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词条 Licensed to Ill
释义

  1. Background

  2. Artwork

  3. Critical reception

  4. Commercial performance

  5. Track listing

  6. Sample credits

  7. Personnel

  8. Charts

  9. See also

  10. References

{{use mdy dates|date=May 2016}}{{Infobox album
| name = Licensed to Ill
| type = studio
| artist = Beastie Boys
| cover = Licensed to ill.jpg
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|1986|11|15|mf=yes}}
| recorded = 1986
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = {{flatlist|
  • Rap rock[1][2]
  • hip hop[3]

}}
| length = {{Duration|m=44|s=33}}
| label = {{flatlist|
  • Def Jam
  • Columbia

}}
| producer = {{flatlist|
  • Rick Rubin
  • Beastie Boys

}}
| prev_title = Polly Wog Stew
| prev_year = 1982
| next_title = Paul's Boutique
| next_year = 1989
| misc = {{Singles
| name = Licensed to Ill
| type = studio
| single1 = Hold It Now, Hit It
| single1date = April 15, 1986
| single2 = Paul Revere
| single2date = August 13, 1986
| single3 = The New Style
| single3date = November 6, 1986
| single4 = (You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (To Party!)
| single4date = December 1986[3]
| single5 = Brass Monkey
| single5date = January 5, 1987
| single6 = No Sleep till Brooklyn
| single6date = March 1, 1987
| single7 = Girls
| single7date = May 6, 1987
}}
}}

Licensed to Ill is the debut studio album by American hip hop group Beastie Boys. It was released on November 15, 1986 by Def Jam and Columbia Records, and became the first rap LP to top the Billboard album chart. It is one of Columbia Records' fastest-selling debut records to date and was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America in 2015 for shipping over ten million copies in the United States.

Background

The group originally wanted to title the album Don't Be a Faggot, but Columbia Records refused to release the album under this title—arguing that it was homophobic—and pressured Russell Simmons, the Beastie Boys' manager and head of Def Jam Recordings at the time, into forcing them to choose another name.[4][5] Adam Horovitz has since apologized for the album's earlier title.[6]

Kerry King of Slayer made an appearance on the album playing lead guitar on "No Sleep Till Brooklyn" and appeared in the music video which is a parody of glam metal.[7] The name of the song itself is a spoof on Motörhead's No Sleep 'til Hammersmith album.[7] King's appearance on the track came about because Rick Rubin was producing both bands simultaneously (Slayer's Reign in Blood was originally released a month earlier on Def Jam).[7]CBS/Fox Video released a video album of the five Licensed to Ill videos, plus "She's on It" in 1987 to capitalize on the album's success.[8] A laserdisc version was also released in Japan.[8] All versions of the CBS/Fox release are currently out of print because the rights to the album passed from Columbia and Sony Music to Universal Music Group, and also because of the acrimonious nature of the band's departure from Def Jam Records.[8] Until the 2005 release of the CD/DVD Solid Gold Hits, none of the Def Jam-era videos had been included on any subsequent Beastie Boys video compilations.[8] The Solid Gold Hits DVD includes the videos for "Fight for Your Right" and "No Sleep Till Brooklyn", as well as a live version of "Brass Monkey" from a 2004 concert.[8]

Artwork

The full album cover, front to back, features the Beastie Boys' private jet crashing head-on into the side of a mountain, appearing as an extinguished joint.[9]The idea for the album's cover came from the album's producer, Rick Rubin, after reading the Led Zeppelin biography, Hammer of the Gods. The artwork was created by Stephen Byram and World B. Omes. The album cover was featured in Storm Thorgerson's and Aubrey Powell's book, 100 Best Album Covers.[10]

The cover design has since been appropriated by fellow rapper, Eminem, for the cover of his 2018 album, Kamikaze.

