| 词条 | Medupi Power Station |
| 释义 |
| name = Medupi Power Station | name_official = | image = Medupikragstasie, Ellisras, Limpopo, a.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = South Africa | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|23|42|00|S|27|33|00|E|type:landmark_region:ZA-LP|display=inline,title}} | country = South Africa | location = Lephalale | status = UC | construction_began = | commissioned = 2015 Q1 | decommissioned = | cost = | owner = Eskom | operator = | th_fuel_primary = Coal | th_fuel_secondary = | th_fuel_tertiary = | th_technology = | th_feed_mine = | th_cooling_source = | ps_units_operational = | ps_units_manu_model = | ps_units_uc = 6 × 794 MW | ps_units_planned = | ps_units_cancelled = | ps_units_decommissioned= | thermal_capacity = | ps_electrical_capacity = 4,764 MW | ps_electrical_cap_fac = | ps_annual_generation = | website = | extra = }}Medupi Power Station is a dry-cooled coal-fired power station being built by Eskom near Lephalale in Limpopo province, South Africa. According to Eskom, the name chosen for the station, Medupi, is a Sepedi word for "rain that soaks parched lands".[1] Both Medupi and its contemporary counterpart Kusile are notable for their size as well as controversial cost and suspected corruption that took place during their construction.[2] HistoryOriginally conceived as Project Alpha in 2007, with only three units to total 2400MW and cost R32 billion, the design was changed at a late stage in 2007 and doubled in size to 4764MW. Initial project cost was given as R69 billion but that was updated to approximately R80 billion later in 2007.[3][4] Power outputWhen completed, the power station is to have six boilers each powering an 800 MW turbine, producing 4800 MW of power. It is expected to become the largest dry-cooled coal-fired power station in the world.[5] Alstom will provide the steam turbines,[6] Medupi will be supplied by coal from Exxaro's Grootegeluk coal mine, located north of the site. Eskom has placed a contract with Exxaro to supply 14.6 MT of coal per year for 40 years.[7] Completion of the first two units was expected by 2012 but various delays have impacted on progress. The first 794 MW unit was commissioned and handed over to Eskom Generation on 23 August 2015. Units 5 to 1 will be completed at approximately nine-month intervals. The power station was initially expected to cost R80 billion (2007 Rands),[3] and then was revised to cost R154 billion.(2013 Rands) [8][9][10] Currently the cost of Medupi is estimated at R195 billion. (2016 Rands) [11] Power generation{{multiple image|| align = left | direction = vertical| width = 220 | image1 = Medupi Power Station development of the coal yard 2014.jpg | alt1 = Medupi Power Station development of the coal yard 2014 | caption1 = Development of the coal yard, early 2014 | image2 = Medupi Power Station fabrication of boilers mid 2014.jpg | alt2 = Medupi Power Station fabrication of boilers mid 2014 | caption2 = Fabrication of a boiler structure, mid 2014 | footer = }} On the 18 February 2015 the Public Enterprises minister, Lynne Brown, announced that the number 6 turbine is running at the optimum speed of 3000 revolutions per minute.[12] Official news reports stated that the turbine will add 794 megawatts to the national grid.[13] On the 22 February 2016 the number 5 turbine was being load tested at a max load of 794 megawatts. [14] Commercial operation is estimated to be March 2018. (2016) [11] CriticsThe building of the coal power station has attracted criticism.[15] Critics have alleged that the government pushed the project forward because the African National Congress held a 25% share of the venture and stood to make a profit of close to 1 billion rand on the deal.[16][17] Backers of the project argued that the plant is needed.[18] Some critics say that effective management of coal supplies was needed, not another coal station.[19] The African Development Bank lent $500 million for the project in 2008. In 2010, the World Bank agreed to lend South Africa $3.75 billion to assist with several energy projects, with $3.05 billion allocated for completion of the Medupi power station. The approval of the World Bank loan drew criticism for supporting increased global emissions of greenhouse gases.[20] Public Enterprises Minister Pravin Gordhan announced in late 2018 that government was initiating a forensic probe into the repeated delays and cost overruns on the completion of Kusile and Medupi Power Stations.[21] Gordhan stated that work on the power plants was "falling short of design and quality" and that "[s]omebody is making money out of the doubling of the cost of Medupi".[21] As of 11 Feb 2019, Eskom has resumed load-shedding due to ongoing problems at Medupi and Kusile Power Stations. The blackouts are as severe as those of 2015, removing up to 4000MW of demand from the national grid, and negatively impacting the industrial economy.[22][23] See also{{Portal|South Africa|Energy}}
