| 词条 | Licchavi (kingdom) |
| 释义 |
The language of Licchavi inscriptions is Vajjika, and the particular script used is closely related to official Gupta scripts, suggesting that the other major kingdoms of the Classical Period to the south were a significant cultural influence. This was likely through Mithila, a region now situated mainly in India with a small part in Nepal. A table of the evolution of certain Gupta characters used in Licchavi inscriptions prepared by Gautamavajra Vajrācārya can be found online.[2] RecordsIt is believed that a branch of the Lichhavi clan, having lost their political fortune in Bihar[1], came to Kathmandu, attacking and defeating the last Kirat King Gasti. In the Buddhist Pali canon, the Licchavi are mentioned in a number of discourses, most notably the Licchavi Sutta,[3] the popular Ratana Sutta[4] and the fourth chapter of the Petavatthu.[5] The Mahayana Vimalakirti Sutra also spoke of the city of Vaisali as where the lay Licchavi bodhisattva Vimalakirti was residing.[6] The earliest known physical record of the kingdom is an inscription of Mānadeva, which dates from 464. It mentions three preceding rulers, suggesting that the Licchavi dynasty began in the late 4th century. GovernmentThe Licchavi were ruled by a Maharaja ("great king"), who was aided by a prime minister, in charge of the military and of other ministers. Nobles, known as samanta influenced the court whilst simultaneously managing their own landholdings and militia. At one point, between approximately 605 and 641, a prime minister called Amshuverma actually assumed the throne. The population provided land taxes and conscript labour (vishti) to support the government. Most local administration was performed by village heads or leading families. EconomyThe economy was agricultural, relying on rice and other grains as staples. Villages (grama) were grouped into dranga for administration. Lands were owned by the royal family, nobles.Trade was also very important,with many settlements positioned along trading routes. Tibet and India were both trading partners. GeographyDomainSettlements already filled the entire valley during the Licchavi period. Further settlement was made east toward Banepa, west toward Tisting, and northwest toward present-day Gorkha. RulersThe following list was adapted from The Licchavi Kings, by Tamot & Alsop,[7] and is approximate only, especially with respect to dates.
See also
References1. ^1 {{citation|author=G. P. Singh|title=Researches Into the History and Civilization of the Kirātas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ff2gk27p9oC&pg=PA437|year=2008|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=978-81-212-0281-7|pages=437}} 2. ^Gautamavajra Vajrācārya, "Recently Discovered Inscriptions of Licchavi Nepal", Kathmandu Kailash - Journal of Himalayan Studies. Volume 1, Number 2, 1973. (pp. 117-134) 3. ^"Licchavi Sutta," translated from the Pali by Thanissaro Bhikkhu (2004). 4. ^"Ratana Sutta: The Jewel Discourse," translated from the Pali by Piyadassi Thera (1999). 5. ^Petavatthu, Fourth Chapter, in Pali. 6. ^{{cite web|last1=Thurman|first1=Robert|title=VIMALAKIRTI NIRDESA SUTRA|url=http://www2.kenyon.edu/Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Reln260/Vimalakirti.htm|accessdate=17 September 2014}} 7. ^Tamot, Kashinath and Alsop, Ian. "A Kushan-period Sculpture, The Licchavi Kings", Asianart.com External links
4 : Licchavi kingdom|Former monarchies of Asia|States and territories established in the 5th century|States and territories disestablished in the 8th century |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。