| 词条 | Matthew Festing | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Matthew Festing |title = Prince and Grand Master of the Order of Malta |image = HMEH Fra%27 Matthew Festing, 79th Prince and Grand Master, SMOM.jpg |succession = Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta |reign = 11 March 2008 – 28 January 2017 |predecessor = Giacomo dalla Torre {{small|(Acting)}} |successor = Ludwig von Rumerstein {{small|(Acting)}} |regent = {{List collapsed|title=See list|1=Giacomo dalla Torre Gherardo Hercolani Fava Simonetti Carlo d’Ippolito di Sant’Ippolito Ludwig von Rumerstein}} |reg-type = {{nowrap|Grand Commanders}} |birth_date = {{nowrap|{{birth date and age|1949|11|30|df=y}}}} |birth_place = Northumberland, England, UK |death_date = |death_place = |full name = Robert Matthew Festing |father = Francis Festing |mother = Mary Cecilia Riddell |religion = Roman Catholicism }}Robert Matthew Festing (born 30 November 1949) served as Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from 2008 until his resignation following a dispute with the Vatican on 28 January 2017.[1][2] FamilyFesting is the youngest of four sons born to Field Marshal Sir Francis Festing, Chief of the Imperial General Staff,[3] a Roman Catholic convert who became a Knight of Malta, and Mary Cecilia (née Riddell), the elder daughter of Cuthbert David Giffard Riddell of Swinburne Castle, Northumberland. His father was the grandson of Colonel Sir Francis Worgan Festing. His mother's family is an ancient English recusant family, descending from the Throckmorton baronets and Blessed Sir Adrian Fortescue, martyred in 1539.[3] His three elder brothers are John Festing (a former High Sheriff of Northumberland), Major Michael Festing and Andrew Festing (formerly President of the Royal Society of Portrait Painters). Education and careerFesting attended Ampleforth College, before going up to St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated in Modern History.[3] He was sponsored by the British Army in the rank of second lieutenant on a university cadetship whilst at Cambridge before being commissioned, on 23 July 1971, as an Ensign in the Grenadier Guards; his service number was 486330.[4] Until 2008, he was Sotheby's auction representative in Northumberland and currently holds the rank of colonel in the Territorial Army.[3] Festing was a Deputy Lieutenant for Northumberland and in the 1998 Queen's Birthday Honours was appointed as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE).[3] He has also served as the County Cadet Commandant of the Northumbria Army Cadet Force and is Patron of the Sandhurst Foundation and a Trustee of Northumbria Historic Churches. Order of MaltaFesting was admitted to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta in 1977. In 1991, he took perpetual vows, becoming a Knight of Justice. From 1993 to 2008, he served as Grand Prior of England, the first in this office since 1815. On 11 March 2008, Festing was elected Grand Master following a conclave-style meeting at the order's villa on the Aventine Hill in Rome.[3] Only the third English Grand Master of the Order of Malta, he is the immediate successor to the second, Fra' Andrew Bertie, the first being Hugh de Revel in 1258–77. ResignationFesting resigned as Prince and Grand Master in January 2017. Festing and the Holy See had been in dispute since December 2016, when Festing had dismissed the order's Grand Chancellor, Albrecht, Baron von Boeselager, for allowing the distribution of condoms in a medical project for the poor. Boeselager appealed to Pope Francis, who appointed a five-member commission to look into perceived judicial irregularities in the circumstances of the dismissal. Festing refused to cooperate, describing the commission as an illegitimate intervention in the order's sovereign affairs, accusing its members of a conflict of interest, and setting up his own internal commission. The Vatican, in turn, rejected what it said was an attempt to discredit members of the commission and ordered the leaders of the institution to cooperate with the inquiry. The papal commission was due to deliver its findings to the pope.[5] Cardinal Burke, the patron of the order, tried to convince Festing to withdraw his resignation and keep fighting the Vatican. On 28 January 2017, the Order's Sovereign Council accepted Festing's resignation and re-instated Boeselager.[6]The Sovereign Council accepted the resignation of Festing and named Fra' Ludwig Hoffmann von Rumerstein as Lieutenant ad interim. The Sovereign Council presided over by the Lieutenant ad interim annulled the decrees establishing the disciplinary procedures against Boeselager as well as the suspension of his membership in the Order. Boeselager resumed his office as Grand Chancellor immediately.