词条 | Meijin (shogi) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
HistoryThe Meijin institution started in the 17th century (Edo period), and for around 300 years (1612–1937) was a hereditary title that was passed from the reigning Meijin upon his retirement or death to another selected from three families, as deemed to be worthy.[2][3] This is known as the Lifetime Meijin system (終生名人制). In 1935, however, the Japan Shogi Association, or JSA, announced that it was abolishing the existing system of succession in favor of something more short-term and reflective of actual playing strength, known as the Real Strength Meijin system (実力名人制). In 1937, the reigning 13th Meijin {{Interlanguage link multi|Kinjiro Sekine|ja|3=関根金次郎|vertical-align=sup}}, who had received his title under the old system and was 70 years old at the time, voluntarily gave up his title so that a new Meijin could be decided through actual tournament play. Later that year Yoshio Kimura, who was a student of Sekine, became the first Meijin to gain the title based upon actual performance by winning a tournament which included eight other top players. From 1937 to 1947, the challenger for the Meijin title was determined through tournaments involving a select number of players. Finally, in 1947, the JSA officially established the preliminary round of {{nihongo|ranking tournaments|順位戦|jun'isen}} that it currently uses.[4] QualifyingThe Meijin title is only open to professional shogi players that are members of the Meijin tournament system. This means that unlike some other tournaments amateur players, women's professional players, and regular professionals outside of the Meijin tournament system are not allowed to compete in the tournament.[5] The Meijin ranking tournaments are divided into five classes (A, B1, B2, C1, C2) and players compete against others within their class in a round-robin tournament throughout the year. Players who perform well during their class tournament may be promoted to the next highest class while those who perform poorly may be relegated to the next lowest one.[6] New professionals are placed at the bottom of Class C2, and the top three players of Class C2 are promoted to Class C1 for the next year. Similarly, the top two players of Classes C1, B2, B1 are promoted to the B2, B1, and A, respectively, for the next year.[6] A new professional, therefore, needs at least five years experience (five successive promotions) after their debut before they can qualify to challenge for the title of Meijin.[7] Lifetime MeijinThe first thirteen {{nihongo|Lifetime Meijins|終生名人|shūsei meijin}} were determined through succession.[8] The Lifetime Meijin as a competitive title, {{Nihongo|2=永世名人|3=eisei meijin}}, was established by the JSA in 1952. Players who capture the Meijin title five times (does not have to be consecutive) qualify to receive this title, but are only officially awarded it upon their retirement or death (with exceptions).[9][10]
Honorary MeijinThe {{nihongo | Honorary Meijin | 名誉名人 | meiyo meijin}} is another Mejin-related title. Only two have received this title, Kensosuke Kosuke in 1936 and Ichitarō Doi in 1954.[16] Posthumous MeijinA special {{nihongo | Posthumous Meijin Meijin | 追贈名人 | tsuizō meijin}} title was given to Sankichi Sakata in 1955 by the Japan Shogi Association after his death in 1945.[17] Sakata, a folk hero for the Osaka area, was known during his heyday for his brilliant, inventive playing but was prevented from a chance of becoming a normal Meijin by circumstances.[18] Sakata is the only person to receive this title. Past winnersBelow is a list of past Meijin title holders from 1937 when the new tournament method for determining the title holder was established. The number in parenthesis represents the culmulative times the player had won the title to date.[19]
Records
Players by Meijin classBelow is a list of professional players grouped by their class for the 77th Meijin league including their rank in dan {{as of|2018|July|22|lc=y}}.[32] The current Meijin title holder is Amahiko Satō (who, therefore, is not listed in the A class below). Other professional players not listed here do not participate in the Meijin league and are known as Free Class (フリークラス furii kurasu) players.[33] There were 24 such players {{as of|2018|July|10|lc=y}}.
