词条 | Lexmark |
释义 |
| name = Lexmark International, Inc. | logo = Lexmark-primary-logo.svg | logo_caption = Logo used 2015–present | type = Private | founded = {{Start date and age|1991}} | predecessor = Printer and printer supply operations of IBM | location = Lexington, Kentucky, U.S | area_served = Worldwide | owners = {{Unbulleted list|Apex {{Small|(51%)}}|PAG Asia Capital {{Small|(43%)}}|Legend Holdings {{Small|(6%)}}}} | products = {{Unbulleted list|Business process management|Document management system|Enterprise Content Management|Managed Print Services|Enterprise output management|Printers|Toner}} | revenue = {{Increase}} {{US$|3.711 billion|link=yes}} {{Small|(2014)}}[1] | operating_income = {{Decrease}} {{US$|149.2 million}} {{Small|(2014)}}[1] | net_income = {{Decrease}} {{US$|79 million}} {{Small|(2014)}}[1] | assets = {{Increase}} {{US$|3.633 billion}} {{Small|(2014)}}[1] | equity = {{Decrease}} {{US$|1.281 billion}} {{Small|(2014)}}[1] | num_employees = 9000 {{Small|(Jul 2018)}}[6] | homepage = {{URL|lexmark.com}} }}Lexmark International, Inc. is a Chinese-owned, privately held American company [2] that manufactures laser printers and imaging products. The company is headquartered in Lexington, Kentucky. Since 2016 it has been jointly owned by a consortium of three Chinese companies: Apex Technology, PAG Asia Capital, and Legend Capital.[3] HistoryLexmark was formed on March 27, 1991 when IBM divested a number of its hardware manufacturing operations, including printer and printer supply operations, to the investment firm Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, Inc. in a leveraged buyout.[4][5][6][7] Lexmark became a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange on November 15, 1995.[8] It was reported in April 2016 that Lexmark would be acquired by Apex Technology and PAG Asia Capital for $3.6 billion USD. Lexmark was set to be acquired at $40.50 per share in the transaction.[9] Initial talks for the acquisition were begun at the Remax World Expo in 2015.[10] The deal was closed on November 29, 2016. Lexmark stated that its headquarters would remain in Lexington, and that its enterprise software line of business would be spun off and "rebranded" to Kofax.[11] As part of the sale, The Perceptive Business Unit portion of Lexmark's Enterprise Software Services division (e.g. their non-Kofax branded document management products) was sold to the Thoma Brava management group who agreed to in-turn sell the Perceptive Business Unit to the Hyland Corporation.[12] The Kofax branded applications remained as part of Lexmark, but other document management systems like Perceptive Content and NolijWeb and products like Intelligent Capture (formerly "Brainware") and Enterprise Search (formerly "ISYS") were absorbed by Hyland.[13] OperationsThe firm's corporate headquarters is located in Lexington and R&D offices are distributed globally with additional R&D facilities located in Boulder, Colorado, US; Lenexa, Kansas, US; Cebu, Philippines; Kolkata, West Bengal, India; Berlin, Germany; Stockholm, Sweden[14] and Irvine, California, US.[15] Lexmark has offices throughout North and South America, Asia, Africa and Europe. As of July 2018, the company had approximately 9,000 employees worldwide.[16] Acquisitions
Inkjet exitIn August 2012, Lexmark announced that it would stop production of its inkjet printer line.[28][29] Lexmark will continue to provide service, support and aftermarket supplies for its inkjet installed base.[30] In April 2013, Funai Electric Company, Ltd. announced that it had signed an agreement to acquire Lexmark's inkjet technology and assets for approximately $100 million (approximately ¥9.5 billion). Funai acquired more than 1,500 inkjet patents, Lexmark's inkjet-related research and development assets and tools, all outstanding shares and the manufacturing facility of Lexmark International (Philippines), Inc., and other inkjet-related technologies and assets.[31] Legal casesLexmark pioneered the use of profits from ink cartridges as a business model, with the result of modifying the legal models of product ownership and patent exhaustion over several years.