| 词条 | Melaleuca lanceolata |
| 释义 |
|name = Black paperbark |image = Melaleuca lanceolata.jpg |image_caption = M. lanceolata in Maranoa Gardens, Victoria |genus = Melaleuca |species = lanceolata |range_map=Melaleucalanceolata1.png |range_map_caption=Collections data for M. lanceolata from the Australasian Virtual Herbarium |authority = Otto |synonyms_ref = [1] |synonyms =
}} Melaleuca lanceolata commonly known as black paperbark, moonah, Rottnest Island teatree and western black tea tree is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is native to Australia where it occurs in Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland. It is a densely foliaged tree with rough bark, which flowers prolifically in summer. DescriptionMelaleuca lanceolata is a large shrub or small tree growing up to {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} tall, with rough, dark grey bark on a trunk that is often twisted and bent by the effects of wind. Its branchlets and leaves are covered with soft, silky hairs when young but become glabrous as they mature. The leaves are arranged alternately, {{convert|3.1-12.5|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|0.7-1.9|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide, linear to narrow elliptic in shape with a concave upper surface.[1][2][3]The flowers are white or cream coloured and arranged in spikes on the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering, sometimes also in the upper leaf axils. The spikes are up to {{convert|60|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|23|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} in diameter and contain 3 to 12 groups of flowers in threes. The petals are {{convert|1.5-3|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and fall off as the flower ages. The stamens are arranged in five bundles around the flowers with 7 to 20 stamens per bundle. The flowering season is mainly in summer but flowers may also appear randomly through the year. The fruit that follow are smooth, almost spherical woody capsules {{convert|3-7.5|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long that are spaced along the branches.[1][2][3] Taxonomy and namingMelaleuca lanceolata was first formally in 1820 described by Christoph Friedrich Otto in Horae Physicae Berolinensis.[4][5] The specific epithet (lanceolata) is a Latin word meaning "lancelike",[6] referring to the shape of the leaves.[1]Four subspecies have been proposed for M. lanceolata - lanceolata, occidentalis, planifolia and thaeroides but Lyndley Craven suggested that "until the morphological and geographic limits of the morphs are more fully known, the complex is best treated as a single taxon". The four subspecies are recognised by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.[1][7][8][9][10] Distribution and habitatMelaleuca lanceolata occurs in Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland in mallee or open woodland.[3] In Western Australia it is sometimes a garden escapee and has become established in bushland outside of its natural range. It is common on coastal dunes and cliffs but also inland where it grows near creeks and rivers.[11][12]ConservationThis species is classified as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.[11] UsesHorticultureThis is a free-flowering shrub or tree and is useful as an ornamental or maintenance free street tree. It is suitable as a screen or hedge.[13] It is hardy, resistant to salt spray and suited to most soils but needs full sun to reach its potential.[14] AgricultureMoonah makes an excellent windbreak or shelterbelt or shade for stock. It is good for fence posts and the flowers are attractive to wildlife. The pollen has value in beekeeping.[13] References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last1=Brophy|first1=Joseph J.|last2=Craven|first2=Lyndley A.|last3=Doran|first3=John C.|title=Melaleucas : their botany, essential oils and uses|date=2013|publisher=Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research|pages=211–212|location=Canberra|isbn=9781922137517}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q151039}}2. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Holliday|first1=Ivan|title=Melaleucas : a field and garden guide|date=2004|publisher=Reed New Holland Publishers|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1876334983|pages=154–155|edition=2nd}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|last1=Wilson|first1=Peter G.|title=Melaleuca lanceolata|url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Melaleuca~lanceolata|publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney:PlantNet|accessdate=12 May 2015}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Otto|first1=Christoph Friedrich|title=Plantae rariores quae in Horto Regio Berolinensi a mense Ianuario ad ultimum Maium anni 1819 floruere|journal=Horae Physicae Berolinensis|date=1820|page=36|url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?view=image;size=100;id=hvd.32044106428816;page=root;seq=62;num=36|accessdate=12 May 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Melaleuca lanceolata|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/boa/instance/apni/512947|publisher=APNI|accessdate=12 May 2015}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page = 735}} 7. ^{{WCSP | 123716 | Melaleuca lanceolata subsp. lanceolata}} 8. ^{{WCSP | 123717 | Melaleuca lanceolata subsp. occidentalis}} 9. ^{{WCSP | 123718 | Melaleuca lanceolata subsp. planifolia}} 10. ^{{WCSP | 123719 | Melaleuca lanceolata subsp. thaeroides}} 11. ^1 {{FloraBase|name=Melaleuca lanceolata|id = 5922}} 12. ^{{cite web |last1=Messina |first1=Andre |title=Melaleuca lanceolata |url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/915ac5c3-27a2-474d-b250-c76782e2e3bb |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria |accessdate=16 August 2018}} 13. ^1 {{cite web|title=Melaleuca lanceolata|url=http://www.florabank.org.au/lucid/key/species%20navigator/media/html/Melaleuca_lanceolata.htm|publisher=Florabank|accessdate=12 May 2015}} 14. ^{{cite book|last1=Wrigley|first1=John W.|last2=Fagg|first2=Murray|title=Australian native plants : a manual for their propagation, cultivation and use in landscaping|date=1983|publisher=Collins|location=Sydney|isbn=0002165759|edition=2}} 12 : Flora of New South Wales|Trees of Australia|Flora of Queensland|Flora of South Australia|Flora of Victoria (Australia)|Rosids of Western Australia|Melaleuca|Myrtales of Australia|Trees of mild maritime climate|Trees of Mediterranean climate|Rottnest Island|Plants described in 1820 |
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