| 词条 | Leukemoid reaction |
| 释义 |
| name = Leukemoid reaction | synonyms = | image = | caption = | pronounce = | field = | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} The term leukemoid reaction describes an increased white blood cell count, or leukocytosis, which is a physiological response to stress or infection (as opposed to a primary blood malignancy, such as leukemia). It often describes the presence of immature cells such as myeloblasts or red blood cells with nuclei in the peripheral blood. It may be lymphoid or myeloid.[1] CausesAs noted above, a leukemoid reaction is typically a response to an underlying medical issue. Causes of leukemoid reactions include:
DiagnosisConventionally, a leukocytosis exceeding 50,000 WBC/mm3 with a significant increase in early neutrophil precursors is referred to as a leukemoid reaction.[2] The peripheral blood smear may show myelocytes, metamyelocytes, promyelocytes, and rarely myeloblasts; however, there is a mixure of early mature neutrophil precursors, in contrast to the immature forms typically seen in acute leukemia. Serum leukocyte alkaline phosphatase is normal or elevated in leukemoid reaction, but is depressed in chronic myelogenous leukemia. The bone marrow in a leukemoid reaction, if examined, may be hypercellular but is otherwise typically unremarkable. Leukemoid reactions are generally benign and are not dangerous in and of themselves, although they are often a response to a significant disease state (see Causes above). However, leukemoid reactions can resemble more serious conditions such as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), which can present with identical findings on the peripheral blood smear. Historically, various clues including the leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score and the presence of basophilia were used to distinguish CML from a leukemoid reaction. However, at present the test of choice in adults to distinguish CML is an assay for the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome, either via cytogenetics and FISH, or via PCR for the BCR/ABL fusion gene. The LAP (Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase) score is high in reactive states but is low in CML. In cases where the diagnosis is uncertain, a qualified hematologist or oncologist should be consulted. TreatmentTreatment of underlying condition. If drug induced, discontinue drug. If the reaction is found to be from anything besides drug use, certain anti neoplastic drugs may be indicated. See also
References1. ^{{cite book|author1=Ian M. Hann|author2=Owen P. Smith|title=Pediatric hematology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iUnYGCqEc5MC&pg=PA763|accessdate=5 November 2010|date=26 September 2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|isbn=978-1-4051-3400-2|pages=763–}} 2. ^{{cite book | author = Ronald Hoffman| title = Hematology: basic principles and practice | publisher = Elsevier Churchill Livingstone | location = St. Louis, Mo | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-443-06628-0|display-authors=etal}} p. 803. External links{{Medical resources| DiseasesDB = 30101 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|D|72|8|d|70}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|288.62}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 000575 | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D007955 }}{{Myeloid malignancy}}{{Lymphoid malignancy}} 1 : Blood disorders |
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