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词条 Metropolitan regions in Germany
释义

  1. Metropolitan regions

  2. Big five

  3. List

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. External links

The metropolitan regions in Germany are eleven[1] densely populated areas in the Federal Republic of Germany. They comprise the major German cities and their surrounding catchment areas and form the political, commercial and cultural centres of the country. The eleven metropolitan regions in Germany were organised into political units for planning purposes.

Using a narrower definition of metropolises, only four cities surpass the threshold of at least one million inhabitants within its administrative borders, namely: Berlin, Hamburg, Munich and Cologne.

For urban centres outside metropolitan areas, that generate a similar attraction at smaller scale for their region, the concept of the Regiopolis and respectively regiopolitan area or regio was introduced by German professors in 2006.[2]

Metropolitan regions

Sorted alphabetically:
  1. Berlin Metropolitan Region
  2. Bremen/Oldenburg Metropolitan Region
  3. Central German Metropolitan Region
  4. Frankfurt/Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region
  5. Hamburg Metropolitan Region
  6. Hannover-Braunschweig-Göttingen-Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region
  7. Munich Metropolitan Region
  8. Nuremberg Metropolitan Region
  9. Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region
  10. Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region (also covers the Cologne Bonn Region)
  11. Stuttgart Metropolitan Region

Big five

The five most important regions, collectively often called the "Big Five",[3][4] are frequently compared with other European metropolitan areas for investments and market development.[5] They are (from north to south):

Hamburg, Berlin, the polycentric Ruhr/Düsseldorf/Cologne region (collectively referred to as Rhine-Ruhr), Frankfurt/Rhine-Main and Munich. The Globalization and World Cities Study Group (GaWC) considers Frankfurt "α" (Alpha) Global Cities, while the others are considered "β" (Beta) global cities.[6]{{Gallery
|title=
|footer=
|width=180
|lines=1
|File:Hamburgfromair3.jpg|Hamburg
|File:Visit-suomi-2009-05-by-RalfR-012.jpg|Berlin
|File:Ballonfahrt_über_Köln_-_Deutzer_Hafen,_Rhein,_Rheinauhafen,_Altstadt-RS-4106.jpg|Rhine-Ruhr (>500.000 inhabitants: Duisburg, Essen, Dortmund, Düsseldorf, Cologne)
|File:Frankfurt am Main from a plane.jpg|Frankfurt
|File:Aerial view of Munich.jpg|Munich
}}

Each of them forms types of clusters and achieves varying levels of performance in areas such as business activity, human capital, information and technology exchange, cultural experience, and political engagement.[7]

  • Hamburg, for its importance in global logistics
  • Berlin, for its political and cultural importance
  • Rhine-Ruhr, for its logistics, technology and industry
  • Frankfurt/Rhine-Main, for its financial economy and human transport
  • Munich, for its business, science and technology community

List

rank
 		metropolitan region (EMR)
 		core cities
 		states
 		population as by EMR[8] (2006)population as by ESPON[9] (2007)GDP per capita in €[10] (2006)GMP in Billion €[8] (2006)HQs of MNC (FG500[11])annual passenger traffic (2008)
1Rhine-Ruhr EMRK, DO, D, E, DUNW11.47 million}}12.19 million}} 29,486 338.21}}13}} 30.80 million
RuhrDO, E, DU, BO5.26 million}}5.38 million}} 25,266 132.90 4 2.30 million (DTM)
DüsseldorfD, W, MG 3.12 million 3.07 million 34,658 108.13 5 18.15 million (DUS)
Cologne/BonnK, BN 3.09 million 3.07 million 31,448 97.18 4 10.35 million (CGN)
2 Frankfurt/Rhine-Main EMRF, WI, MZ, DA, OF, HUHE, RP, BY 6.0million 4.15 million 35,000 193.20}} 4 57.44 million (FRA, HHN)}}
3 Berlin/Brandenburg EMRB, P, CBBE, BR 5.95 million 4.02 million 21,981 130.78 1 21.40 million (TXL, SXF)
4Stuttgart EMRS, RT, ES, HNBW 5.29 million {{n/a}} 31,909 168.80 3[12] 9.93 million
StuttgartS, ES 2.67 million 2.67 million 35,492 94.763[12]}} 9.93 million[13] (STR)
5Munich EMRM, A, IN, LA, ROBY 5.20 million 3.27 million 39,155}} 203.61 7 34.73 million
Munich[14]M, FS 2.59 million[15] 2.67 million 47,943}} 124.35[15] 7 34.73 million (MUC)
6East-Central German EMRL, DD, C, HAL, EFSN, ST, TH 4.36 million {{n/a}} 21,482 93.66 0 4.88 million
Leipzig/HalleL, HAL 1.50 million 1.21 million no data no data 0 2.46 million (LEJ)
DresdenDD, PIR 0.70 million[16] 0.88 million no data no data 0 1.86 million (DRS)
7 Hamburg EMRHH, HLHH, SH, NI 4.27 million 2.98 million 33,210 141.81 2 12.84 million (HAM)
8Hannover-Braunschweig-
Göttingen-Wolfsburg EMR		H, BS, GÖ, WOB, SZ, HINI 3.91 million {{n/a}} 27,251 106.55 3 5.74 million
Braunschweig/WolfsburgBS, WOB, SZ 1.00 million[17] 1.00 million no data no data 1 0.10 million (BWE)
HannoverH 1.12 million* 1.00 million no data no data 2 5.64 million[18] (HAJ)
9 Nuremberg EMRN, FÜ, ER, BT, BABY 3.51 million 1.58 million 29,955 105.14 0 4.27 million[19] (NUE)
10 Bremen/Oldenburg EMRHB, OL, HBx, DEL, WHVHB, NI 2.37 million 1.08 million 27,046 64.10 0 2.49 million (BRE)
11 Rhine-Neckar EMRMA, LU, HD, WOBW, RP, HE 2.36 million 2.93 million 29,891 70.54 1 0
metropolitan regions in Germany 57.74 million 29,412 1,698.23 34 168.75 million
Germany 80.22 million 28,212 2,322.20 37 191.02 million[20]
{{legend2|#BFD|highest score of all metropolitan regions}}
{{legend2|#90ff90|highest score of all metropolitan areas}}

