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词条 Lewy body
释义

  1. History

  2. Cell biology

  3. Lewy neurites

  4. Society and culture

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. External links

{{short description|Spherical inclusion commonly found in damaged neurons}}Lewy bodies are abnormal aggregates of protein that develop inside nerve cells, contributing to Parkinson's disease (PD), the Lewy body dementias (Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies), and some other disorders. They are also seen in cases of multiple system atrophy, particularly the parkinsonian variant.[1]

They are identified under the microscope when histology is performed on the brain. Lewy bodies appear as spherical masses that displace other cell components. Lewy bodies may be found in the brainstem (within the substantia nigra) or within the cortex. A classical Lewy body is an eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion consisting of a dense core surrounded by a halo of 10-nm-wide radiating fibrils, the primary structural component of which is alpha-synuclein. Cortical Lewy bodies are also composed of alpha-synuclein fibrils, but are less defined and lack halos. In histopathology, cortical Lewy bodies are a distinguishing feature for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), but may occasionally be seen in ballooned neurons characteristic of Pick's disease and corticobasal degeneration,[2] as well as in patients with other tauopathies.[3]

History

In 1910, Fritz Heinrich Lewy was studying in Berlin for his doctorate.[4] He was the first doctor to notice that some unusual proteins in the brain make some people act and think differently, but as of that time, scientists had not been able to determine the purpose of these proteins. His discovery became known as Lewy bodies, as published in the Handbook of Neurology in 1912,[5] comparing them to earlier findings by Gonzalo Rodríguez Lafora.[6] In 1913, Lafora described another case, and acknowledged Lewy as the discoverer, naming them cuerpos intracelulares de Lewy (Lewy bodies).[6] Konstantin Nikolaevich Trétiakoff found them in 1919 in the substantia nigra of PD brains, called them corps de Lewy and is credited with the eponym.[6] Eliasz Engelhardt argued in 2017 that Lafora should be credited with the eponym, because he named them six years before Trétiakoff.[6] In 1923, Lewy published his findings in a book, The Study on Muscle Tone and Movement. Including Systematic Investigations on the Clinic, Physiology, Pathology, and Pathogenesis of Paralysis agitans.[7]

According to the Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, Dr. Lewy became interested in studying more about the brain (neurology), because of the discovery that Alois Alzheimer made in 1906. The article mentions that the third reported case of Alzheimer's disease had histological structures that happened to be similar to Lewy body histology slides, but the contribution was not given to Lewy's finding.[8]

Cell biology

A Lewy body is composed of the protein alpha-synuclein associated with other proteins, such as ubiquitin,[10] neurofilament protein, and alpha B crystallin. Tau proteins may also be present, and Lewy bodies may occasionally be surrounded by neurofibrillary tangles.[11][12] Lewy bodies and neurofibrillary tangles can occasionally exist in the same neuron, particularly in the amygdala.[13]

Lewy bodies are believed to represent an aggresome response in the cell.[14]

Lewy neurites

Lewy neurites are abnormal neurites in diseased neurons, containing granular material and abnormal α-synuclein filaments similar to those found in Lewy bodies.[15] Like Lewy bodies, Lewy neurites are a feature of α-synucleinopathies such as dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease, and multiple system atrophy.[16] They are also found in the CA2-3 region of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease.[16]

Society and culture

{{further|Lewy body dementia#Society and culture}}

In the premiere episode of Boss, Dr. Ella Harris tells Chicago Mayor Tom Kane he has dementia with Lewy bodies, and his progressing symptoms are shown in each episode. In the novel The Almost Sisters by Joshilyn Jackson, one of the main characters has the disease. Academy Award winning actor Robin Williams had been diagnosed with this disease in 2014, which may have been a factor in his subsequent suicide that year.

