1. Historical background
    In literature 

2. In popular culture
    Comics   Film  Literature  Television  Tabletop and card games  Video games 

3. See also

4. References

In fantasy fiction, a lich ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ɪ|tʃ}};^[1] from Old English līċ meaning "corpse") is a type of undead creature. Often such a creature is the result of a transformation, as a powerful magician skilled in necromancy or a king striving for eternal life using spells or rituals to bind his intellect and soul to his 'phylactery' and thereby achieving a form of immortality. Liches are depicted as being clearly cadaverous, bodies desiccated or completely skeletal. Liches are often depicted as holding power over hordes of lesser undead creatures, using them as soldiers and servants. Unlike zombies, which are often depicted as mindless, a lich is sapient, retaining independent thought and is as intelligent as it was prior to its transformation.

Various works of fantasy fiction, such as Clark Ashton Smith's "Empire of the Necromancers" (1936), had used lich as a general term for any corpse, animated or inanimate, before the term's specific use in fantasy role-playing games. The more recent use of the term lich for a specific type of undead creature originates from the 1976 Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game booklet Greyhawk, written by Gary Gygax and Rob Kuntz.^[2]

Historical background

In literature

The lich developed from monsters found in earlier classic sword and sorcery fiction, which is filled with powerful sorcerers who use their magic to triumph over death. Many of Clark Ashton Smith's short stories feature powerful wizards whose magic enables them to return from the dead. Several stories by Robert E. Howard, such as the novella Skull-Face (1929) and the short story "Scarlet Tears", feature undying sorcerers who retain a semblance of life through mystical means, their bodies reduced to shriveled husks with which they manage to maintain inhuman mobility and active thought.^[4] Gary Gygax, one of the cocreators of Dungeons & Dragons, stated that he based the description of a lich included in the game on the short story "The Sword of the Sorcerer" (1969) by Gardner Fox.^[5][6] The term lich, used as an archaic word for corpse (or body), is commonly used in these stories. Ambrose Bierce's tale of possession "The Death of Halpin Frayser" features the word in its introduction, referring to a corpse. H. P. Lovecraft also used the word in "The Thing on the Doorstep" (published 1937) where the narrator refers to the corpse of his friend possessed by a sorcerer.^[7] Other imagery surrounding demiliches, in particular that of a jeweled skull, is drawn from the early Fritz Leiber story "Thieves' House".^[8]

In popular culture

Comics

• The Hellboy short story Tales of the Worm Lord features a lich as the main antagonist.
• In the webcomic The Order of the Stick, the main villain Xykon is a lich.

Film

• In the 1997 animated film Anastasia, the character of Rasputin is an example of a lich. Rasputin lives beyond death by storing his soul in Phylactery described as an "unholy reliquary," which must be destroyed by the film's protagonist at the conclusion of the film.
• In Mysticons, the undead sorceress Queen Necrafa is a Lich-Queen. Her power is suggested to originate from something called the spectral hand, the nature of which is as of yet unknown.
• In the film The Black Cauldron, the character of The Horned King is hinted at being a lich with his skeleton-like appearance and immense magical power.

Literature

• In the novel Taran Wanderer, Book 4 of the Chronicles of Prydain by Lloyd Alexander, the title character Taran meets a wizard named Morda who placed his soul into a finger and hid it. Taran is unable to harm Morda, nor Morda him, until Taran recognizes and destroys Morda's phylactery.
• In Gothic story "The Death of Halpin Frayser".
• In the light novel series KonoSuba, as well as its manga and anime adaptations, the supporting character Wiz is a lich. She has a human-like appearance, unlike many other liches in fiction.
• In the Harry Potter book series, the primary antagonist, Voldemort, is a dark wizard who separates his soul from his body using magic, and then imbues these soul fragments into various objects, creatures, and people. He is thereafter unkillable until said vessels are destroyed, making him and his horcruxes very similar to the concept of a lich and its phylactery. The demilich, a more powerful subtype of a lich in Dungeons & Dragons, can likewise store portions of its soul into eight or more different phylacteries.
• In the novel Grunge by Larry Correia and John Ringo, Chad Gardenier and the company he works for, Monster Hunter International, destroy a lich in Seattle who is sacrificing virgins to create strong undead for sale to the highest bidder.
• In Ready Player One, a novel by Ernest Cline, main character Parzival first earned the Copper Key by defeating a lich two games out of three at the arcade game Joust.