Critical reception

{{Album reviews
| rev1 = AllMusic
| rev1Score = {{rating|5|5}}[11]
| rev2 = Christgau's Record Guide
| rev2Score = A+[12]
| rev3 = Orlando Sentinel
| rev3Score = {{Rating|4|5}}[13]
| rev4 = Pitchfork
| rev4Score = 7.8/10[14]
| rev5 = Q
| rev5Score = {{Rating|4|5}}[15]
| rev6 = The Rolling Stone Album Guide
| rev6Score = {{Rating|5|5}}[16]
| rev7 = The Source
| rev7Score = 5/5[17]
| rev8 = Spin Alternative Record Guide
| rev8Score = 10/10[18]
}}

In 1998, the album was selected as one of The Source{{'}}s 100 Best Rap Albums.[19] It is the only album by a Jewish hip-hop act to receive 5 mics from The Source.[17] In 2003, the album was ranked number 217 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time[20] and in 2013 the magazine named it the best debut album of all time.[21] Vibe included it in Vibe's 100 Essential Albums of the 20th Century.[22] Q gave the album four out of five stars, saying "Licensed to Ill remains the world's only punk rock rap album, arguably superior to Never Mind the Bollocks ... knowing that apathy and slovenliness were just around the corner."[23] Melody Maker gave the album a positive review, saying "There's lots of self-reverential bragging, more tenuous rhymes than are usually permitted by law and, most importantly of all, an unshakably glorious celebration of being alive ... A surprisingly enduring classic."[24] In 2002, Pitchfork ranked the album at #41 in its list of the "Top 100 Albums of the 1980s", despite their prior unflattering review of the album.[25] In the 2018 edition of the "Top 200 Albums of the 1980s", the album placed #103.[26]

In 2006, Q magazine placed the album at number 16 in its list of "40 Best Albums of the '80s".[27] In 2012, Slant Magazine listed the album at number 12 on its list of "Best Albums of the 1980s" saying "Rife with layer upon layer of sampling, start-stop transitions, and aggressive beats, it helped transform the genre from a direct dialogue between MC and DJ into a piercing, multi-threaded narrative" and "helped set an exciting template for the future".[28] Eminem said the album was one of his favorites of all time and said it changed hip hop.[29] The album was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.[30]

Commercial performance

The album was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on February 2, 1987 and eventually was certified Diamond on March 4, 2015.[31] The single "Brass Monkey" was certified Gold for shipment of 500,000+ sales.[31] In 2012, in the week following Adam Yauch's death, which subsequently resulted in a surge in sales of Beastie Boys albums, Licensed to Ill reached number 1 on Billboard{{'}}s Catalog Albums chart.[32] The album also re-entered the Billboard 200 chart at number 18.[33]

Track listing

{{Track listing
| collapsed = no
| all_writing = Beastie Boys and Rick Rubin, except where noted
| extra_column = Notes
| title1 = Rhymin & Stealin
| length1 = 4:08
| title2 = The New Style
| length2 = 4:35
| title3 = She's Crafty
| length3 = 3:35
| title4 = Posse in Effect
| length4 = 2:26
| title5 = Slow Ride
| extra5 = Title refers to the Foghat song of the same name.
| length5 = 2:57
| title6 = Girls
| length6 = 2:14
| extra6 =
| title7 = Fight for Your Right
| length7 = 3:27
| title8 = No Sleep till Brooklyn
| length8 = 4:07
| extra8 = Slayer's Kerry King provided the guitar solo.
| title9 = Paul Revere
| writer9 = Adam Horovitz, Darryl McDaniels, Rubin, Joseph Simmons
| extra9 = Prominently featured in the track is reversed Roland 808 closed hi-hat, bass, and rimshot.
| length9 = 3:41
| title10 = Hold It Now, Hit It
| length10 = 3:26
| title11 = Brass Monkey
| length11 = 2:37
| title12 = Slow and Low
| writer12 = McDaniels, Rubin, Simmons
| length12 = 3:38
| title13 = Time to Get Ill
| length13 = 3:37
}}

Sample credits

All credits taken from WhoSampled[34]

