| 词条 | Mesilla Plaza |
| 释义 |
| name = La Mesilla Historic District | nrhp_type = nhld | nocat = yes | image = MesillaPlaza.jpg | caption = Mesilla Plaza, looking northwest, 2005 | location= Roughly bounded by Calle del Norte, Calle del El Paso, Calle del Cura and Calleion Guerro, Mesilla, New Mexico | coordinates = {{coord|32|16|27.519|N|106|47|43.6632|W|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = New Mexico#USA | area = | built =1848 | architect= | architecture= Mission/Spanish Revival, Other | added = October 15, 1966[1] | designated_nrhp_type = July 4, 1961[2] | increase = July 20, 1982[1] | refnum = 66000475 | increase_refnum = 82003323 | designated_other1 = N.M. State Register of Cultural Properties | designated_other1_date = August 29, 1980 | designated_other1_number = [https://web.archive.org/web/20141110122215/http://www.nmhistoricpreservation.org/assets/files/registers/2012%20Report_%20Section%203_%20Arranged%20by%20Number.pdf 14, 776] | designated_other1_num_position = bottom }}Mesilla Plaza is the central plaza in the small town of Mesilla in far southern New Mexico. The plaza and a number of its surrounding buildings are a National Historic Landmark District, significant for its role in the transfers of power that brought first the original New Mexico Territory and later the Gadsden Purchase into United States control. The most notable building facing the plaza is the Basilica of San Albino, which has been on the plaza since its establishment in 1851. The plaza was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961.[3][4] Description and historyThe town of Mesilla was created by a Mexican government decree in 1848, as a place to receive Mexican citizens who sought to remain on Mexican soil after the cession of the northern parts of present-day New Mexico were ceded to the United States in the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican-American War. Just five years later, the Gadsden Purchase agreement result in the United States purchase of the southern strips of present-day New Mexico and Arizona, an area that includes Mesilla. The Mesilla Plaza was the site of an official flag-raising ceremony on November 18, 1854, confirming United States sovereignty over the area. The town continued to hold a prominent economic role in territorial affairs, serving as a stop on the Butterfield Overland Mail route, and other stagecoach routes. It served as a military center during the American Civil War, at different times for both Union and Confederate forces in the Arizona Territory.[4] Mesilla Plaza was the site of one of the bloodiest political riots in New Mexico history. On August 27, 1871, Democrats held a large political rally in the plaza for their candidate for territorial delegate to the United States Congress. Republicans were also holding a rally at a nearby home for their candidate. The Republicans moved from the house to the plaza to disrupt the Democrats' rally. The two groups confronted each other yelling and shoving. One man was struck with an axe handle and then shooting started. Soldiers from nearby Fort Selden stationed in the town to stop any violence had left earlier when it appeared the rallies were peaceful. A messenger caught up with the soldiers and they returned to Mesilla. By then, most of the violence was over. Nine people were killed, and an estimated fifty people were injured.[5] The plaza today is still ringed by many buildings harkening back to its early days. The plaza itself, originally an open dirt area, is now lined by brick sidewalks and is grassy, and sports a bandstand built in the 1970s. The most prominent structure is the Basilica of San Albino, built in 1906 on the site of the original 1852 church. Buildings on the east and west sides include Territorial style buildings from the 1850s, among them the original Butterfield State ticket office and waiting room. Some buildings were originally built as residences, but have since been readapted for commercial use, while some were originally built for commercial use.[4] See also{{Portal box|NRHP|New Mexico}}
References1. ^1 {{NRISref|version=2010a}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=National Historic Landmarks Survey, New Mexico|url=https://www.nps.gov/nhl/find/statelists/nm/NM.pdf|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=November 17, 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=336&ResourceType=District|title=La Mesilla Historic District |accessdate=2008-06-11|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406060134/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=336&ResourceType=District|archive-date=April 6, 2015}} 4. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: La Mesilla Historic District|url={{NHLS url|id=82003323}} |format=pdf|date= |author= |publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NHLS url|id=66000475|title=Accompanying photos, exterior and interior|photos=y}} {{small|(32 KB)}} 5. ^Schurtz, Christopher [https://nmahgp.genealogyvillage.com/donaana/mesillaplazariot.html Deadly politics: Mesilla Plaza site of worst political riot in NM] External links{{Commonscat|Mesilla Plaza}}
6 : National Historic Landmarks in New Mexico|Historic American Buildings Survey in New Mexico|Historic American Landscapes Survey in New Mexico|Geography of Doña Ana County, New Mexico|Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New Mexico|National Register of Historic Places in Doña Ana County, New Mexico |
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