| 词条 | Mettenschicht |
| 释义 |
The Mettenschicht is an old German mining custom in the Ore Mountains. It is the name given to the last shift worked before Christmas,[1] which ends early with a celebration and meal. DescriptionMettenschicht is the main Christmas celebration among miners in the Protestant Ore Mountains; in Catholic mining areas of Germany, St Barbara's Day is more important.[2] It is first recorded in the first half of the 17th century.[3] The Steiger, a foreman or overseer, would finish the pre-Christmas shift early with a knocking signal, "knocking the miners out". Then he would give a sort of sermon in the Huthaus, the administrative building, which was decorated for the occasion. Singing miners' songs such as Der Steiger, the miners would give thanks to God for the products of the mine. A simple, traditional meal ended the shift. The meal usually consisted of bratwurst with mashed potatoes and sauerkraut as well as herbed schnapps and a cigar (gaahlem Gelecht). Also common are glühwein, tea and bacon-fat butterbrot. The idea of the Mettenschicht has spread from the Ore Mountains to many exhibition mines as an idea for a Christmas celebration with elements of mining tradition. They vary from end-of-year celebrations focusing on strict historical authenticity, often held in the mine itself, attended by sponsors, friends, and in many cases honorary officials of the mine, through incentive events for which tickets are sold, to mining folk events put on in the city hall for bus tours. References1. ^Friedrich Waidacher, ed., Der Bergmann, der Hüttenmann, exhibition catalog, Graz: Steiermärkische Landesregierung, 1968, {{OCLC|163956308}}, [https://books.google.com/books?ei=torKTt4npuGIAtmHqQE&ct=result&id=PIY5AAAAMAAJ&dq=Mettenschicht&q=Zur+Weihnachtszeit+wird+in+den+Gruben+die+letzte+Schicht%2C+die+sogenannte+%E2%80%9EMettenschicht%22#search_anchor p. 335] {{de icon}} 2. ^Walter Werner and Eberhard Wächtler, Gedrechselte Geschichte: Bergleute und Fürsten, Reihe Weiss-Grün 20, Dresden: Sächsisches Druck- und Verlagshaus, 2000, {{ISBN|978-3-933442-33-8}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-QsnAQAAIAAJ&q=Mettenschicht&dq=Mettenschicht&hl=en&ei=torKTt4npuGIAtmHqQE&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBjgU p. 59] {{de icon}} 3. ^Review of Bernd Lahl, Mettenschichten im Erzgebirge: Geschichte, Berichte, Geschichten, Der Anschnitt 53 (2001) [https://books.google.com/books?ei=l4nKTp38AeOniALi4aHlCg&ct=result&id=B1UkAQAAIAAJ&dq=Mettenschicht&q=Die+erste+Mettenschicht+wird+zwischen+1+600+und+1+650+datiert%2C+als+das+Direktionsprinzip+als+Bergbauverfassung+schon+voll+ausgebildet+war.#search_anchor p. 223] {{de icon}} External sources
See also 5 : Christmas in Germany|Mining in the Ore Mountains|Mining culture and traditions|Articles containing video clips|History of mining in Germany |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。