See also
Notes{{notelist|2}}References1. ^There is also an unrelated Amateur Meijin title that is awarded each year to the winner of the Amateur Meijin Tournament. 2. ^{{cite web|script-title=ja:組織概要: 創立・沿革 |url=http://www.shogi.or.jp/aboutus/history.html |language=Japanese |trans-title=Organization outline: Founding and history |publisher=Japan Shogi Association|accessdate=29 September 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006120701/http://www.shogi.or.jp/aboutus/history.html |archivedate=6 October 2014 |df= }} 3. ^{{cite web|script-title=ja:将棋の略史:家元の成立 |language=Japanese|trans-title=Brief history of Shogi: The Iemoto system|url=http://www.shogi.or.jp/kansai/museum/ryakusi.html|publisher=Japan Shogi Association, Kansai Headquarter|accessdate=29 September 2014}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shogi.or.jp/kisen/junni/index.html|script-title=ja:名人戦・順位戦|language=japanese|trans-title=The Meijin Match and Jun'isen|publisher=Japan Shogi Association|accessdate=26 May 2014}} 5. ^For instance, the Ryūō title allows one top amateur player and one top women's professional to compete in the lowest bracket of the Ryūō tournament. 6. ^1 {{cite AV media|script-title=ja:将棋界の一番長い日: 第73期A級順位戦最終局|title=Shōgikai no Ichiban Nagai Hi: Dai Nanajūsanki A Kyū Jun'isen Saishūkyoku|language=Japanese|trans-title= Shogi's Longest Day: The Final Round of the 73rd Class A Ranking Class|medium=Television production|date=29 March 2015|time=8:33|publisher=NHK Educational TV|quote=順位戦は全部で5つのクラスがあります。その中で一番上がA級です。そしてA級優勝者が名人に挑戦します。そして, 順位戦は各クラスとも一年間のリーグ戦です...成績上位者は上のクラスに行くことができるんですが, 成績が悪いと降級してしまういうわけなんです。[There are a total of 5 ranking classes. Class A is the top class and the winner earns the right to challenge the current Meijin. Each of the ranking classes lasts one year. Those who finish at the top of their respective class may be promoted to the next highest class, and those who finish at the bottom may be relegated to the next lowest class.}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shogi.or.jp/kisen/junni/kitei.html|script-title=ja:順位戦について|language=Japanese|trans-title=About the Jun'isen|publisher=日本将棋連盟|accessdate=26 May 2014}} 8. ^{{cite book | last=Hosking | first=Tony | title=The art of shogi | year=1997 | publisher=The Shogi Foundation | isbn=978-0-95310-890-9}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shogi.or.jp/faq/index.html#kisen|script-title=ja:永世称号の規定はどうなっているのでしょうか。|language=Japanese|trans-title=What are the requirements for "lifetime titles"?|publisher=日本将棋連盟|accessdate=26 May 2014}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shogi.or.jp/kisen/junni/index.html#result|script-title=ja:歴代名人一覧|language=Japanese|trans-title=List of Lifetime Meijin|publisher=日本将棋連盟|accessdate=26 May 2014}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shogi.or.jp/topics/news/2007/11/post_119.html|script-title=ja:中原 誠永世十段・名誉王座が永世名人(十六世名人)を襲位|language=Japanese|trans-title=Makoto Nakahara, Lifetime 10 dan and Lifetime Oza, awarded Lifetime Meijin title (16th Lifetime Meijin)|publisher=日本将棋連盟|date=9 November 2007|accessdate=30 September 2014}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shogi.or.jp/topics/news/2009/03/post_91.html|script-title=ja:中原誠十六世名人が引退へ|language=Japanese|trans-title=Makoto Nakahara, 16th Lifetime Meijin, announces retirement|publisher=日本将棋連盟|date=12 March 2009|accessdate=30 September 2014}} 13. ^{{cite news|author=|url=http://www.asahi.com/shougi/topics/TKY201109060298.html|script-title=ja:谷川九段, 詰将棋ベスト100 永世名人作品集|language=Japanese|trans-title=Tanigawa 9-dan, Tsume Shogi Best 100: Lifetime Meijin's Collection|website=Asahi Shimbun Digital|date=6 September 2011|accessdate=1 October 2014}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shogi.or.jp/topics/news/2007/06/post_136.html|script-title=ja:森内俊之名人、十八世名人の資格を獲得|language=Japanese|trans-title=Moriuchi Meijin qualifies for 18th Lifetime Meijin title|publisher=日本将棋連盟|date=30 June 2007|accessdate=1 October 2014}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shogi.or.jp/topics/news/2008/06/post_60.html|script-title=ja:羽生善治、十九世名人の資格を獲得|language=Japanese|trans-title=Yoshiharu Habu qualifies for 19th Lifetime Meijin title|publisher=日本将棋連盟|date=17 June 2008|accessdate=1 October 2014}} 16. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.shogi.or.jp/kisen/junni/index.html#result | script-title=ja:名人戦・順位戦過去の結果 | language=Japanese | trans-title=Meijin match and Jun'isen past results | publisher=Japan Shogi Association | accessdate=15 March 2019 }} 17. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.shogi.or.jp/kisen/junni/index.html#result | script-title=ja:名人戦・順位戦過去の結果 | language=Japanese | trans-title=Meijin match and Jun'isen past results | publisher=Japan Shogi Association | accessdate=15 March 2019 }} 18. ^{{cite book | last=Fairbairn | first=John | title=Shogi for beginners | year=1986 | edition=2nd | page=147 | publisher=Ishi Press | ref=harv | isbn=978-4-8718-720-10}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shogi.or.jp/kisen/junni/index.html#result|script-title=ja:名人戦・順位戦過去の結果|language=Japanese|trans-title=Meijin match and Jun'isen past results|publisher=Japan Shogi Association|accessdate=26 May 2014}} 20. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.shogi.or.jp/kisen/junni/index.html#result | script-title=ja:名人戦・順位戦過去の結果 | language=Japanese | trans-title=Meijin match and Jun'isen past results | publisher=Japan Shogi Association | accessdate=21 March 2019}} 21. ^{{cite news|author=|url=http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXNASDG22064_S1A620C1CR8000/|script-title=ja:森内, 4期ぶり名人返り咲き 将棋名人戦で羽生下す|title=Moriuchi, Yonkiburi Mejin Kaerizaki Shōgi Meijinsen de Habu Kudasu|language=Japanese|trans-title=Moruichi defeats Habu to reclaim Meijin title after losing it 4 years ago|date=22 June 2011|newspaper=The Nikkei|agency=Kyodo News|accessdate=10 January 2010}} 22. ^{{cite news|last=Murase|first=Shinya|url=http://www.asahi.com/shougi/news/TKY201206130616.html|script-title=ja:将棋名人戦, 森内名人が防衛 第6局制し4勝2敗|title=Shōgi Meijinsen, Moriuchi Meijin ga Bōei Dairokkyoku Seishi Yonshō Nihai|language=Japanese|trans-title=Shogi Meijin match: Moriuchi wins Game 6 to win match 4-2 and defend title|date=13 June 2012|newspaper=Asahi Shimbun|accessdate=10 January 2016}} 23. ^{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.shogi.or.jp/match/junni/2012/71a/7game.html|script-title=ja:第71期名人戦・順位戦 七番勝負|title=Dai Nanajūikki Meijinsen / Jun'isen Nanaban Shōbu|language=Japanese|trans-title=71st Meijin Match / Challenger Tournament|publisher=Japan Shogi Association|accessdate=10 January 2016}} 24. ^{{cite news|last=Yamamura|first=Hideki|url=http://mainichi.jp/feature/news/20140522k0000m040066000c.html| |script-title=ja:名人戦:羽生4連勝で4冠に 新たな「平成伝説」誕生|title=Meijinsen: Habu Yonrenshō de Yonkan ni Aratana "Heisei Densetsu" Tanjō|language=Japanese|trans-title=Meijin Match: Habu wins four in a row, becomes a 4 crown. A new Heisei legend is born.|date=21 May 2014|newspaper=Mainichi Shimbun |accessdate=22 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522050436/http://mainichi.jp/feature/news/20140522k0000m040066000c.html |archivedate=22 May 2014}} 25. ^{{cite news|last=Fukamatsu|first=Shinji|url=http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASH5Y7VLWH5YUCVL02Z.html|script-title=ja:羽生名人 「スローペースの戦いだった」防衛戦から一夜|title=Habu Meijin 'Surōpēsu no Tatakai datta' Bōeisen kara Hitoya|date=30 May 2015|language=Japanese|trans-title=Habu Meijin One Night After Defending Title: "The games were all slow paced"|newspaper=Asahi Shimbun|accessdate=31 May 2015}} 26. ^{{cite news|last=Yamamura|first=Hideki|url=http://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20160601/p2a/00m/0na/007000c|title=Amahiko Sato beats Yoshiharu Habu to capture Meijin title in his first attempt|date=1 June 2016|newspaper=Mainichi Shimbun|accessdate=3 April 2017}} 27. ^{{cite news|author=|url=http://www.asahi.com/articles/DA3S12386591.html|script-title=ja:28歳佐藤, 新名人に 羽生破り初タイトル 将棋名人戦|title=Nijū-hassai Satō, Shin Meijin ni Habu Yaburi Hatsu Taitoru Shōgi Meijin-sen|language=Japanese|trans-title=28-year-old Sato