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词条 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5
释义

  1. Function

  2. Ligands

     Agonists  Antagonists  Positive allosteric modulators  Orthosteric antagonists  Negative allosteric modulators  mGluR5 and addiction 

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. Further reading

  6. External links

{{Infobox_gene}}Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 is a G protein-coupled receptor that in humans is encoded by the GRM5 gene.[1][2]

Function

The amino acid L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacological properties. Group I includes GRM1 and GRM5 and these receptors have been shown to activate phospholipase C. Group II includes GRM2 and GRM3 while Group III includes GRM4, GRM6, GRM7, and GRM8. Group II and III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade but differ in their agonist selectivities. Alternative splice variants of GRM8 have been described but their full-length nature has not been determined.[2]

Ligands

In addition to the orthosteric site (the site where the endogenous ligand glutamate binds) at least two distinct allosteric binding sites exist on the mGluR5.[3] A respectable number of potent and selective mGluR5 ligands, which also comprise PET radiotracers, has been developed to date.[4] Selective antagonists and negative allosteric modulators of mGluR5 are a particular area of interest for pharmaceutical research, due to their demonstrated anxiolytic, antidepressant and anti-addictive[5][6][7] effects in animal studies and their relatively benign safety profile.[8][9] mGluR5 receptors are also expressed outside the central nervous system, and mGluR5 antagonists have been shown to be hepatoprotective and may also be useful for the treatment of inflammation and neuropathic pain.[10][11] The clinical use of these drugs may be limited by side effects such as amnesia and psychotomimetic symptoms,[12][13][14][15] but these could be an advantage for some indications,[16] or conversely mGluR5 positive modulators may have nootropic effects.[17]

Agonists

  • CHPG (2-amino-2-(2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid)

Antagonists

  • Lithium [18]
  • LY-344,545
  • Mavoglurant
  • Remeglurant
  • SIB-1893

Positive allosteric modulators

  • ADX-47273 [19]
  • CPPHA[20][21]
  • VU-29: Ki = 244 nM, EC50 = 9.0 nM; VU-36: Ki = 95 nM, EC50 = 10.6 nM[22]
  • VU-1545: Ki = 156 nM, EC50 = 9.6 nM[23]
  • CDPPB (3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide)[24]
  • DFB (1-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-((3-fluorophenyl)methylideneamino)methanimine)

Orthosteric antagonists

  • LY-344,545

Negative allosteric modulators

  • Basimglurant
  • Dipraglurant
  • Fenobam
  • GRN-529[25]
  • MPEP
  • MTEP: more potent than MPEP
  • Raseglurant

mGluR5 and addiction

Mice with a knocked out mGluR5 show a lack of cocaine self-administration regardless of dose.[26] This suggested that the receptor may be intimately involved in the rewarding properties of cocaine. However, a later study showed that mGluR5 knockout mice responded the same to cocaine reward as wild type mice demonstrated by a cocaine place-preference paradigm.[27] This evidence taken together shows that mGluR5 may be crucial for drug-related instrumental self-administration learning, but not conditioned associations.

