| 词条 | Melaleuca halmaturorum |
| 释义 |
|name = Swamp paperbark |image = Melaleuca halmaturorum (habit).JPG |image_caption = Melaleuca halmaturorum growing on the edge of a salt lake near Hyden. |genus = Melaleuca |species = halmaturorum |authority = F.Muell. ex Miq. |synonyms_ref = [1] |synonyms =
}} Melaleuca halmaturorum, commonly known as South Australian swamp paperbark, kangaroo honey-myrtle or salt paper-bark is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to Western Australia, South Australia and Victoria. It is often a tree with an unusual, crooked form, sometimes looking like an enlarged example of bonsai. DescriptionMelaleuca halmaturorum is a slow growing shrub or small tree, eventually growing to {{convert|6-8|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} tall, often with a crooked, straggling, irregular or untidy form and creamy-grey, papery bark. Its leaves are dark green, glabrous and arranged in alternate pairs at right angles to the ones above and below (decussate), so that there are four rows of leaves along the stem. The leaves are linear to lance-shaped, {{convert|2.6-9|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|0.7-1.8|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide, with many distinct oil glands on the lower surface and a stalk about {{convert|1|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long.[1][2][3]The flowers are white or cream and arranged in heads, sometimes on the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering but also in the upper leaf axils. The heads are up to {{convert|15|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} in diameter and contain up to five individual flowers. The flower buds are surrounded by brown, papery bracts which fall off as the flowers open. The petals are {{convert|2-4|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and fall off as the flowers age. The stamens are arranged in bundles of five around the flower, usually with 6 to 17 stamens in each bundle. Flowering occurs from August to October and the fruit which follow are woody, cup-shaped capsules {{convert|3-5.5|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and wide in loose clusters along the stem. The clusters remain in place for several seasons.[1][2][3] Taxonomy and namingFerdinand von Mueller was the first to give a formal description of Melaleuca halmaturorum but his description was not validly published. The first formal, valid description was by the Dutch botanist, Friedrich Miquel in 1856 and published in Nederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief.[4][5] The type specimen was collected "Ad flumen three-Wells-river insulae Halmaturorum",[5] a Latin phrase meaning "near the Three Wells River on Kangaroo Island". Halmaturus was an earlier name for a genus of kangaroo.[6] Three Wells River was later named the Morgan, then the Cygnet.[7] The specific epithet (halmaturorum) refers to Kangaroo Island where the type specimen was collected.[1]Distribution and habitatMelaleuca halmaturorum occurs in southern parts of Western Australia, South Australia and Victoria. In Western Australia it is found in the Eremaean and South-West botanical provinces.[8][9] In South Australia it occurs in the Eyre Peninsula, Murray, Yorke Peninsula, Southern Lofty, Kangaroo Island and South-Eastern bioregions.[3][10] In Victoria it occurs in the Mallee, Loddon Murray, Central and Northern and Wimmera bioregions but is becoming rare due to invasion by tall wheat grass (Lophopyrum ponticum).[11][12][13] Melaleuca halmaturorum is salt tolerant and often found in swampy, waterlogged areas such as estuaries, coastal dunes and the fringes of salt lakes.[14]ConservationThis melaleuca is listed as "not threatened" (in Western Australia) by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.[8] Use in horticultureMelaleuca halmaturorum is a very hardy plant in full sun.[15] It is often used in revegetation to remediate and stabilise saline sites.[14]References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last1=Brophy|first1=Joseph J.|last2=Craven|first2=Lyndley A.|last3=Doran|first3=John C.|title=Melaleucas : their botany, essential oils and uses|date=2013|publisher=Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research|location=Canberra|isbn=9781922137517|page=186}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q13648196}}2. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Holliday|first1=Ivan|title=Melaleucas : a field and garden guide|date=2004|publisher=Reed New Holland Publishers|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1876334983|pages=132–133|edition=2nd}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Melaleuca halmaturorum|url=http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/speciesfacts_display.cgi?form=speciesfacts&family=&genus=Melaleuca&species=halmaturorum&iname=&submit=Display|publisher=State herbarium of South Australia: electronic flora of South Australia|accessdate=6 May 2015}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Miquel|first1=Friedrich|title=Stirpes Novo-Hollandas a Ferd Mullero collectas determinavit.|journal=Nederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief|date=1856|volume=4|issue=1|page=122|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107019#page/162/mode/1up|accessdate=6 May 2015}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|title=Melaleuca halmaturorum|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/boa/instance/apni/512385|publisher=APNI|accessdate=6 May 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Macropus (Notamacropus) agilis|url=http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=162531|publisher=The Paleobiology database|accessdate=6 May 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Kangaroo Island before 1836|url=http://boundforsouthaustralia.net.au/journey-content/kangaroo-island-before-1836.html|publisher=History South Australia|accessdate=6 May 2015}} 8. ^1 {{FloraBase|name=Melaleuca halmaturorum|id = 5916}} 9. ^{{cite book|last1=Paczkowska|first1=Grazyna|last2=Chapman|first2=Alex R.|title=The Western Australian flora : a descriptive catalogue|date=2000|publisher=Wildflower Society of Western Australia|location=Perth|isbn=0646402439|page=394}} 10. ^{{cite book|last1=Thackway|first1=R.|last2=Cresswell|first2=I. D.|title=An interim biogeographic regionalisation for Australia : a framework for setting priorities in the National Reserves System Cooperative Program|date=1995|publisher=Australian Nature Conservation Agency, Reserve Systems Unit|location=Canberra|isbn=0642213712|edition=Version 4.0}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Melaleuca halmaturorum`|url=http://vro.depi.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/water_sss_kangaroo_island|publisher=Government of Victoria Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources|accessdate=7 May 2015}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/5750a78a-d073-4e8f-9861-2b06a6ca8f7b|title=Melaleuca halmaturorum|last=Messina|first=Andre|date=|website=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria - vicflora|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=15 October 2017}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/87ef6ac7-da62-4a45-90ec-0d473863f3e6/files/nomination-tall-wheat-grass-invasion.pdf|title=Tall wheat grass (Lophopyrum ponticum) invasion|last=|first=|date=|website=Australian Government Department of the Environment|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=15 October 2017}} 14. ^1 {{cite web|title=Melaleuca halmaturorum|url=http://www.florabank.org.au/lucid/key/species%20navigator/media/html/Melaleuca_halmaturorum.htm|publisher=Florabank|accessdate=7 May 2015}} 15. ^{{cite book|last1=Wrigley ;|first1=John W.|last2=Fagg|first2=Murray|title=Australian native plants : a manual for their propagation, cultivation and use in landscaping|date=1983|publisher=Collins|location=Sydney|isbn=0002165759|page=264|edition=2}} 6 : Melaleuca|Myrtales of Australia|Rosids of Western Australia|Flora of South Australia|Trees of Australia|Plants described in 1856 |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。