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.eskom.co.za/content/Kusile%20and%20Medupi.pdf |title=Kusile and Medupi coal-fired power stations under construction |publisher=Eskom |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517075140/http://www.eskom.co.za/content/Kusile%20and%20Medupi.pdf |archivedate=2012-05-17 |df= }} {{Power in South Africa |state=collapsed}}2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.fin24.com/Economy/eskom-and-the-multi-billion-rand-mega-projects-that-could-have-saved-sa-20190213|title=Eskom and the multi-billion rand mega projects that could have saved SA|date=2019-02-13|website=Fin24|access-date=2019-02-13}} 3. ^1 {{Cite web|title = Medupi Sod Turning Press Release|url = http://www.eskom.co.za/Whatweredoing/NewBuild/MedupiPowerStation/Pages/Medupi_Sod_Turning_Press_Release.aspx|website = www.eskom.co.za|accessdate = 2015-08-24}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=How much Medupi will cost SA|url=http://businesstech.co.za/news/energy/97135/how-much-medupi-will-cost-sa/|accessdate=31 August 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.eskom.co.za/c/article/57/medupi-power-station/ |title=Medupi Power Station |publisher=Eskom |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806221624/http://www.eskom.co.za/c/article/57/medupi-power-station/ |archivedate=2013-08-06 |df= }} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tradeinvestsa.co.za/news/982506.htm |title=R33.6-billion Eskom contracts awarded for Medupi power station |date=14 Nov 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111114250/http://www.tradeinvestsa.co.za/news/982506.htm |archivedate=2012-01-11 |df= }} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/medupi-project-on-track-for-scheduled-delivery-2008-12-05|title=Medupi project on track for scheduled delivery|accessdate=August 5, 2018}} 8. ^{{Cite web|title = How much is Medupi really costing the country? |url = http://ewn.co.za/2015/06/02/Medupis-final-costs-has-increased |accessdate = 2015-08-24|first = FILE: Medupi Power Station Picture |last = EWN}} 9. ^{{Cite web|title = Medupi Timeline: Costs, delays spiralling – no completion in sight |url = https://www.biznews.com/leadership/2015/08/06/medupi-timeline-costs-delays-spiralling-no-completion-in-sight/|accessdate = 2015-08-24}} 10. ^{{Cite web|title = Medupi will cost R105bn to complete – for now |url = http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Medupi-will-cost-R105bn-to-complete-for-now-20150703 |accessdate = 2015-08-24}} 11. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-07-07-medupi-kusile-and-the-massive-costtime-overrun/|title=Medupi, Kusile, and the massive cost/time overrun {{!}} Daily Maverick|website=www.dailymaverick.co.za|access-date=2016-12-22}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/business/news/medupi-turbine-6-at-optimum-capacity-1.1820376#.VOTLbPmUeSo|title=‘Medupi turbine 6 at optimum capacity’ - IOL Business Report|publisher=}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/business/news/medupi-eskom-hails-new-beginning-1.1825679#.VPSUbfmUfng|title=Medupi: Eskom hails ‘new beginning’ - IOL Business Report|publisher=}} 14. ^{{Cite news|url=https://mybroadband.co.za/news/energy/192286-medupi-unit-5-a-step-closer-to-commercial-operation.html|title=Medupi Unit 5 a step closer to commercial operation|access-date=2016-12-22}} 15. ^Rafey, William and Sovacool, B.K. (2011). "Competing Discourses of Energy Development: The Implications of the Medupi Coal-Fired Power Plant in South Africa," Global Environmental Change, 21(3), pp. 1141-1151. 16. ^{{cite web|title=Opposition slams ANC 'about-turn' on Hitachi |url=http://www.mg.co.za/article/2010-04-14-opposition-slams-anc-aboutturn-on-hitachi |publisher=Mail & Guardian Online|accessdate=24 May 2010|date=14 April 2010}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mg.co.za/article/2010-04-03-zille-says-anc-stands-to-make-r1bn-from-medupi|title=Zille says ANC stands to make R1bn from Medupi|first=Staff|last=Reporter|publisher=}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://powerplants.einnews.com/login.php?redir=/news.php?wid=287187525&n=12|title=Log In - Power Plants News Today - EIN News|first=EIN|last=News|website=powerplants.einnews.com}} 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.info.gov.za/otherdocs/2008/nationalresponse_sa_electricity1.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-04-13 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090824033934/http://www.info.gov.za/otherdocs/2008/nationalresponse_sa_electricity1.pdf |archivedate=2009-08-24 |df= }} 20. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/cwire/2010/04/09/09climatewire-south-africa-wins-375-billion-coal-loan-17887.html?pagewanted=2 | work=The New York Times | title=South Africa Wins $3.75 Billion Coal Loan | first=Lisa | last=Friedman | date=2010-04-09}} 21. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.fin24.com/Economy/Eskom/eskom-opens-forensic-probe-on-medupi-kusile-20181206|title=Eskom opens forensic probe into Medupi, Kusile|last=Khumalo|first=Sibongile|date=2018-12-06|website=Fin24|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-01}} 22. ^{{cite news |last1=Burkhardt |first1=Paul |title=Blackouts Cripple South Africa Again as Eskom Stumbles |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-12/eskom-blames-new-plant-faults-as-south-africa-blackouts-continue |accessdate=12 March 2019 |work=Bloomberg Markets |agency=Bloomberg}} 23. ^{{cite news |last1=Goko |first1=Colleen |title=Eskom Extends South Africa Power Cuts as Moody's Flags Risk |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-11/eskom-remains-major-risk-to-south-african-finances-moody-s-says |accessdate=12 March 2019 |work=Bloomberg technology |agency=Bloomberg}} 3 : Coal-fired power stations in South Africa|Proposed coal-fired power stations|Proposed power stations in South Africa |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。