"Rhymin & Stealin"
  • "When the Levee Breaks" by Led Zeppelin
  • "Sweet Leaf" by Black Sabbath
  • "I Fought the Law" by The Clash
"The New Style"
  • "Drop the Bomb" by Trouble Funk
  • "Kool Is Back" by Funk, Inc.
  • "Peter Piper" by Run-D.M.C.
  • "Two, Three, Break" by The B-Boys
"She's Crafty"
  • "The Ocean" by Led Zeppelin
"Posse in Effect"
  • "Catch a Groove" by Juice
  • "Pee-Wee's Dance" by Joeski Love
  • "Change the Beat (Female Version)" by Beside
"Slow Ride"
  • "Low Rider" by War
  • "Down on the Avenue" by Fat Larry's Band
  • "Take the Money and Run" by Steve Miller Band
"Paul Revere"
  • "It's Yours" by T La Rock and Jazzy Jay
  • "Rocket in the Pocket (Live)" by Cerrone
  • "Hardcore Hip Hop" by Mantronix
"Hold It Now, Hit It"
  • "Take Me to the Mardi Gras" by Bob James
  • "Funky Stuff" by Kool & the Gang
  • "The Return of Leroy Pt. 1" by The Jimmy Castor Bunch
  • "La Di Da Di" by Doug E. Fresh and Slick Rick
  • "Christmas Rappin'" by Kurtis Blow
  • "Drop the Bomb" and "Let's Get Small" by Trouble Funk
  • "Time to Get Ill" by Beastie Boys
"Brass Monkey"
  • "Bring It Here" by Wild Sugar
"Slow and Low"
  • "8th Wonder" by Sugarhill Gang
  • "Flick of the Switch" by AC/DC
"Time to Get Ill"
  • "I'm Gonna Love You Just a Little More Baby" by Barry White
  • "Down on the Corner" by Creedence Clearwater Revival
  • "Custard Pie" by Led Zeppelin
  • "I Love Rock 'n' Roll" by Joan Jett & the Blackhearts
  • "Nothing From Nothing" by Billy Preston
  • "Gucci Time" by Schoolly D
  • "Mister Ed" by Jay Livingston
  • "Take the Money and Run" by Steve Miller Band
  • "Flick of the Switch" by AC/DC
  • "Green Acres" by Vic Mizzy, Eddie Albert and Eva Gabor
  • "Rocket in the Pocket (Live)" by Cerrone
  • "The Party Scene" by The Russell Brothers
  • "Funky Stuff" by Kool & the Gang
  • "Jam on the Groove" by Ralph MacDonald

Personnel

  • Beastie Boys – producers
  • Joe Blaney – mixing
  • Steven Ett – audio engineer
  • Kerry King – lead guitar on "No Sleep till Brooklyn"
  • Rick Rubin – producer
  • Steve Byram – art direction
  • Sunny Bak – photography
  • World B. Omes (David Gambale) – cover art
  • Nelson Keene Carse – trombone
  • Danny Lipman – trumpet
  • Tony Orbach – tenor saxophone

Charts

{{albumchart|Billboard200|1|artist=Beastie Boys|album=Licensed to Ill|date=September 18, 2013|refname=Billboard 200|accessdate=2013-09-18}}{{albumchart|BillboardRandBHipHop|2|artist=Beastie Boys|album=Licensed to Ill|accessdate=September 19, 2013}}
Chart (1987)Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[35]62

See also

  • List of hip hop albums considered to be influential
  • Kamikaze, a 2018 Eminem album with a similar cover

