| 词条 | Leslie C. Arends |
| 释义 |
|birth_name = Leslie Cornelius Arends |image = Leslie Arends.jpg |caption = |order3 = United States House of Representatives Republican Whip |term_start3 = May 13, 1943 |term_end3 = December 31, 1974 |leader3 = Joseph W. Martin Charles Halleck Gerald Ford John J. Rhodes |predecessor3 = Harry L. Englebright |successor3 = Robert Michel |state6 = Illinois |district6 = 17th |term_start6 = January 3, 1935 |term_end6 = January 3, 1973 |predecessor6 = Frank Gillespie |successor6 = George M. O'Brien |state7 = Illinois |district7 = 15th |term_start7 = January 3, 1973 |term_end7 = December 31, 1974 |preceded7 = Cliffard D. Carlson |succeeded7 = Tim Lee Hall |birth_date = {{birth date|1895|9|27}} |birth_place = Melvin, Illinois, U.S. |death_date = {{death date and age|1985|7|17|1895|9|27}} |death_place = Naples, Florida, U.S. |party = Republican |spouse = |children = |profession = Farmer Banker }} Leslie Cornelius Arends (September 27, 1895 – July 17, 1985) was a Republican politician from Illinois who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1935 until 1974. A native and lifelong resident of Melvin, Illinois, Arends attended Oberlin College and served in the United States Navy during World War I. He was involved in farming and banking; in addition to renting out several farms he owned, he eventually became president of the local bank that his father had started. A Republican, he was elected to the U.S. House in 1934. He served from 1935 until resigning on December 31, 1974. From 1943 until his retirement, Arends served as the Republican Whip, holding the post during periods of Republican majority (1947-1949, 1953-1955) and minority (1943-1947, 1949-1953, 1955-1974). In addition, Arends rose by seniority to become the ranking minority member of the House Armed Services Committee. A party loyalist, Arends opposed much government spending, and provided strong support to the party's presidential candidates. He remained loyal to Richard M. Nixon during the Watergate scandal, and indicated that he would not vote to impeach Nixon. After resigning from the House, Arends served on the President's Intelligence Advisory Board, and lived in retirement in Melvin, Washington, DC, and Naples, Florida. He died in Naples, and was buried in Melvin. Early lifeBorn in Melvin, Illinois on September 27, 1895,{{sfn|"Leslie C. Arends, 89, Dies"}} Arends was the youngest of 10 children (seven of whom lived to adulthood) born to George Teis Arends and Talea (née Weiss) Arends.{{sfn|Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society|page=106}} His father was born in Peoria to parents who were both natives of Germany; his mother was born in Hanover, Germany.{{sfn|Alumni Record of the University of Illinois|page=514}} Arends attended the local schools and from 1912 to 1913 was a student at Oberlin College in Ohio.{{sfn|"Leslie C. Arends, 89, Dies"}} He served in the United States Navy during World War I,{{sfn|"Leslie C. Arends, 89, Dies"}} and after his discharge he acquired and rented out several farms, and became active in banking.{{sfn|"Leslie Arends, 40-Year House Member, Dies"}} He eventually became president of the Commercial State Bank in Melvin, which had been founded by his father.{{sfn|"Leslie C. Arends, 89, Dies"}}{{sfn|"Leslie Arends, 40-Year House Member, Dies"}} He was a member of the Ford County Farm Bureau,{{sfn|Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society|page=106}} and a member of the board of trustees of Illinois Wesleyan University, which awarded him the honorary degree of LL.D. in 1962.{{sfn|"Arends: Vote-Finder for Republicans in the House"|page=16}}{{sfn|"Founders' Day Sees 2 Renamings"|page=5}} Congressional careerIn 1934, Arends was elected as a Republican to the 74th Congress.{{sfn|"Leslie C. Arends, 89, Dies"}} He was reelected nineteen times, and served from January 3, 1935 until resigning on December 31, 1974, a few days before the end of his final term.{{sfn|Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-2005|page=452}} He alternately served as majority whip and minority whip for House Republicans from 1943 to 1974,{{sfn|"Leslie C. Arends, 89, Dies"}} and was the longest-serving whip in U.S. House of Representatives history.{{sfn|"Leslie C. Arends, 89, Dies"}} He rose through seniority to become the ranking Republican on the House Armed Services Committee,{{sfn|"Leslie Arends, 40-Year House Member, Dies"}} where one of his pet projects was preventing the closure of Chanute Air Force Base in Illinois; it remained open until 1993.{{sfn|"Leslie Arends, 40-Year House Member, Dies"}} Arends represented a heavily Republican, largely rural downstate Illinois district. A conservative but pragmatic Republican, he opposed much of the New Deal and remained a staunch isolationist until the American entry into World War II.{{sfn|"Leslie C. Arends, 89, Dies"}} After becoming minority whip in 1943, Arends helped create the powerful Conservative Coalition of Republicans and Southern Democrats that controlled the domestic agenda from 1937 to 1964.