1. ^{{MSW3 Wozencraft| pages = 537–540 | id = 14000080 |heading=Genus Leopardus}} {{Carnivora|Fe.}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q318414}}2. ^1 {{cite journal |last1= Johnson|first1= W. E.|last2= Eizerik|first2= E. |last3= Pecon-Slattery |first3=J. |last4= Murphy|first4=W. J. |last5= Antunes|first5=A. |last6=Teeling|first6=E. |last7=O'Brien|first7= S. J. |date=2006 |title=The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment|journal= Science|volume= 311|issue= 5757|pages= 73−77|doi= 10.1126/science.1122277}} 3. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aBEbUaXTWYAC |title=A Field Guide to the Mammals of Central America and Southeast Mexico |first=F. A. |last=Reid |edition=2 |year=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-534323-6 |page=277}} 4. ^{{cite journal |last1=Gray |first1= J. E. |year=1842 |title=Descriptions of some new genera and fifty unrecorded species of Mammalia |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |volume=10 |issue=65 |pages=255−267 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsmagazineof10lond/page/260}} 5. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/jhered/89.3.227 |last1=Johnson |first1=W. E. |last2=Culver |first2=M. |last3=Iriarte |first3=J. A. |last4=Eizirik |first4=E. |last5=Seymour |first5=K. L. |last6=O'Brien |first6=S. J. |year=1998 |title=Tracking the evolution of the elusive Andean mountain cat (Oreailurus jacobitus) from mitochondrial DNA |journal=Journal of Heredity |volume=89 |issue=3 |url=http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/89/3/227.pdf |pages=227–232 |pmid=9656464}} 6. ^{{cite journal |author1=Kitchener, A. C. |author2=Breitenmoser-Würsten, C. |author3=Eizirik, E. |author4=Gentry, A. |author5=Werdelin, L. |author6=Wilting, A. |author7=Yamaguchi, N. |author8=Abramov, A. V. |author9=Christiansen, P. |author10=Driscoll, C. |author11=Duckworth, J. W. |author12=Johnson, W. |author13=Luo, S.-J. |author14=Meijaard, E. |author15=O’Donoghue, P. |author16=Sanderson, J. |author17=Seymour, K. |author18=Bruford, M. |author19=Groves, C. |author20=Hoffmann, M. |author21=Nowell, K. |author22=Timmons, Z. |author23=Tobe, S. |year=2017 |title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group |journal=Cat News |volume=Special Issue 11 |pages=46−58 |url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}} 7. ^{{cite book |last1=Linnaeus |first1=C. |year=1758 |title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |location=Holmiae |publisher=Laurentius Salvius |page=42 |chapter=Felis pardalis |volume=I |edition=Tenth |chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000798865#page/41/mode/2up}} 8. ^{{cite book |author=Schreber, J. C. D. |year=1778 |chapter=Die Maragua |chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/SaYugthiereAbbiIIISchr#page/396/mode/1up |pages=396–397 |title=Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen |location=Erlangen |publisher=Wolfgang Walther}} 9. ^1 {{cite book |author=Molina, G. I. |year=1782 |title=Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chilli |location=Bologna |publisher=Stamperia di S. Tommaso d’Aquino |chapter=La Guigna Felis guigna |chapterurl=http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=192&Pagina=296 |page=295}} 10. ^{{cite book |last=Schinz |first=H. R. |year=1821 |title=Das Thierreich eingetheilt nach dem Bau der Thiere: als Grundlage ihrer Naturgeschichte und der vergleichenden Anatomie von dem Herrn Ritter von Cuvier. Säugethiere und Vögel, Volume 1 |publisher=Cotta |location=Stuttgart, Tübingen |chapter=Wiedische Katze Felis wiedii |pages=235–236 |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=D3o-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA235#v=onepage&q&f=false}} 11. ^{{Cite journal |last=D'Orbigny |first=A. |last2=Gervais |first2=P. |date=1844 |title=Mammalogie: Nouvelle espèce de Felis |url=https://archive.org/details/extraitsdesproc79184244soci/page/40 |journal=Extraits des Procès-verbaux des Séances |volume=9 |pages=40−41}} 12. ^{{cite journal |last1=Cornalia |first1=E. |year=1865 |title=Descrizione di una nuova specie del genere Felis. Felis jacobita (Corn.) |journal=Memorie della Societá Italiana di Scienze Naturali |volume=1 |pages=3−9 |url=https://archive.org/details/memoriedella118651866mila/page/n11}} 13. ^{{cite journal |last1=Hensel |first1=R. |year=1872 |title=Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Säugethiere Süd-Brasiliens |journal=Physikalische Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin |pages=1−130 |issue=1873 |url=https://archive.org/details/abhandlungenderk1872deut/page/n152}} 14. ^{{cite journal |last1=Berta |first1=A. |year=1983 |title=A new species of small cat (Felidae) from the late Pliocene-early Pleistocene (Uquian) of Argentina |journal=Journal of Mammalogy |volume=64 |issue=4 |pages=720-725 |doi=10.2307/1380541}} 6 : Felines|Mammal genera|Extant Pleistocene first appearances|Mammals of South America|Mammals described in 1842|Taxa named by John Edward Gray |
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