[32] A court victory in 2005 was handed to Lexmark in the case of ACRA v. Lexmark. This case states that Lexmark can enforce the "single use only" policy written on the side of Lexmark printer cartridge boxes sold to certain large customers at a discount, with the understanding that the customers will return the cartridges to Lexmark after using them. This means that these customers can face lawsuits if they breach the agreements, and do not return the cartridges. Also in 2005, Lexmark suffered a legal defeat in the case of Lexmark Int'l v. Static Control Components, when the U.S. Supreme Court rejected Lexmark's petition for a writ of certiorari, thereby rejecting their attempt to have the Court hear their case. In this case, the defendant was a manufacturer of microchips that allowed third-party ink and toner cartridges to work on printers, including many manufactured by Lexmark. Such printers incorporated a feature that would require authentication from a microchip within the ink/toner cartridge in order to function; this was designed to prohibit users from refilling the cartridges. However, a recent firmware update allowed Lexmark to prevent end users from refilling ink cartridges or using third-party ink cartridges. Lexmark also lost in the Supreme Court case Impression Products, Inc. v. Lexmark International, Inc. in 1 7-1 ruling that reversed and remanded a Federal Circuit court decision (30 May 2017): {{cquote|When a patentee chooses to sell an item, that product is no longer within the limits of the monopoly and instead becomes the private, individual property of the purchaser, with the rights and benefits that come along with ownership. A patentee is free to set the price and negotiate contracts with purchasers, but may not, by virtue of his patent, control the use or disposition of the product after ownership passes to the purchaser. The sale terminates all patent rights to that item.[33]}}See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web|url= https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1001288/000100128815000013/form10k.htm|title=2014 Form 10-K, Lexmark International, Inc.|publisher=United States Securities and Exchange Commission}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-03/two-years-after-a-chinese-buyout-plunging-bonds-show-junk-risk |title=Two Years After Chinese Buyout, Lexmark Bonds Show Junk Risk |last1=Natarajan |first1=Sridhar |authorlink1=Sridhar Natarajan |last2=Ronalds-Hannon |first2=Eliza |authorlink2=Eliza Ronalds-Hannon |last3=Chan |first3=Cathy |authorlink3=Cathy Chan |publisher=Bloomberg |date=April 3, 2018 |accessdate=November 15, 2018}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://newsroom.lexmark.com/2016-11-29-Lexmark-announces-completion-of-acquisition-by-Apex-Technology-and-PAG-Asia-Capital |title=Lexmark announces completion of acquisition by Apex Technology and PAG Asia Capital |author=Lexmark |date=November 29, 2016 |accessdate=November 15, 2018}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://rulings.cbp.gov/detail.asp?ru=544887&ac=pr|title=Customs Ruling HQ 544887|publisher=U.S. Customs and Border Protection|date=October 2, 1992}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.getfilings.com/o0001001288-97-000006.html|title=Lexmark International Group 1996 annual report, SEC Form 10-K|publisher =Advameg|date=March 24, 1997}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/history/year_1991.html|title=IBM Archives: 1991}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE2D9173CF931A15751C1A967958260|title=The Executive Computer; Can I.B.M. Learn From a Unit It Freed? | work=The New York Times | first=Peter H. | last=Lewis | date=December 22, 1991 | accessdate=May 7, 2010}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/lxk |title=LXK stock quote - Lexmark International, Inc. stock price |publisher=NASDAQ.com |date= |accessdate=April 22, 2013}} 9. ^{{cite news |title=Details Disclosed for Lexmark Acquisition Deal |url=http://www.irecyclingtimes.com/index.php?route=news/news_column/article&news_column_id=8&news_id=6412 |work=RT Recycling Times |date=April 21, 2016 |accessdate=June 12, 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web| title=Former Lexmark Executive Reveals Deal with Ninestar-Apex| url=http://www.irecyclingtimes.com/index.php?route=news/news_column/article&news_column_id=17&news_id=6408| work=RT Recycling Times |date=April 20, 2016|accessdate=August 15, 2016}} 11. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Truman|first1=Cheryl|title=Lexmark acquisition completed: Rooke out, company exits software business|url=http://www.kentucky.com/news/business/article117672023.html|accessdate=January 28, 2017|work=Lexington Herald-Leader|date=November 29, 2016}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2017/05/hyland_software_agrees_to_acqu.html |title=Hyland Software agrees to acquire Lexmark's Perceptive portfolio |work=Cleveland.com }} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Hyland Finalizes it's Acquisition of the Perceptive Business Unit |url=https://naviant.com/hyland-officially-acquires-perceptive/}} 14. ^{{cite web|url= http://phx.corporate-ir.net/External.File?item=UGFyZW50SUQ9NTcxODk3fENoaWxkSUQ9Mjc0ODQ0fFR5cGU9MQ==&t=1 |title=Lexmark 2014 Annual Report |publisher=Lexmark International, Inc. |accessdate=January 19, 2016}} 15. