“Metro Line M3 (Budapest Metro)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Line 3 (Officially: North-South Line, Metro 3 or M3, and unofficially: Blue Line) is the third and longest line of the Budapest Metro. It runs in a general north-south direction parallel to the Danube on the Pest side, roughly following Váci út south from Újpest to the city center, then following the route of Üllői út southeast to Kőbánya-Kispest. Its daily ridership is estimated at 626,179. Like Line 1, it does not serve Buda.

History

The first decree for the third line was made in 1968,^[3] construction started in 1970, the first section was opened in 1976 with six stations. The southern direction was complemented with five more stations in 1980, and the northern one in 1981, 1984, and 1990 with nine stations, reaching its current length of 20 stations and {{convert|16.5|km|0|abbr=on}}, the longest line in Budapest.^[2]^[3] Soviet-made 81-717/714 carriages (prevalent in many Eastern Bloc metro systems) operate on this line. Operation started with 4 units in 1976, expanded to 6 units in 1984.^[3] Six unit-trains provide space for 1,097 people.^[1] It was planned for a daily ridership of 800,000 people.^[1]

Line 3 runs in a north-south direction (more exactly, from north-northeast to southeast) through the city and connects several populous microraion with the downtown.^[4] It has a transfer station with Line 1 and Line 2 at Deák Ferenc tér, and a transfer station for Line 4 at Kálvin tér.

Ongoing reconstruction

Mayor of Budapest Gábor Demszky was warned in 2006^[5] by BKV that the line would soon need reconstruction, but no steps towards this were made before the new mayor István Tarlós took office in 2010. The trains started burning or smoking multiple times, but this has caused neither fatalities nor serious injuries as of yet. Tarlós reacted by ordering the retirement of all trains that were more than 40 years old. He also started the reconstruction of the tracks, because they were also reported as hazardous. In 2014 the mayor's administration finished laying out the plans for the complete reconstruction of the line and Viktor Orbán's government allowed the local government to finance the reconstruction of the trains by taking up loans. Repayment of the loans was guaranteed by the national government in case the municipal government was not able to pay. The municipal government requested EU funds to finance the reconstruction of the underground infrastructure (tunnels and stations), the national government assured it would provide financing in case no or less EU funds were obtained than the necessary amount.

The first metro train was handed over in January 2016 to the Russian Metrowagonmash (the original manufacturer) to be reconstructed.^[6] Tarlós had preferred buying new trains, but he had been overwritten by the Orbán-government.^[7] The prototype of the reconstructed trains entered service on March 20, 2017.^[8] Since then, the number of reconstructed trains serving the line is scheduled to increase by 2 trains every month.

On September 4, 2017 the contracts for reconstructing the whole tunnel and the stations of the northern section were signed, thus effectively starting the reconstruction. The stations were to be finished by December 31, 2018. After this phase, the stations of the middle- and the southern sections will be reconstructed, though the order of these two phases is not yet decided. Overhauling the tunnel is set to be completed by August 24, 2020.^[9]

Timeline

Stations and connections

Gallery

References

1. ^¹²András Koós - Tamás Szirmay - Jenő Tiborcz: A budapesti 3-as metróvonal új szakasza ("The new section of Budapest Metro Line 3"), Városi Közlekedés, Year XXXI, Vol. 1, pp. 126-127, Budapest, 1991
2. ^¹²Árpád Bodnár: A budapesti metró két évtizede ("Two decades of the Budapest Metro"), Városi Közlekedés, Year XXXI, Vol. 3, pp. 119-121, Budapest, 1991
3. ^Botond Aba: 30 éves a budapesti metró ("Budapest Metro is 30 years old"), Városi Közlekedés, Year XL, Vol. 2, pp. 71, Budapest, 2000
4. ^Budapest City Atlas, Dimap-Szarvas, Budapest, 2011, {{ISBN|978-963-03-9124-5}}
5. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.bkv.hu/hu/magunkrol/sajtoszoba/kozlemeny_a_3_as_metro_muszaki_rendszereirol_keszult_vizsgalati_jelentes_kapcsan_|title= Announcement about the state of Metro Line 3 by Budapest Mass Transport Company˝}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://hvg.hu/gazdasag/20160202_Elkezdodott_a_3as_metro_kocsijainak_felu |title= Reconstruction of Metro Line 3's trains starts |date=2016-02-02}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://budapest.hu/Lapok/Tarl%C3%B3s-Istv%C3%A1n-indulhat-a-3-as-metr%C3%B3-szerelv%C3%A9nyeinek-fel%C3%BAj%C3%ADt%C3%A1sa.aspx |title=Tarlós: reconstruction of the trains of Metro Line 3 can start |date=2014-09-25}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://budapest.hu/Lapok/2017/forgalomba-allt-az-elso-felujitott-metroszerelveny-az-m3-as-vonalon.aspx |title=The first reconstructed train on Line M3 enters service |date=2017-03-20}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://budapest.hu/Lapok/2017/alairtak-az-m3-as-metro-felujitasi-szerzodeseit.aspx |title=Contracts of Metro Line 3 reconstruction signed |date=2017-09-04}}
10. ^¹²Ágnes Medveczky Kovácsyné: 25 éves a budapesti metró ("Budapest Metro is 25 years old"), BKV, Budapest, 1995