[7] In April 2017 Archbishop Giovanni Angelo Becciu, the temporary papal delegate to the order, instructed Festing not to travel to Rome for the election of his successor. He wrote that many of the Order had "expressed their wish" that Festing not travel to Rome for the election as they felt his presence would "reopen wounds" and prevent a return to harmony.[8] As it appeared that Festing ignored this order and arrived in Rome just before the meeting to elect a new Grand Master, the Vatican reconsidered and annulled the order. According to sources within the order, this was because his absence as a professed knight could have invalidated the ballot.[9] Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Matthew Festing |2= 2. Francis Festing |3= 3. Mary Cecilia Riddell |4= 4. Francis Leycester Festing |5= 5. Charlotte Katherine Grindall Festing |6= 6. Cuthbert David Giffard Riddell |7= 7. Evelyn Mary Liddell |8= 8. Francis Worgan Festing |9= 9. Selina Eleanor Mary Carbonell |10= 10. Henry Blathwayt Festing |11= 11. Mary Eliza Todd |12= 12. John Giffard Riddell |13= 13. Victoria Henrietta Purcell |14= 14. Matthew Liddell |15= 15. Hannah Delaval Adamson |16= 16. Benjamin Morton Festing |17= 17. Caroline Jane Wright |18= 18. Leycester William Carbonell |19= 19. Josephine Marie Greipel |20= 20. Benjamin Morton Festing (= 16) |21= 21. Caroline Jane Wright (= 17) |22= 22. Richard James Surrey Todd |23= 23. Mary Ann Hedges |24= 24. Thomas Ralph Riddell |25= 25. Mary Throckmorton |26= 26. Peter Slingsby Purcell |27= 27. Monica O'Connor |28= 28. John Liddell |29= 29. Susanna Mitcalfe Fenwick |30= 30. William Adamson |31= 31. Hannah Benson }} Distinctions{{Infobox Royal styles| name =Prince and Grand Master Fra' Matthew Festing | image = | reference = His Most Eminent Highness | spoken = Your Most Eminent Highness | alternative = Grand Master }} Titles and styleThe full title of Fra' Matthew from the 11 March 2008 until 28 January 2017 was His Most Eminent Highness Fra' Matthew Festing, Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta, Most Humble Guardian of the Poor of Jesus Christ. The Prince and Grand Master of the Order of Malta was the sovereign ruler of Malta from 1530 until 1798, and nowadays represents the Order's claim to sovereign status. The sovereign Prince was created ex officio a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire by the Holy Roman Emperor in 1607 (as an honorary title, as the Prince and Grand Master was already a Head of State in his own right outside the Empire), as well as the style of Most Eminent Highness from the Pope in 1630, recognising his status as a Prince of the Church. In the order of precedence in the Catholic Church Fra' Matthew was the highest-ranked officer following the Cardinals, and remained the only leader of an entity within the Catholic Church in modern times, apart from the Pope (as Sovereign of Vatican City State) and the Bishop of Urgell (as Co-Prince of Andorra), to be considered as an independent monarch. Chivalric orders
National honours
Crown appointment of the United Kingdom
Honorary citizenship
Honorary academic degrees
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.orderofmalta.int/2017/01/25/fra-matthew-festing-convenes-sovereign-council-formalise-resignation-office-grand-master/|title=Fra’ Matthew Festing convenes a Sovereign Council to formalise his resignation from the office of Grand Master - Order of Malta|date=25 January 2017|website=Orderofmalta.int|accessdate=20 November 2017}} 2. ^"[https://www.orderofmalta.int/2017/01/28/grand-master-fra-matthew-festing-resigns-office/ The Grand Master Fra’ Matthew Festing resigns from office]" (Order of Malta, 28 January 2017) 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news|last=Owen |first=Richard |title=Knights of Malta elect Englishman as new leader |publisher=The Times |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article3531729.ece |date=11 March 2008 |accessdate=11 March 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512011215/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article3531729.ece |archivedate=12 May 2008 }} (Archived: 12 May 2008) 4. ^{{London Gazette |issue=45465 |date=6 September 1971 |page=9657 |supp=y }} 5. ^{{cite web|last=Pullella |first=Philip |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-pope-knights-idUSKBN15901M |title=Knights of Malta head resigns after dispute with Vatican |publisher=Reuters |date=23 June 2016 |accessdate=25 January 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/reuters/article-4167334/The-Knights-Malta-Vatican-feud-tale-chivalry-sovereignty.html#ixzz4X5TqB35v|title=The Knights of Malta-Vatican feud: a tale of chivalry and sovereignty|website=Dailymail.co.uk|accessdate=20 November 2017}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.orderofmalta.int/2017/01/28/grand-master-fra-matthew-festing-resigns-office/|title=The Grand Master Fra’ Matthew Festing resigns from office|date=28 January 2017|website=Orderofmalta.int|accessdate=20 November 