References

1. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/05/arts/music/adam-yauch-a-founder-of-the-beastie-boys-dies-at-47.html?_r=0 | title=Rapper Conquered Music World in '80s With Beastie Boys | work=The New York Times | date=May 4, 2012 | accessdate=June 14, 2016 | author=Parales, Jon}}
2. ^{{cite web | url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/05/05/showbiz/music/adam-yauch-beastie-legacy-ew/ | title=Beastie Boys' Adam Yauch's musical legacy: Changing all games, all the time | publisher=CNN | date=May 7, 2012 | accessdate=June 14, 2016 | author=Anderson, Kyle}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100/1986-12-20|title=Music: Top 100 Songs (DECEMBER 20, 1986)|quote=86 Last Week: -- (You Gotta) Fight For Your Right (To Party!) Beastie Boys}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://entertainment.ca.msn.com/music/photos/the-most-controversial-lyrics-in-music?page=7 |title=Beastie Boys "Licensed to Ill" – The most controversial lyrics in music |publisher=MSN Canada. Microsoft |date=September 16, 2011 |accessdate=May 5, 2013 |author=Plummer, Sean}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.spin.com/1998/09/story-yo-oral-history-beastie-boys/?page=2 |title=The Story of Yo: The Oral History of the Beastie Boys |publisher=Spin Media |work=Spin |date=September 4, 1998 |accessdate=May 4, 2013 |author=Light, Alan}}
6. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/Columnists/Column/0,5673,945461,00.html |title=Hiphopophobia |accessdate=November 24, 2007 |last=Williams |first=Zoe |date=April 29, 2003 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |issn=0261-3077}}
7. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/beastie-boys/biography |title=Beastie Boys Biography |publisher=Rolling Stone |accessdate=January 17, 2014}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |author=Klep One |url=http://www.defjam.com/since-1984-beastie-boys-licensed-to-ill-released-27-years-ago/ |title=Since 1984: Beastie Boys - "Licensed To Ill" Released 27 Years Ago! Def Jam |publisher=Defjam.com |date=November 15, 2013 |accessdate=January 17, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211224053/http://www.defjam.com/since-1984-beastie-boys-licensed-to-ill-released-27-years-ago/ |archivedate=February 11, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}
9. ^{{cite web|author=Jensen, K. Thor|url=http://www.ugo.com/music/licensed-to-ill |title=Licensed To Ill – Secrets Of Album Covers |publisher=UGO.com |date=March 24, 2011 |accessdate=January 17, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222115303/http://www.ugo.com/music/licensed-to-ill|archivedate=February 22, 2014}}
10. ^Diffuser|Cover Stories: Licensed to Ill
11. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/licensed-to-ill-mw0000649870 |title=Licensed to Ill – Beastie Boys |publisher=AllMusic |accessdate=October 12, 2011 |last=Erlewine |first=Stephen Thomas |authorlink=Stephen Thomas Erlewine}}
12. ^{{cite book |chapter-url=http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_album.php?id=3478 |chapter=The Beastie Boys: Licensed to Ill |accessdate=October 12, 2011 |title=The '80s |last=Christgau |first=Robert |authorlink=Robert Christgau |publisher=Pantheon Books |year=1990 |isbn=0-679-73015-X |page=50}}
13. ^{{cite news |url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1986-12-21/entertainment/0280220184_1_beastie-boys-licensed-to-ill-rap |title=Beastie Boys |work=Orlando Sentinel |date=December 21, 1986 |accessdate=April 7, 2017 |last=Duffy |first=Tom}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/reviews/albums/607-licensed-to-ill/ |title=Beastie Boys: Licensed to Ill |work=Pitchfork |date=April 15, 2004 |accessdate=October 12, 2011 |last=Leone |first=Dominique |authorlink=Dominique Leone}}
15. ^{{cite journal |title=Beastie Boys: Licensed to Ill |work=Q |issue=96 |date=September 1994 |page=123}}
16. ^{{cite book |chapter=Beastie Boys |last=Levy |first=Joe |title=The New Rolling Stone Album Guide |editor1-last=Brackett |editor1-first=Nathan |editor2-last=Hoard |editor2-first=Christian |publisher=Simon & Schuster |edition=4th |year=2004 |isbn=0-7432-0169-8 |pages=49–51}}