Television

• In the Adventure Time television series, the main antagonist is an evil, undead being known simply as "The Lich". He describes himself as an ancient, cosmic being who is the manifestation of the inevitable death of all things, while Finn is his opposite, a being of life and goodwill. Both are manifestations of Catalyst Comets, colored comets that broke off the Cosmic Comet, the source of life. The Lich is born of the Green Comet while Finn is born of the Blue Comet.
• At least in physical appearance, Skeletor, from the animated fantasy series Masters of the Universe, might be considered a lich given his yellow cadaverous face, and his ever present ram-headed staff (his phylactery).

Tabletop and card games

• In the Dungeons & Dragons game (and other works of fantasy fiction that draw upon D&D for inspiration) a lich is often a spellcaster or someone assisted by a spellcaster who seeks to defy death by magical means.
  • In the Balance Arc of D&D-based podcast and fantasy series The Adventure Zone the characters of Lup and Barry Bluejeans as well as antagonists Lydia and Edward are all known liches.
• In The Gathering, several cards represent liches.
• in Yu-Gi-Oh! “Number 48: Shadow Lich” is a rank three zombie type XYZ monster with 1800 attack points and 0 defense points. This card can summon one “Shadow Token” once during the your opponent’s turn by detaching 1 XYZ material. It then gains 500 attack points for each “Shadow Token” on the field.

Video games

• In Catacomb 3D and related games, the main antagonist is a lich named Nemesis.
• In the CRPG Original Sin, the players have to fight a lich, Cassandra, late in the last act. She is the sister of one of the main antagonists.
• In the game Dota 2, Lich is one of the playable heroes.
• The video game Gauntlet Dark Legacy features a lich as the boss at the end of the very first realm.
• In the Guild Wars game franchise, the characters Palawa Joko and Vizier Khilbron are liches.
• In Morrowind and Oblivion, liches are powerful undead enemies the player may face in certain ruins. Skyrim features dragon priests in Nordic tombs that are considered{{by whom|date=June 2017}} to be powerful liches. Liches also appear in The Elder Scrolls Online.
• In the video game Enter the Gungeon, Lich is the final boss located in Bullet Hell.
• Liches are prominent in the Might and Magic series of video games, appearing primarily as enemies, but also as playable characters in several installments. They are equally prevalent in the spin-off series Heroes of Might and Magic, where they appear in most installments as recruitable creatures, but also as heroes. One of the most prolific liches in New World Computing's old continuity was Sandro, appearing in many titles and referenced in many more. The primary antagonist of Heroes of Might and Magic III: Restoration of Erathia is also a lich: the former king of Erathia raised by necromancers.
• Warcraft III and Wrath of the Lich King features the continent of Northrend, the realm of the eponymous Lich King and his undead minions.^[9]
• In League of Legends, the champion Karthus embraced the gift of death, now continuing his unlife as a lich (as stated through lore).
• In Minion Masters, The master Mordar is a lich of immense power. He slowly consumes souls of enemies in the field as well as a chance to grant his own minions a spell of immortality.
• In Kingdom Hearts III, a Lich Heartless steals the hearts of the Guardians of Light, causing the main hero Sora to dive repeatedly into a dangerous abyss to defeat it and recover each heart. A series villain comments that the Lich exists "to usher hearts down into the depths of darkness", separating hearts from bodies, possibly for its own personal use.

See also

• Lyke-Wake Dirge
• Koschei
• Nazgûl
• Thulsa Doom
• Wight
• Wraith

References

• Bishop Johnson School & College
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• Bishop Justus Church of England School
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• Bishop, Kevin
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• Bishop Llwmbert II
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• Bishop Martin High School