See also

  • Metabotropic glutamate receptor

References

1. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Minakami R, Katsuki F, Yamamoto T, Nakamura K, Sugiyama H | title = Molecular cloning and the functional expression of two isoforms of human metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 199 | issue = 3 | pages = 1136–43 | date = March 1994 | pmid = 7908515 | pmc = | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1349 }}
2. ^1 {{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GRM5 glutamate receptor, metabotropic 5| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2915| accessdate = }}
3. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen Y, Goudet C, Pin JP, Conn PJ | title = N4-Chloro-2-[(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]phenyl2-hydroxybenzamide (CPPHA) acts through a novel site as a positive allosteric modulator of group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors | journal = Molecular Pharmacology | volume = 73 | issue = 3 | pages = 909–18 | date = March 2008 | pmid = 18056795 | doi = 10.1124/mol.107.040097 }}
4. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Watkins JC, Jane DE | title = The glutamate story | journal = British Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 147 Suppl 1 | issue = Suppl 1 | pages = S100–8 | date = January 2006 | pmid = 16402093 | pmc = 1760733 | doi = 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706444 }}
5. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Gass JT, Osborne MP, Watson NL, Brown JL, Olive MF | title = mGluR5 antagonism attenuates methamphetamine reinforcement and prevents reinstatement of methamphetamine-seeking behavior in rats | journal = Neuropsychopharmacology | volume = 34 | issue = 4 | pages = 820–33 | date = March 2009 | pmid = 18800068 | pmc = 2669746 | doi = 10.1038/npp.2008.140 }}
6. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Bäckström P, Hyytiä P | title = Ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonism attenuates cue-induced cocaine seeking | journal = Neuropsychopharmacology | volume = 31 | issue = 4 | pages = 778–86 | date = April 2006 | pmid = 16123768 | doi = 10.1038/sj.npp.1300845 }}
7. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Bespalov AY, Dravolina OA, Sukhanov I, Zakharova E, Blokhina E, Zvartau E, Danysz W, van Heeke G, Markou A | title = Metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR5) antagonist MPEP attenuated cue- and schedule-induced reinstatement of nicotine self-administration behavior in rats | journal = Neuropharmacology | volume = 49 Suppl 1 | issue = | pages = 167–78 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16023685 | doi = 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.06.007 }}
8. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Slassi A, Isaac M, Edwards L, Minidis A, Wensbo D, Mattsson J, Nilsson K, Raboisson P, McLeod D, Stormann TM, Hammerland LG, Johnson E | title = Recent advances in non-competitive mGlu5 receptor antagonists and their potential therapeutic applications | journal = Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 5 | issue = 9 | pages = 897–911 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16178734 | doi = 10.2174/1568026054750236 }}
9. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Gasparini F, Bilbe G, Gomez-Mancilla B, Spooren W | title = mGluR5 antagonists: discovery, characterization and drug development | journal = Current Opinion in Drug Discovery & Development | volume = 11 | issue = 5 | pages = 655–65 | date = September 2008 | pmid = 18729017 }}
10. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Hu Y, Dong L, Sun B, Guillon MA, Burbach LR, Nunn PA, Liu X, Vilenski O, Ford AP, Zhong Y, Rong W | title = The role of metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu5 in control of micturition and bladder nociception | journal = Neuroscience Letters | volume = 450 | issue = 1 | pages = 12–7 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 19027050 | doi = 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.11.026 }}
11. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Jesse CR, Wilhelm EA, Bortolatto CF, Savegnago L, Nogueira CW | title = Selective blockade of mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptors is hepatoprotective against fulminant hepatic failure induced by lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine in mice | journal = Journal of Applied Toxicology | volume = 29 | issue = 4 | pages = 323–9 | date = May 2009 | pmid = 19153979 | doi = 10.1002/jat.1413 }}
12. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Simonyi A, Schachtman TR, Christoffersen GR | title = The role of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in learning and memory processes | journal = Drug News & Perspectives | volume = 18 | issue = 6 | pages = 353–61 | date = Jul 2005 | pmid = 16247513 | doi = 10.1358/dnp.2005.18.6.927927 }}
13. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Manahan-Vaughan D, Braunewell KH | title = The metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, is a key determinant of good and bad spatial learning performance and hippocampal synaptic plasticity | journal = Cerebral Cortex | volume = 15 | issue = 11 | pages = 1703–13 | date = November 2005 | pmid = 15703249 | doi = 10.1093/cercor/bhi047 }}
14. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Palucha A, Pilc A | title = Metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands as possible anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs | journal = Pharmacology & Therapeutics | volume = 115 | issue = 1 | pages = 116–47 | date = July 2007 | pmid = 17582504 | doi = 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.04.007 }}
15. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Christoffersen GR, Simonyi A, Schachtman TR, Clausen B, Clement D, Bjerre VK, Mark LT, Reinholdt M, Schmith-Rasmussen K, Zink LV | title = MGlu5 antagonism impairs exploration and memory of spatial and non-spatial stimuli in rats | journal = Behavioural Brain Research | volume = 191 | issue = 2 | pages = 235–45 | date = August 2008 | pmid = 18471908 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.03.032 }}
16. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Xu J, Zhu Y, Contractor A, Heinemann SF | title = mGluR5 has a critical role in inhibitory learning | journal = The Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 29 | issue = 12 | pages = 3676–84 | date = March 2009 | pmid = 19321764 | pmc = 2746052 | doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5716-08.2009 }}
17. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Ayala JE, Chen Y, Banko JL, Sheffler DJ, Williams R, Telk AN, Watson NL, Xiang Z, Zhang Y, Jones PJ, Lindsley CW, Olive MF, Conn PJ | title = mGluR5 positive allosteric modulators facilitate both hippocampal LTP and LTD and enhance spatial learning | journal = Neuropsychopharmacology | volume = 34 | issue = 9 | pages = 2057–71 | date = August 2009 | pmid = 19295507 | pmc = 2884290 | doi = 10.1038/npp.2009.30 }}
18. ^{{cite book | first1 = Randi J. | last1 = Hagerman | first2 = Vivien| last2 = Narcisa | first3 = Paul J. | last3 = Hagerman | editor-last1 = Geschwind | editor-first1 = Daniel H. | editor-last2 = Dawson | editor-first2 = Geraldine | editor-last3 = Amaral | editor-first3 = David G. | name-list-format = vanc | title = Autism Spectrum Disorders | date = 2011 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-19-5371826 | page = 806 | chapter = Fragile X: A Molecular and Treatment Model for Autism Spectrum Disorders | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gERpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA806 }}
19. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu F, Grauer S, Kelley C, Navarra R, Graf R, Zhang G, Atkinson PJ, Popiolek M, Wantuch C, Khawaja X, Smith D, Olsen M, Kouranova E, Lai M, Pruthi F, Pulicicchio C, Day M, Gilbert A, Pausch MH, Brandon NJ, Beyer CE, Comery TA, Logue S, Rosenzweig-Lipson S, Marquis KL | title = ADX47273 [S-(4-fluoro-phenyl)3-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-[1,2,4]-oxadiazol-5-yl]-piperidin-1-ylmethanone]: a novel metabotropic glutamate receptor 5-selective positive allosteric modulator with preclinical antipsychotic-like and procognitive activities | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 327 | issue = 3 | pages = 827–39 | date = December 2008 | pmid = 18753411 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.108.136580 }}
20. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhao Z, Wisnoski DD, O'Brien JA, Lemaire W, Williams DL, Jacobson MA, Wittman M, Ha SN, Schaffhauser H, Sur C, Pettibone DJ, Duggan ME, Conn PJ, Hartman GD, Lindsley CW | title = Challenges in the development of mGluR5 positive allosteric modulators: the discovery of CPPHA | journal = Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters | volume = 17 | issue = 5 | pages = 1386–91 | date = March 2007 | pmid = 17210250 | doi = 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.081 }}
21. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = O'Brien JA, Lemaire W, Wittmann M, Jacobson MA, Ha SN, Wisnoski DD, Lindsley CW, Schaffhauser HJ, Rowe B, Sur C, Duggan ME, Pettibone DJ, Conn PJ, Williams DL | title = A novel selective allosteric modulator potentiates the activity of native metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 in rat forebrain | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 309 | issue = 2 | pages = 568–77 | date = May 2004 | pmid = 14747613 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.103.061747 }}
22. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen Y, Nong Y, Goudet C, Hemstapat K, de Paulis T, Pin JP, Conn PJ | title = Interaction of novel positive allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 with the negative allosteric antagonist site is required for potentiation of receptor responses | journal = Molecular Pharmacology | volume = 71 | issue = 5 | pages = 1389–98 | date = May 2007 | pmid = 17303702 | doi = 10.1124/mol.106.032425 }}
23. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = de Paulis T, Hemstapat K, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Saleh S, Alagille D, Baldwin RM, Tamagnan GD, Conn PJ | title = Substituent effects of N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamides on positive allosteric modulation of the metabotropic glutamate-5 receptor in rat cortical astrocytes | journal = Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 49 | issue = 11 | pages = 3332–44 | date = June 2006 | pmid = 16722652 | doi = 10.1021/jm051252j }}
24. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Kinney GG, O'Brien JA, Lemaire W, Burno M, Bickel DJ, Clements MK, Chen TB, Wisnoski DD, Lindsley CW, Tiller PR, Smith S, Jacobson MA, Sur C, Duggan ME, Pettibone DJ, Conn PJ, Williams DL | title = A novel selective positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 has in vivo activity and antipsychotic-like effects in rat behavioral models | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 313 | issue = 1 | pages = 199–206 | date = April 2005 | pmid = 15608073 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.104.079244 }}
25. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Silverman JL, Smith DG, Rizzo SJ, Karras MN, Turner SM, Tolu SS, Bryce DK, Smith DL, Fonseca K, Ring RH, Crawley JN | title = Negative allosteric modulation of the mGluR5 receptor reduces repetitive behaviors and rescues social deficits in mouse models of autism | journal = Science Translational Medicine | volume = 4 | issue = 131 | pages = 131ra51 | date = April 2012 | pmid = 22539775 | pmc = 4904784| doi = 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003501 }}
26. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Chiamulera C, Epping-Jordan MP, Zocchi A, Marcon C, Cottiny C, Tacconi S, Corsi M, Orzi F, Conquet F | title = Reinforcing and locomotor stimulant effects of cocaine are absent in mGluR5 null mutant mice | journal = Nature Neuroscience | volume = 4 | issue = 9 | pages = 873–4 | date = September 2001 | pmid = 11528416 | doi = 10.1038/nn0901-873 }}
27. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Fowler MA, Varnell AL, Cooper DC | title = mGluR5 knockout mice exhibit normal conditioned place-preference to cocaine | journal = Nature Precedings |date=August 2011 | hdl = 10101/npre.2011.6180.1 | doi = 10.1038/npre.2011.6180 }}

