| 词条 | Mazarinettes | ||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Mazarinettes were the seven nieces of Cardinal Jules Mazarin, the Chief Minister of France during the youth of King Louis XIV. He brought them, together with three of his nephews, from Italy to France in the years 1647 and 1653. Afterwards, he arranged advantageous marriages for them to powerful and influential French and Italian princes. To overcome aristocratic resistance to the matches, the cardinal generously granted huge dowries to the fiancés.[1] The girls were daughters of Mazarin's sisters, Laura Margherita and Geronima:
Arriving in France at different times, the girls were aged between seven and thirteen years old at the time of their arrival. Their uncle, Cardinal Mazarin, had requested their presence at the French court for several reasons. First, he was tired of being surrounded by French nobles and courtiers he could not trust. He wanted to be able to relax around and confide in members of his own family. Second, he wished to use his nieces and nephews to consolidate his legacy in French society and history. As a cleric, he had no legitimate children with which to do that. Upon their arrival in Paris, Anne of Austria, the mother of the young king, Louis XIV, took the children under her wing. She even allowed the younger ones to be educated together with the king and his younger brother, Philippe, in the Palais-Royal. With this mark of favour, she placed the young ladies on the same level as the princesses of the blood. When the girls were first officially presented at court, Marshal Villeroy said to the king's uncle, Gaston, Duke of Orléans: {{lang|fr|"Voilà des petites demoiselles qui présentement ne sont point riches, mais qui bientôt auront de beaux châteaux, de bonnes rentes, de belles pierreries, de bonne vaisselle d'argent, et peut-être de grandes dignités […]"}}[2] In Paris, the Mazarinettes caused quite a stir because of their appearance. In a milieu where pale skin and a full figure were regarded as the established ideal of beauty, the girls' darker Italian complexions and slight builds were much remarked upon.[4] One of the so-called Mazarinades, satires and pamphlets against Mazarin that were very numerously published in France between 1648 and 1653, described the cardinal's nieces as follows:
Other Mazarinades called them "dirt princesses" and "stinking snakes".[5] As protegées of their uncle, the girls' lives often reflected the cardinal's variable fortunes. During the Fronde, they twice were forced to leave Paris and go into exile. After the revolt was crushed, though, Cardinal Mazarin secured for them all a life of carefree prosperity by finding them suitable husbands and showering lavish wedding gifts upon them. Notes1. ^{{cite book |last=Jurewitz-Freischmidt |first=Sylvia |title=Galantes Versailles. Die Mätressen am Hofe der Bourbonen |year=2002 |publisher=Piper |location=Munich |language=German |isbn=978-3-492-24494-7 |page=20}} 2. ^{{cite book |last=Renée |first=Amédée |title=Les nièces de Mazarin: Études de mœurs et de caractères au XVIIe siècle |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZU5BAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA37 |accessdate= October 15, 2009|year=1856 |publisher=Firmin Didot |location=Paris |language=French |page=37}} 3. ^{{cite book |last=Savoie-Carignan|first=Guy Jean Raoul Eugène Charles Emmanuel de |title=The seven richest heiresses of France |url= https://archive.org/stream/sevenrichestheir00sois#page/64/mode/2up |accessdate= October 15, 2009|year=1911|publisher=J. Long |location=London |page=64}} 4. ^{{cite book |last=Guth |first=Paul |title=Mazarin. Frankreichs Aufstieg zur Weltmacht |year=1973 |publisher=Societäts-Verlag |location=Frankfurt |language= German |page=638}} 5. ^{{cite book |last=Guth |first=Paul |title=Mazarin. Frankreichs Aufstieg zur Weltmacht |year=1973 |publisher=Societäts-Verlag |location=Frankfurt |language= German |page=639}} References
2 : Cardinal Mazarin|People of the Ancien Régime |
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