See also

  • Proteopathy

References

1. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Jellinger KA | title = More frequent Lewy bodies but less frequent Alzheimer-type lesions in multiple system atrophy as compared to age-matched control brains | journal = Acta Neuropathologica | volume = 114 | issue = 3 | pages = 299–303 | date = September 2007 | pmid = 17476513 | doi = 10.1007/s00401-007-0227-4 | url = http://www.springerlink.com/content/03j1p2032866847h }}
2. ^{{cite book | vauthors = Dickson DW, Feany MB, Yen SH, Mattiace LA, Davies P | title = Cytoskeletal pathology in non-Alzheimer degenerative dementia: new lesions in diffuse Lewy body disease, Pick's disease, and corticobasal degeneration | journal = Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementum | volume = 47 | pages = 31–46 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8841955 | doi = 10.1007/978-3-7091-6892-9_2 | series = Journal of Neural Transmission Supplement | isbn = 978-3-211-82823-6 }}
3. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Popescu A, Lippa CF, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ | title = Lewy bodies in the amygdala: increase of alpha-synuclein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases with tau-based inclusions | journal = Archives of Neurology | volume = 61 | issue = 12 | pages = 1915–9 | date = December 2004 | pmid = 15596612 | doi = 10.1001/archneur.61.12.1915 | author9 = Anca Popescu, MD; Carol F. Lippa, MD; Virginia M.-Y. Lee, PhD; John Q. Trojanowski, MD, PhD }}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2182.html|title=Whonamedit?|last=Lewy|first=Friedrich|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.medmerits.com/index.php/article/dementia_with_lewy_bodies/P1|title=Dementia with Lewy bodies|last=Hake MD|first=Ann Marie|date=|website=MEDMERITS TM|publisher=|access-date=}}
6. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal | vauthors = Engelhardt E | title = Lafora and Trétiakoff: the naming of the inclusion bodies discovered by Lewy | journal = Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria | volume = 75 | issue = 10 | pages = 751–753 | date = October 2017 | pmid = 29166468 | doi = 10.1590/0004-282X20170116 | url = http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-282X2017001000751&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en | type = Historical article }}
7. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Engelhardt E, Gomes MD | title = Lewy and his inclusion bodies: Discovery and rejection | journal = Dementia & Neuropsychologia | volume = 11 | issue = 2 | pages = 198–201 | date = 2017 | pmid = 29213511 | pmc = 5710688 | doi = 10.1590/1980-57642016dn11-020012 }}
8. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = García-Albea E, Pérez Trullen JM | title = The Spanish school of neurology and the first American cases of Alzheimer's disease | journal = Journal of the History of the Neurosciences | volume = 12 | issue = 4 | pages = 437–45 | date = December 2003 | pmid = 15069873| doi = 10.1076/jhin.12.4.437.27919 }}
9. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Braak H, Del Tredici K, Rüb U, de Vos RA, Jansen Steur EN, Braak E | title = Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease | journal = Neurobiology of Aging | volume = 24 | issue = 2 | pages = 197–211 | date = March–April 2003 | pmid = 12498954 | doi = 10.1016/S0197-4580(02)00065-9 }}
10. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Engelender S | title = Ubiquitination of alpha-synuclein and autophagy in Parkinson's disease | journal = Autophagy | volume = 4 | issue = 3 | pages = 372–4 | date = April 2008 | pmid = 18216494 | doi = 10.4161/auto.5604 | url = http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/auto/abstract.php?id=5604 }}
11. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Ishizawa T, Mattila P, Davies P, Wang D, Dickson DW | title = Colocalization of tau and alpha-synuclein epitopes in Lewy bodies | journal = Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology | volume = 62 | issue = 4 | pages = 389–97 | date = April 2003 | pmid = 12722831 | url = http://jnen.oxfordjournals.org/content/62/4/389.long }}
12. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Arima K, Hirai S, Sunohara N, Aoto K, Izumiyama Y, Uéda K, Ikeda K, Kawai M | title = Cellular co-localization of phosphorylated tau- and NACP/alpha-synuclein-epitopes in lewy bodies in sporadic Parkinson's disease and in dementia with Lewy bodies | journal = Brain Research | volume = 843 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 53–61 | date = October 1999 | pmid = 10528110 | doi = 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01848-X | author9 = Arima K, Hirai S, Sunohara N, Aoto K, Izumiyama Y, Uéda K, Ikeda K, Kawai M. }}
13. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Schmidt ML, Martin JA, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ | title = Convergence of Lewy bodies and neurofibrillary tangles in amygdala neurons of Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body disorders | journal = Acta Neuropathologica | volume = 91 | issue = 5 | pages = 475–81 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8740227 | doi = 10.1007/s004010050454 }}
14. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Tanaka M, Kim YM, Lee G, Junn E, Iwatsubo T, Mouradian MM | title = Aggresomes formed by alpha-synuclein and synphilin-1 are cytoprotective | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 6 | pages = 4625–31 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 14627698 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M310994200 | url = http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=14627698 }}
15. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Spillantini MG, Crowther RA, Jakes R, Hasegawa M, Goedert M | title = alpha-Synuclein in filamentous inclusions of Lewy bodies from Parkinson's disease and dementia with lewy bodies | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 95 | issue = 11 | pages = 6469–73 | date = May 1998 | pmid = 9600990 | pmc = 27806 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.95.11.6469 }}
16. ^1 {{cite journal | vauthors = Marui W, Iseki E, Kato M, Akatsu H, Kosaka K | title = Pathological entity of dementia with Lewy bodies and its differentiation from Alzheimer's disease | journal = Acta Neuropathologica | volume = 108 | issue = 2 | pages = 121–8 | date = August 2004 | pmid = 15235805 | doi = 10.1007/s00401-004-0869-4 }}

External links

{{Commons category|Lewy bodies}}
  • Lewy Body Dementia Association
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lewy Body}}

3 : Lewy body dementia|Parkinson's disease|Neuropathology
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