See also

  • Largest European metropolitan areas
  • Largest urban areas of the European Union
  • Demographics of Germany
  • Tourism in Germany

References

1. ^Mitglieder Retrieved 12 June 2009.
2. ^Prof. Dr. Iris Reuther (FG Stadt- und Regionalplanung, Universität Kassel): Presentation "Regiopole Rostock". 11 December 2008, retrieved 13 June 2009 (PDF).
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://cdl.niedersachsen.de/blob/images/C18102984_L20.pdf |title= |format=PDF |author=Hans Heinrich Blotevogel |language=de |accessdate=14 February 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602092219/http://cdl.niedersachsen.de/blob/images/C18102984_L20.pdf |archivedate=2 June 2010 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
4. ^Dr. Radetzki Consult GmbH {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719061229/http://business.metropoleruhr.de/uploads/media/Investmentmarktreport_2006_Dr._Radetzki_Consult_GmbH_03.pdf |date=2011-07-19 }} (PDF) Retrieved 14 February 2011.
5. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cushwake.com/cwglobal/jsp/newsDetail.jsp?Country=DE&Language=EN&repId=c19400008p&output=null&id=null&empty=null&size=null&index=null&count=null&headlineText=null&extraParams=null&pageType=null&lhsImgAltKey=null&lhsImg=null |title=C&W European Cities Monitor 2008: London, Paris and Frankfurt the best business locations in Europe |accessdate=14 February 2011 |archivedate=8 July 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708213634/http://www.cushwake.com/cwglobal/jsp/newsDetail.jsp?Country=DE&Language=EN&repId=c19400008p&output=null&id=null&empty=null&size=null&index=null&count=null&headlineText=null&extraParams=null&pageType=null&lhsImgAltKey=null&lhsImg=null |deadurl=yes |df= }}
6. ^The World According to GaWC 2010 Retrieved 14 February 2011.
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.greatermunicharea.de/media.pdf?command=getMedia&id=1056|title=Positionierung Europäischer Metropolregionen in Deutschland, Metropolfunktionen in Metropolregionen|publisher=Bundesamt für Bauwesen und Raumordnung|year=2009|page=3|accessdate=14 February 2011}} {{Dead link|date=March 2015}}
8. ^1 Regionales Monitoring 2008 - Daten und Karten zu den Europäischen Metropolregionen (EMR) in Deutschland (PDF) Retrieved 22 June 2009.
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.espon.eu/mmp/online/website/content/projects/261/420/file_2420/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf|title=ESPON project 1.4.3: Study on Urban Functions: Final Report|format=PDF|accessdate=22 June 2009}} {{Dead link|date=March 2015}}
10. ^Regionales Monitoring 2008 - Daten und Karten zu den Europäischen Metropolregionen (EMR) in Deutschland
11. ^Global 500 CNNMoney Retrieved 22 June 2009.
12. ^1   Retrieved 03 November 2015: Daimler, Bosch, LBBW
13. ^Wichtige Kennziffern der Flughafen Stuttgart GmbH {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090714144136/http://www.flughafen-stuttgart.de/sys/index.php?section_id=7&id=3 |date=2009-07-14 }} Retrieved 22 June 2009.
14. ^http://www.region-muenchen.com/ Retrieved 25 June 2009.
15. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.pv-muenchen.de/leistung/veroeff/daten/REG_2007.pdf |title=Region München 2006 Regionaler Planungsverband München |format=PDF |accessdate=25 June 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719073611/http://www.pv-muenchen.de/leistung/veroeff/daten/REG_2007.pdf |archivedate=19 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dresden.de/de/02/06/09/Stadt-Umland-Region.php |title=Bevölkerungsbilanz in der Stadt-Umland-Region |accessdate=22 June 2009 |archivedate=9 February 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209001205/http://www.dresden.de/de/02/06/09/Stadt-Umland-Region.php |deadurl=yes |df= }}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.zgb.de/barrierefrei/content/ueberuns/verbandsgebiet.shtml |title=Das Tätigkeitsgebiet: Die Region Braunschweig |accessdate=22 June 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602172508/http://www.zgb.de/barrierefrei/content/ueberuns/verbandsgebiet.shtml |archivedate=2 June 2009 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
18. ^http://www.hannover-airport.de/189.html Retrieved 22 June 2009. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030064837/http://www.hannover-airport.de/189.html |date=October 30, 2007 }}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.airport-nuernberg.de/english/company/companyinformation/factsfigures/index.html |title=Airport Nurnberg |accessdate=22 June 2009 |archivedate=12 June 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612210759/http://www.airport-nuernberg.de/english/company/companyinformation/factsfigures/index.html |deadurl=yes |df= }}
20. ^ADV Monatsstatistik / ADV Monthly Traffic Statistics {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306085644/http://adv.aero/fileadmin/pdf/statistiken/2008/Statistik_Dezember_2008.pdf |date=2009-03-06 }} (PDF) Retrieved 22 June 2009.

External links

  • Initiativkreises Europäischer Metropolregionen in Deutschland
{{Metropolregion Germany}}{{Cities in Germany}}{{Germany states}}Metropolregion#In Deutschland

4 : Metropolitan areas of Germany|Cities in Germany|Lists of metropolitan areas|Germany geography-related lists
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