Further reading

{{refbegin|colwidth=35em}}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Minakami R, Katsuki F, Sugiyama H | title = A variant of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5: an evolutionally conserved insertion with no termination codon | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 194 | issue = 2 | pages = 622–7 | date = July 1993 | pmid = 7688218 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1866 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Daggett LP, Sacaan AI, Akong M, Rao SP, Hess SD, Liaw C, Urrutia A, Jachec C, Ellis SB, Dreessen J | title = Molecular and functional characterization of recombinant human metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 | journal = Neuropharmacology | volume = 34 | issue = 8 | pages = 871–86 | date = August 1995 | pmid = 8532169 | doi = 10.1016/0028-3908(95)00085-K }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Brakeman PR, Lanahan AA, O'Brien R, Roche K, Barnes CA, Huganir RL, Worley PF | title = Homer: a protein that selectively binds metabotropic glutamate receptors | journal = Nature | volume = 386 | issue = 6622 | pages = 284–8 | date = March 1997 | pmid = 9069287 | doi = 10.1038/386284a0 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Minakami R, Jinnai N, Sugiyama H | title = Phosphorylation and calmodulin binding of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) are antagonistic in vitro | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 272 | issue = 32 | pages = 20291–8 | date = August 1997 | pmid = 9242710 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.32.20291 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Snow BE, Hall RA, Krumins AM, Brothers GM, Bouchard D, Brothers CA, Chung S, Mangion J, Gilman AG, Lefkowitz RJ, Siderovski DP | title = GTPase activating specificity of RGS12 and binding specificity of an alternatively spliced PDZ (PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1) domain | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 273 | issue = 28 | pages = 17749–55 | date = July 1998 | pmid = 9651375 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.28.17749 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Xiao B, Tu JC, Petralia RS, Yuan JP, Doan A, Breder CD, Ruggiero A, Lanahan AA, Wenthold RJ, Worley PF | title = Homer regulates the association of group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors with multivalent complexes of homer-related, synaptic proteins | journal = Neuron | volume = 21 | issue = 4 | pages = 707–16 | date = October 1998 | pmid = 9808458 | doi = 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80588-7 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Enz R | title = The actin-binding protein Filamin-A interacts with the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 7 | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 514 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 184–8 | date = March 2002 | pmid = 11943148 | doi = 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02361-X }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Saugstad JA, Yang S, Pohl J, Hall RA, Conn PJ | title = Interaction between metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 and alpha tubulin | journal = Journal of Neurochemistry | volume = 80 | issue = 6 | pages = 980–8 | date = March 2002 | pmid = 11953448 | pmc = 2925652 | doi = 10.1046/j.0022-3042.2002.00778.x }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Nash MS, Schell MJ, Atkinson PJ, Johnston NR, Nahorski SR, Challiss RA | title = Determinants of metabotropic glutamate receptor-5-mediated Ca2+ and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate oscillation frequency. Receptor density versus agonist concentration | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 39 | pages = 35947–60 | date = September 2002 | pmid = 12119301 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M205622200 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Bates B, Xie Y, Taylor N, Johnson J, Wu L, Kwak S, Blatcher M, Gulukota K, Paulsen JE | title = Characterization of mGluR5R, a novel, metabotropic glutamate receptor 5-related gene | journal = Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research | volume = 109 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 18–33 | date = December 2002 | pmid = 12531512 | doi = 10.1016/S0169-328X(02)00458-8 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Malherbe P, Kew JN, Richards JG, Knoflach F, Kratzeisen C, Zenner MT, Faull RL, Kemp JA, Mutel V | title = Identification and characterization of a novel splice variant of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 gene in