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.kofax.com/company/about-us|title=About Us - Kofax|publisher=|accessdate=January 19, 2016}} 16. ^1 {{cite news |title=Printer company Lexmark plans about 1,000 layoffs |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Printer-company-Lexmark-plans-about-1-000-layoffs-13085827.php |accessdate=August 3, 2018 |work=SFGate |date=July 18, 2018}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.lexmark.com/index.php?s=13630&item=23833 |title=Lexmark Newsroom - News Releases |publisher=Newsroom.lexmark.com |date=May 21, 2010 |accessdate=April 22, 2013}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lexmark-acquires-pallas-athena-132040058.html |title=Lexmark acquires Pallas Athena - LEXINGTON, Ky., Oct. 18, 2011 /PRNewswire/ |publisher=Prnewswire.com |date= |accessdate=April 22, 2013}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.lexmark.com/index.php?s=13630&item=122999 |title=Lexmark acquires Brainware - Mar 5, 2012 |publisher=Newsroom.lexmark.com |date= |accessdate=April 22, 2013}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.lexmark.com/index.php?s=13630&item=124750 |title=Lexmark acquires ISYS Search Software and Nolij - Mar 19, 2012 |publisher=Newsroom.lexmark.com |date= |accessdate=April 22, 2013}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.lexmark.com/2013-01-02-Lexmark-acquires-Acuo-Technologies |title=Lexmark acquires Acuo Technologies - Jan 2, 2013 |publisher=Newsroom.lexmark.com |date=January 2, 2013 |accessdate=April 22, 2013}} 22. ^{{cite web| url=http://newsroom.lexmark.com/2013-03-05-Lexmark-acquires-Twistage-and-AccessVia | title=Lexmark acquires Twistage and AccessVia | publisher=Newsroom.lexmark.com |date=March 5, 2013 | accessdate= September 21, 2013}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.lexmark.com/2013-08-20-Lexmark-announces-agreement-to-acquire-Saperion|title=Lexmark announces agreement to acquire Saperion|publisher=|accessdate=January 19, 2016}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.lexmark.com/2013-10-03-Lexmark-acquires-PACSGEAR|title=Lexmark acquires PACSGEAR|publisher=|accessdate=January 19, 2016}} 25. ^Big acquisition brings Perceptive Software opportunity and layoffs Bizjournals.com, September 19, 2014 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://us.readsoft.com/about-us/who-we-are/facts-figures-and-history|title=Even Better Invoice Processing. ReadSoft is now Lexmark.|publisher=|accessdate=January 19, 2016}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.lexmark.com/2015-05-21-Lexmark-completes-acquisition-of-Kofax-announces-Enterprise-Software-leadership-change|title=Lexmark completes acquisition of Kofax, announces Enterprise Software leadership change|publisher=|accessdate=January 19, 2016}} 28. ^{{cite web|title=Lexmark announces restructuring|url=http://newsroom.lexmark.com/2012-08-28-Lexmark-announces-restructuring| accessdate=August 28, 2012| publisher=Lexmark | date=August 28, 2012}} 29. ^{{cite news|title=Lexmark to exit inkjet printer market| url=http://www.pcpro.co.uk/news/376615/lexmark-to-exit-inkjet-printer-market| date=August 28, 2012| publisher=pcpro.co.uk| accessdate=August 28, 2012}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.lexmark.com/2012-08-28-Lexmark-announces-restructuring |title=Lexmark announces restructuring | publisher=Newsroom.lexmark.com |date=August 28, 2012 |accessdate=April 22, 2013}} 31. ^{{cite web| url=http://newsroom.lexmark.com/2013-04-01-Funai-acquiring-Lexmarks-inkjet-related-technology-and-assets | title=Funai acquiring Lexmark's inkjet-related technology and assets | publisher=Newsroom.lexmark.com | date=April 1, 2013 |accessdate= September 21, 2013}} 32. ^{{cite news|last1=Duan|first1=Charles|title=How a Printer Company Redefined Ownership; Lexmark's strategy has changed the rules about what you can do with something you 'bought.'|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2016/10/how_lexmark_is_redefining_ownership.html|accessdate=October 22, 2016|work=Slate|date=October 21, 2016}} 33. ^Impression Products, Inc. v. Lexmark International, Inc., 30 May 2017 External links{{Commons category}}
7 : Lexmark|Computer printer companies|Companies based in Lexington, Kentucky|Manufacturing companies established in 1991|1991 establishments in Kentucky|2016 mergers and acquisitions|Private equity portfolio companies |
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