| 词条 | Michael Stroukoff |
| 释义 |
|image = Michael Stroukoff sm.jpg |image_size = |caption = |name = Michael Stroukoff |nationality = Russian |birth_date = {{birth date|1883|1|29|df=y}} |birth_place = Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine |death_date = {{death date and age|1973|12|22|1883|1|29|df=y}} |death_place = Trenton, New Jersey |education = |spouse = Larissa Stroukoff, Lorraine Wolff Stroukoff |parents = |children = |discipline = |institutions = |practice_name = |significant_projects = |significant_design = Fairchild C-123 Provider |significant_advance = |significant_awards = }} Michael Stroukoff was a Russian-born aircraft designer, who served in the White Army before emigrating to the United States. After spending some time as an architect, he joined the Chase Aircraft Company and designed a number of transport aircraft for the United States Army Air Forces and the United States Air Force, later starting his own company to perform further aeronautical work. Early lifeBorn 29 January 1883 in Yekaterinoslav (Dnipropetrovsk), a city in the Russian Empire (now part of Ukraine), Stroukoff attended the Kiev Polytechnic Institute, graduating in 1908[1] with a degree in civic engineering.[2] Joining the Russian Army, he saw service during World War I, then after the war he served in the White Army during the Russian Revolution, attaining the rank of Major and being awarded the Order of St. George of the Fourth Degree.[3] With the defeat of the Whites by the Bolsheviks, he fled Russia and emigrated to the United States in 1922.[2][4] American careerFollowing his emigration, Stroukoff started a career in architecture and interior design,[3] before being appointed chief engineer and president of Chase Aircraft upon its foundation.[7] His first design was the XCG-14, a wooden troop-carrying assault glider, which was developed into the larger CG-18 and CG-20 gliders, the latter being the largest glider ever constructed in the United States.[1][5] Following World War II, the assault glider fell out of favour, replaced by powered transports, and Stroukoff modified a YG-18 into the prototype YC-122, and a small number of the aircraft were built.[5] More important was the conversion of the G-20 into the C-123, described as a "Winged Truck" by Stroukoff.[4] While one version of the aircraft was the first jet-powered transport built in America,[5] it was the piston-engined 'assault transport' version of the C-123 that won a contract from the United States Air Force for production; due to limited capacity at Chase, this was subcontracted to the Kaiser Manufacturing Company, which purchased a 49% interest in Chase Aircraft.[5] However, following a procurement scandal and political issues,[6] the C-123 contract was awarded to Fairchild Aircraft, and Kaiser bought out Chase Aircraft.[5] Setting up a new company, the Stroukoff Aircraft Corporation, Stroukoff continued work on improved versions of the C-123, most notably the YC-134, however none of them would go into production, and in 1959 the company closed down.[5] Death and legacyStroukoff died at the age of 90 in St. Francis Hospital in Trenton, New Jersey on December 22, 1973.[2][7] The Larissa Stroukoff Memorial Trophy, awarded by the Soaring Society of America for the highest speed recorded on a closed course in a glider during the U.S. National Open Class Soaring Championships, was designed by Stroukoff.[8] References
1. ^1 Sergievsky et al. 1998, p.128 2. ^1 2 "In Memoriam" Soaring. Volume 38, 1974. p.13. 3. ^1 Visschedijk 2009 4. ^1 Compere 1952, p.128. 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Pattillo 2000, pp.165-166. 6. ^Gunston 1977, p.164 7. ^{{cite news |title=Michael Stroukoff Dead; Aircraft Designer Was 90 |first= |last= |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/24/archives/michael-stroukoff-dead-aircraft-designer-was-90.html |format=fee required |newspaper=The New York Times |publisher= |date=23 December 1973 |page= |accessdate=2010-11-26}} 8. ^SSA Awards and SSA Recognized Awards: The Larissa Stroukoff Memorial Trophy, Soaring Society of America. Accessed 2010-11-26.
External links
15 : People from Kiev|Russian military personnel of World War I|White movement people|White Russian emigrants to the United States|American aerospace engineers|Russian aerospace engineers|20th-century American architects|American people of Russian descent|20th-century American businesspeople|Aviation inventors|1883 births|1973 deaths|20th-century Ukrainian people|American inventors|Imperial Russian emigrants to the United States |
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