17. ^1 {{cite journal |title=none |journal=The Source |issue=150 |date=March 2002}}
18. ^{{cite book |title=Spin Alternative Record Guide |editor1-last=Weisbard |editor1-first=Eric |editor2-last=Marks |editor2-first=Craig |publisher=Vintage Books |year=1995 |isbn=0-679-75574-8 |pages=46–47}}
19. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/source.htm#100albums |title=100 Best Rap Albums |accessdate={{date|2007-11-24|mdy}} |magazine=The Source |issue=#100 |date=January 1998 |location=New York |issn=1063-2085}}
20. ^{{cite journal |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939357/the_rs_500_greatest_albums_of_all_time/ |title=500 Greatest Albums of All Time |accessdate={{date|2007-11-24|mdy}} |magazine=Rolling Stone | date=November 2003 |issue=Special Issue |publisher=Straight Arrow |issn=0035-791X |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821053344/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939357/the_rs_500_greatest_albums_of_all_time |archivedate={{date|2006-08-21|mdy}}}}
21. ^[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/the-100-greatest-debut-albums-of-all-time-20130322/licensed-to-ill-19691231 'Licensed to Ill' | The 100 Best Debut Albums of All Time | Rolling Stone]
22. ^{{cite news |title=Vibe Magazine |magazine=Vibe |date=December 1999 |page=158 |publisher=InterMedia Partners |location=New York City |issn=1070-4701}}
23. ^{{cite news |magazine=Q |title=Q Magazine |date=September 1994 |page=123 |publisher=Bauer Media |issn=0955-4955}}
24. ^{{cite news |title= Melody Maker |magazine=Melody Maker |date={{date|7/22/95|mdy}} |page=35 |location=London |publisher=Holborn |issn=0025-9012}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://pitchfork.com/features/staff-lists/5882-top-100-albums-of-the-1980s/6/ |title=Staff Lists: Top 100 Albums of the 1980s | Features |publisher=Pitchfork |date=November 20, 2002 |accessdate=January 17, 2014}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/the-200-best-albums-of-the-1980s/?page=5 |title=Staff Lists: Top 200 Albums of the 1980s; Features |publisher=Pitchfork |date=September 10, 2018 |accessdate=November 1, 2018}}
27. ^{{cite news |title= Q Magazine| magazine=Q |date=August 2006 |issue=241 |publisher=Bauer Media |issn=0955-4955}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/feature/best-albums-of-the-1980s/308/page_9 |title=The 100 Best Albums of the 1980s | Feature |publisher=Slant Magazine |accessdate=January 17, 2014}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pjospDK0L_I |title=Eminem talks about his upcoming 8th solo album (2012 Interview) |publisher=YouTube |date=July 29, 2012 |accessdate=January 17, 2014}}
30. ^{{cite book|author1=Robert Dimery|author2=Michael Lydon|title=1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die: Revised and Updated Edition|date=March 23, 2010|publisher=Universe|isbn=978-0-7893-2074-2}}
31. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/29-years-later-beastie-boys-licensed-to-ill-sells-10-million-copies-20150318 |title=RIAA News Room - Pass The Mic ... Beastie Boys Are Still 'Licensed' - Oct 02, 2001 |publisher=Riaa.com |date=October 2, 2001 |accessdate=January 17, 2014}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/2012-05-19/catalog-albums|title=Catalog Albums - Week of May 19, 2012|publisher=Billboard|accessdate=May 10, 2012 }}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/2012-05-19/billboard-200|title=Billboard 200 - Week of May 19, 2012|publisher=Billboard|accessdate=May 10, 2012}}
34. ^{{Cite web|title = Beastie Boys on WhoSampled|url = http://www.whosampled.com/Beastie-Boys/|website = WhoSampled|accessdate = October 2, 2015}}
35. ^{{cite book|last=Kent|first=David|authorlink=David Kent (historian)|title=Australian Chart Book 1970–1992|edition=Illustrated|publisher=Australian Chart Book|location=St Ives, N.S.W.|page=29|year=1993|isbn=0-646-11917-6}} N.B. The Kent Report chart was licensed by ARIA between 1983 and June 19, 1988.
{{Beastie Boys}}

7 : 1986 debut albums|Albums produced by Rick Rubin|Beastie Boys albums|Def Jam Recordings albums|Columbia Records albums|Rap rock albums by American artists|Hip hop albums by American artists
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