| 词条 | Leslie Green |
| 释义 |
| name = Leslie Green | image = Leslie Green.jpg | alt = Left profile view of Leslie Green | caption = Leslie Green, c 1906 | birth_name = Leslie William Green | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1875|02|06}} | birth_place = Maida Vale, London | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1908|08|31|1875|02|06}} | death_place = Mundesley, Norfolk | occupation = Architect | module = {{Portal-inline|London transport}} }} Leslie William Green (6 February 1875 – 31 August 1908)[1] was an English architect. He is best known for his design of iconic stations constructed on the London Underground railway system in central London during the first decade of the 20th century, with distinctive ox-blood red tiled façades including pillars and semi-circular first-floor windows, and patterned tiled interiors. Early and private lifeGreen was born in Maida Vale, London in 1875, the second of four children of architect and Crown Surveyor Arthur Green and his wife Emily.[1] He spent periods studying at Dover College and South Kensington School of Art, and in Paris, between periods working as an assistant in his father's architectural practice.[1][2] Green married Mildred Ethel Wildy (1879–1960) in Clapham in April 1902. In 1904, they had a daughter, Vera (1904–95).[1] CareerGreen established his own practice as an architect in 1897, working initially from his father's offices, before moving to Haymarket in 1900 and then to Adelphi House on Adam Street, by the Strand, in 1903. He became an associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) in 1898, and a member in 1899. Early commissions included works to homes and shops in various parts of the capital city.[1][2] In 1903 he was appointed as architect for the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL) to design stations for three underground railway lines then under construction – the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway (GNP&BR), the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway (BS&WR) and the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway (CCE&HR), which, respectively, became parts of the present day Piccadilly line, Bakerloo line and Northern line. Green was commissioned to design 50 new stations, including their external appearance, and internal fittings and decoration.[1][2] {{multiple image| align = left | direction = vertical | image1 = Russell Square station.jpg | width1 = 150 | alt1 = | caption1 = Russell Square station | image2 = RussellSqTilework.jpg | width2 = 150 | alt2 = | caption2 = One of the variety of platform tiling patterns designed by Green }} Green developed a uniform Arts and Crafts style for the ground level station buildings, adapted to suit the individual station location. They were constructed as two-storey buildings with a structural steel frame – then a new form of construction recently imported from the United States – providing the large internal spaces needed for ticket halls and lift shafts (the first escalators were introduced in 1911). The exterior elevations were clad in non-loadbearing ox-blood red (sang de boeuf) glazed terracotta (faïence) blocks, provided by the Leeds Fireclay Company. The ground floor was divided into wide bays by columns, allowing separate entrances and exits, and also providing space for retail outlets. The design also featured large semi-circular windows at first floor level (occasionally with circular occuli) and a heavy dentilated cornice above. A broad strip between the two floors announced the name of the station in capital letters. The station buildings were constructed with flat roofs with the deliberate aim of encouraging commercial office development above, another benefit of the load-bearing structural steel frame.[2] The interior was tiled in green and white, with decorative details. At platform level, the stations were provided with a standardised tiling design incorporating the station name, but with quickly identified individual colour schemes and geometric tile patterns formed in repeating panels along the platform length. Directional signs were also included in the tile designs. The tiled surfaces created a unifying theme, and proved easy to maintain.[2] The railways were to open in 1906 and 1907, and Green was notified in June 1907 that the contract would be terminated at the end of that year. He was elected a Fellow of the RIBA in 1907, including details of his work for the UERL as part of his submission.