human hippocampus and cerebellum | journal = Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research | volume = 109 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 168–78 | date = December 2002 | pmid = 12531526 | doi = 10.1016/S0169-328X(02)00557-0 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = O'Malley KL, Jong YJ, Gonchar Y, Burkhalter A, Romano C | title = Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu5 on nuclear membranes mediates intranuclear Ca2+ changes in heterologous cell types and neurons | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 278 | issue = 30 | pages = 28210–9 | date = July 2003 | pmid = 12736269 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M300792200 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Corti C, Clarkson RW, Crepaldi L, Sala CF, Xuereb JH, Ferraguti F | title = Gene structure of the human metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 and functional analysis of its multiple promoters in neuroblastoma and astroglioma cells | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 278 | issue = 35 | pages = 33105–19 | date = August 2003 | pmid = 12783878 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M212380200 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Aronica E, Gorter JA, Ijlst-Keizers H, Rozemuller AJ, Yankaya B, Leenstra S, Troost D | title = Expression and functional role of mGluR3 and mGluR5 in human astrocytes and glioma cells: opposite regulation of glutamate transporter proteins | journal = The European Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 17 | issue = 10 | pages = 2106–18 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12786977 | doi = 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02657.x }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Uchino M, Sakai N, Kashiwagi K, Shirai Y, Shinohara Y, Hirose K, Iino M, Yamamura T, Saito N | title = Isoform-specific phosphorylation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 by protein kinase C (PKC) blocks Ca2+ oscillation and oscillatory translocation of Ca2+-dependent PKC | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 3 | pages = 2254–61 | date = January 2004 | pmid = 14561742 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M309894200 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Anneser JM, Ince PG, Shaw PJ, Borasio GD | title = Differential expression of mGluR5 in human lumbosacral motoneurons | journal = NeuroReport | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 271–3 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 15076751 | doi = 10.1097/00001756-200402090-00012 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Pacheco R, Ciruela F, Casadó V, Mallol J, Gallart T, Lluis C, Franco R | title = Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors mediate a dual role of glutamate in T cell activation | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 32 | pages = 33352–8 | date = August 2004 | pmid = 15184389 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M401761200 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Kim CH, Braud S, Isaac JT, Roche KW | title = Protein kinase C phosphorylation of the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5 on Serine 839 regulates Ca2+ oscillations | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 280 | issue = 27 | pages = 25409–15 | date = July 2005 | pmid = 15894802 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M502644200 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Cabello N, Remelli R, Canela L, Soriguera A, Mallol J, Canela EI, Robbins MJ, Lluis C, Franco R, McIlhinney RA, Ciruela F | title = Actin-binding protein alpha-actinin-1 interacts with the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5b and modulates the cell surface expression and function of the receptor | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 282 | issue = 16 | pages = 12143–53 | date = April 2007 | pmid = 17311919 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M608880200 | hdl = 2445/122383 }}
{{refend}}

External links

  • {{cite web | url = http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ReceptorDisplayForward?receptorID=2276 | title = Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors: mGlu5 | accessdate = | date = | work = IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels | publisher = International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology | pages = | archiveurl = | archivedate = }}
{{NLM content}}{{G protein-coupled receptors|g3}}{{Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators}}

1 : Metabotropic glutamate receptors
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