2017}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ncregister.com/blog/edward-pentin/vatican-orders-matthew-festing-not-to-travel-to-rome-for-order-of-malta-ele|title=Vatican Orders Matthew Festing Not to Travel to Rome for Order of Malta Election|website=Ncregister.com|accessdate=20 November 2017}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ncregister.com/blog/edward-pentin/vatican-reverses-decision-allows-festing-to-take-part-in-order-of-malta-ele|title=Vatican Reverses Decision, Allows Festing to Take Part in Order of Malta Election|website=Ncregsiter.com|accessdate=20 November 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/L-59053-809107 |title=Order of St John |website=Thegazette.co.uk |date=5 May 2009 |accessdate=25 January 2017}} 11. ^{{cite journal|journal=Magyar Közlöny|title=Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary|year=2009|issue=17}} 12. ^Nomination by Sovereign Ordonnance n°2405 of 14 October 2009 (French) 13. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf | title = Reply to a parliamentary question about the Decoration of Honour | language = German | page=1923 |trans-title=| format = PDF | accessdate = 13 January 2013}} 14. ^1 The Constantinian Order and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta - website of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George 15. ^Members of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George - website of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George, Delegation of Great Britain and Ireland 16. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://saintanna.ru/?id=6&id_news=25&lang=rus|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420091649/http://saintanna.ru/?id=6&id_news=25&lang=rus|dead-url=yes|archive-date=20 April 2014|title=Новости|publisher=Saintanna.ru|date=|accessdate=23 April 2014}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.granducato.org/ruoli-eng.html |title= Sacro Militare Ordine di Santo Stefano Papa e Martire |website=Granducato.org |date= |accessdate=22 February 2015}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.ph/2015/03/03/statement-of-president-aquino-during-the-courtesy-call-of-fra-festing-of-the-order-malta/ |title=Statement of President Aquino during the courtesy call of Fra’ Festing of the Order of Malta | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines |website=Gov.ph |date=3 March 2015 |accessdate=25 January 2017}} 19. ^{{cite web|title=Real Decreto 754/2015, de 31 de julio, por el que se concede el Collar de la Orden de Isabel la Católica a Su Alteza Eminentísima Frey Matthew Festing, Príncipe y Gran Maestre de la Soberana Orden Militar de Malta|url=http://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2015-8692|publisher=Boletin Oficial del Estado|accessdate=26 December 2015|ref=BOE-A-2015-8692}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.orderofmalta.int/2008/09/18/the-grand-master-honorary-citizen-of-rapallo/|title=The Grand Master honorary citizen of Rapallo - Order of Malta|date=18 September 2008|website=Orderofmalta.int|accessdate=20 November 2017}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://commencement.cua.edu/res/docs/Master%20Listing%20of%20All%20Honorary%20Degrees.pdf |format=PDF |title=Honorary Degrees Conferred by The Catholic University of America |website=Commencement.cua.edu |accessdate=25 January 2017}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.orderofmalta.int/2014/05/13/honorary-degree-for-fra-matthew-festing/|title=Honorary Degree for Fra’ Matthew Festing - Order of Malta|date=13 May 2014|website=Orderofmalta.int|accessdate=20 November 2017}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.orderofmalta.int/government/grand-master/|title=Grand Master - Order of Malta|website=Orderofmalta.int|accessdate=20 November 2017}} Additional sources
External links
{{small|Acting}}}}{{s-ttl|title=Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta|years=2008–2017}}{{s-aft|after=Ludwig von Rumerstein {{small|Acting}}}}{{s-end}}{{Sovereign Military Order of Malta}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Festing, Matthew}} 20 : 1949 births|Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge|Deputy Lieutenants of Northumberland|English Roman Catholics|Festing family|Fortescue family|Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles|Grand Collars of the Order of Saint James of the Sword|Grand Order of King Tomislav recipients|Grenadier Guards officers|Knights Grand Cross of Justice of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George|Knights of Malta|Knights of the Order of Saint Januarius|Living people|Officers of the Order of the British Empire|People educated at Ampleforth College|People from Northumberland|Princes and Grand Masters of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta|Recipients of the Order pro merito Melitensi|Roman Catholic monarchs |
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