[1] Many of Green's station buildings survive, although internal modifications have seen most of his ticket hall designs altered to suit later developments. At platform levels a number of the original tiling schemes survive today or have, as at Lambeth North and Marylebone, been reproduced in recent years to the original pattern. A number of the surviving buildings are Grade II listed buildings: Aldwych, Belsize Park, Caledonian Road, Chalk Farm, Covent Garden, Gloucester Road, Holloway Road, Oxford Circus, Mornington Crescent, Russell Square and South Kensington.[3] His work was continued by his assistant, Stanley Heaps. The designs remain instantly recognisable: the screen appearance of the fictitious Walford East Underground station from the BBC soap opera EastEnders is inspired by Green's designs.[1] {{clear}}DeathThe pressure of producing designs and supervising the works to so many stations in such a short period of time placed a strain on Green's health. He contracted tuberculosis and died at a sanatorium at Mundesley in Norfolk in August 1908,[1][4] at the age of 33. He was survived by his wife and daughter. {{clear left}}Leslie Green stationsFor complete lists of central London stations of these lines see Bakerloo line, Piccadilly line and Northern line{{Col-begin}}{{Col-3}}Bakerloo line Stations between Edgware Road and Elephant & Castle inclusive constructed by BS&WR with station buildings designed by Leslie Green:
Stations between Finsbury Park and Gloucester Road inclusive constructed by GNP&BR with station buildings designed by Leslie Green:
Stations between Hampstead and Archway and Strand (now Charing Cross) inclusive constructed by CCE&HR with station buildings designed by Leslie Green:
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/64597 |title=Green, Leslie William (1875–1908) |accessdate=1 July 2013 |last=Paterson |first=Mike |year= 2013|work= Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi= 10.1093/ref:odnb/64597}}{{subscription required}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.20thcenturylondon.org.uk/server.php?show=conInformationRecord.113|title=Green, Leslie|work=Exploring 20th Century London|publisher=Renaissance/Museums, Libraries and Archives Council|accessdate=1 March 2010}} 3. ^{{National Heritage List for England |num=1401034 |desc=Aldwych Underground Station |grade=II |accessdate=31 August 2014}} {{National Heritage List for England |num=1401089 |desc=Belsize Park Underground Station |grade=II |accessdate=31 August 2014|fewer-links=yes}} {{National Heritage List for England |num=1401086 |desc=Caledonian Road Underground Station |grade=II |accessdate=31 August 2014|fewer-links=yes}} {{National Heritage List for England |num=1401028 |desc=Chalk Farm Underground Station |grade=II |accessdate=31 August 2014|fewer-links=yes}} {{National Heritage List for England |num=1401025 |desc=Covent Garden Underground Station |grade=II |accessdate=31 August 2014|fewer-links=yes}} {{National Heritage List for England |num=1080658 |desc=Gloucester Road Underground station |grade=II |accessdate=31 August 2014|fewer-links=yes}} {{National Heritage List for England |num=1195635 |desc=Holloway Road Underground station |grade=II |accessdate=31 August 2014|fewer-links=yes}} {{National Heritage List for England |num=1401022 |desc=Oxford Circus Underground Station |grade=II |accessdate=31 August 2014|fewer-links=yes}} {{National Heritage List for England |num=1378713 |desc=Mornington Crescent Underground station |grade=II |accessdate=31 August 2014|fewer-links=yes}} {{National Heritage List for England |num=1401730 |desc=Russell Square Underground Station |grade=II |accessdate=31 August 2014|fewer-links=yes}} {{National Heritage List for England |num=1392067 |desc=South Kensington Underground station |grade=II |accessdate=31 August 2014|fewer-links=yes}} 4. ^{{London Gazette|issue=28198|date=20 November 1908|page=8639}} External links{{Commons category-inline|Buildings by Leslie Green}}{{cite web |url=http://underground-history.co.uk/walford.php |title=Walford East Station |publisher=Underground History |date=27 April 2005 |accessdate=31 August 2014}} Images from the [https://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/collections/collections-online/photographs Photographic Archive] of the London Transport Museum {{Col-begin}}{{Col-3}}Bakerloo line
Further reading
9 : 1875 births|1908 deaths|English architects|Fellows of the Royal Institute of British Architects|People from Maida Vale|People associated with transport in London|Transport design in London|Railway architects|History of the London Underground |
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