defeats Habu to win first major title and become new Meijin|date=1 June 2016|newspaper=Asahi Shimbun|accessdate=3 June 2016}} 28. ^{{cite news|last=Murase|first=Shinya|url=http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASK665DH5K66PTFC015.html|script-title=ja:佐藤名人, 20代対決制し初防衛 将棋名人戦七番勝負|title=Satō Meijin, Nijūdai Taiketsu Seishi Hatsubōei Shōgi Meijinsen Nanaban Shōbu|language=Japanese|trans-title=Shogi Meijin 7-game match: Satō Meijin wins the battle of the 20-somethings to defend title for first time|newspaper=Asahi Shimbun|date=6 June 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606160503/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASK665DH5K66PTFC015.html|archive-date=6 June 2017|access-date=10 July 2018}} 29. ^{{cite news|last=Yamamura|first=Hideki|url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20180621/k00/00m/040/130000c|script-title=ja:佐藤が3連覇 4勝2敗で羽生降す|title=Satō ga Sanrenpa Yonshō Nihai de Habu Kudasu|language=ja|trans-title=Satō wins for third consecutive time, defeats Habu 4 games to 2|newspaper=Mainichi Shimbun|date=20 June 2018|access-date=21 June 2018}} 30. ^{{cite news|author=|date=18 December 2012|script-title=ja:米長邦雄さん死去 将棋永世棋聖・元名人|trans-title=Lifetime Kisei and former Meijin Kunio Yonenaga dies. |url=http://www.asahi.com/shougi/news/TKY201212180077.html|language=Japanese|newspaper=朝日新聞 Digital|location=Tokyo, Japan|publisher=Asahi Shimbun|accessdate=26 May 2014}} 31. ^{{cite news|last=山村|first=英樹|date=22 May 2014|script-title=ja:名人戦:羽生、4戦全勝で奪取 史上初3回目返り咲き|trans-title=Meijin Match: Habu wins four of four to take title, first player in history to recapture title three times.|url=http://mainichi.jp/feature/news/20140522k0000m040055000c.html|language=Japanese|newspaper=毎日新聞|location=Tokyo, Japan|publisher=Mainichi Newspapers|accessdate=26 May 2014}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shogi.or.jp/player/|script-title=ja:棋士データベース|title=Kishi Dētābēsu|trans-title=Player database|language=Japanese|publisher=Japan Shogi Association|accessdate=11 September 2017}} 33. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.shogi.or.jp/match/junni/rules.html#free|script-title=ja:フリークラス棋士一覧(2017年6月1日現在)|title=Furīkurasu Kishi (Nisenjūnananen Rokugatsu Tsuitachi Genzai)|trans-title=List Free Class Players (As of 1 June 2017)|language=Japanese|publisher=Japan Shogi Association|accessdate=11 September 2017}} 34. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.shogi.or.jp/match/junni/2018/77a/index.html | script-title=ja:第77期名人戦・順位戦 A級|title=Dai Nanajūnanaki Meijinsen Jun'isen A Kyū| trans-title=77th Meijin League Class A |language=Japanese|publisher=Japan Shogi Association | accessdate=10 July 2018}} 35. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.shogi.or.jp/match/junni/2018/77b1/index.html | script-title=ja:第77期名人戦・順位戦 B級1組 | title=Dai Nanajūnanaki Meijinsen Jun'isen B Kyū Ichi kumi | trans-title=77th Meijin League Class B1|language=Japanese|publisher=Japan Shogi Association|accessdate=10 July 2018}} 36. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.shogi.or.jp/match/junni/2018/77b2/index.html | script-title=ja:第77期名人戦・順位戦 B級2組 | title=Dai Nanajūnanaki Meijinsen Jun'isen B Kyū Ni Kumi | trans-title=77th Meijin League Class B2 |language=Japanese|publisher=Japan Shogi Association | accessdate=10 July 2018}} 37. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.shogi.or.jp/match/junni/2018/77c1/index.html | script-title=ja:第77期名人戦・順位戦 C級1組 | title=Dai Nanajūnanaki Meijinsen Jun'isen C Kyū Ichi Kumi | trans-title=77th Meijin League Class C1 |language=Japanese|publisher=Japan Shogi Association|accessdate=16 July 2018}} 38. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.shogi.or.jp/match/junni/2018/77c2/index.html | script-title=ja:第77期名人戦・順位戦 C級2組 | title=Dai Nanajūnanaki Meijinsen Jun'isen C Kyū Ni Kumi | trans-title=77th Meijin League Class C2 | language=Japanese|publisher=Japan Shogi Association|accessdate=22 July 2018}} External links
2 : Shogi tournaments|Meijin (shogi) |
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