{{sfn|Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Congress|pages=19-20}} He was reelected as whip amid Republican in-fighting following their large Congressional losses in the 1964 elections;{{sfn|"Arends: Vote-Finder for Republicans in the House"|page=16}} after their setback, House Republicans replaced leader Charles Halleck with Gerald Ford.{{sfn|"Arends: Vote-Finder for Republicans in the House"|page=16}} Ford backed Peter Frelinghuysen Jr. for Whip.{{sfn|"Arends: Vote-Finder for Republicans in the House"|page=16}} Arends had usually been reelected Whip without opposition, and despite a strong challenge from Frelinghuysen, Arends relied on the personal relationships forged over 30 years to provide the votes that enabled him to retain the post.{{sfn|"Arends: Vote-Finder for Republicans in the House"|page=16}} He supported Robert A. Taft over Dwight D. Eisenhower for the 1952 Republican presidential nomination,{{sfn|"Illinois GOP leaders Set to Back Ike"|page=1}} and was an early supporter of the party's nominees Richard M. Nixon and Barry Goldwater in the campaigns of the 1960s.{{sfn|"Nixon to Attend Melvin Celebration"|page=5}}{{sfn|"Arends Lashes Out Against Johnson"|page=2}}{{sfn|"Arends On Committee Informing Nixon On Issues"|page=7}} He organized the GOP opposition to Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society,{{sfn|"G.O.P. Girds for New War on U.S. Spending"|page=61}} but supported some civil rights legislation.{{sfn|Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Congress|pages=19-20}} During the Watergate scandal, Arends provided unwavering loyalty to President Richard M. Nixon, and stated that he would not vote for impeachment, citing his strong personal friendship with Nixon and belief that Nixon had performed capably as president.{{sfn|"House Whip Arends Won't Support Impeachment Vote"|page=15}} Despite the Whip challenge following the 1966 elections, Nixon's successor Gerald Ford and Arends maintained a close personal friendship, ensuring Arends a good relationship with the White House after Nixon's resignation.{{sfn|"Remarks at Ceremonies Honoring Representative Leslie C. Arends in Melvin, Illinois"}} Post-Congressional careerAfter leaving Congress, Arends served on the President's Intelligence Advisory Board,{{sfn|"Leslie Arends, 40-Year House Member, Dies"}} and spent time at homes in Melvin, Naples, Florida, and Washington, DC.{{sfn|"Leslie C. Arends, 89, Dies"}} LegacyArends' papers are part of the collections of Illinois Wesleyan University, and the university library's special collections room was named for him.{{sfn|"Founders' Day Sees 2 Renamings"|page=5}} Death and burialArends died in Naples on July 17, 1985,{{sfn|"Leslie C. Arends, 89, Dies"}} and was buried at Melvin Cemetery in Melvin. He was survived by his wife Betty (Tychon) and daughter Leslie ("Letty").{{sfn|"Leslie C. Arends, 89, Dies"}} ReferencesSourcesNewspapers
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Internet
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|state=Illinois |district=17 |before=J. Frank Gillespie |years=January 3, 1935 – January 3, 1973 |after=George M. O'Brien}}{{USRepSuccessionBox |state=Illinois |district=15 |before=Cliffard D. Carlson |years=January 3, 1973 – December 31, 1974 |after=Tim Lee Hall}}{{s-ppo}}{{succession box | title=Republican Whip of the U.S. House of Representatives | before=Harry L. Englebright | after=Bob Michel | years=May 13, 1943 – December 31, 1974 }}{{succession box | title=Minority Whip of the U.S. House of Representatives | before=Harry L. Englebright | after=John W. McCormack | years=May 13, 1943 – January 3, 1947 }}{{succession box | title=Majority Whip of the U.S. House of Representatives | before=John Sparkman | after=Percy Priest | years=January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1949 }}{{succession box | title=Minority Whip of the U.S. House of Representatives | before=John W. McCormack | after=John W. McCormack | years=January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1953 }}{{succession box | title=Majority Whip of the U.S. House of Representatives | before=Percy Priest | after=Carl Albert | years=January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1955 }}{{succession box | title=Minority Whip of the U.S. House of Representatives | before=John W. McCormack | after=Robert H. Michel | years=January 3, 1955 – December 31, 1974 }}{{s-end}}{{USHouseMajWhip}}{{USHouseMinWhip}}{{USHouseRepWhip}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Arends, Leslie Cornelius}} 10 : 1895 births|1985 deaths|American military personnel of World War I|American people of German descent|Illinois Republicans|Members of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois|People from Ford County, Illinois|United States Navy personnel|Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives|20th-century American politicians |
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