“Microcell-mediated chromosome transfer”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The term MMCT was first used by Fournier and Ruddle in 1977.^[3] Their method was based on previous work from 1974 by Ege, Ringertz, Veomett and colleagues,^[4]^[5] synthesizing the techniques used at the time to induce multinucleation in cells, nuclear removal and cell-cell fusions. The next major step in MMCT came during the 1980s when new transfection techniques were utilized to introduce selectable markers onto chromosomes thus making it possible to select for the introduction of specific chromosomes and more easily create defined hybrids.^[1]

Procedure

Procedures for MMCT differ slightly but they all require: the induction of multinucleation, enucleation (nuclear removal), and fusion. Multinucleation is usually accomplished through causing prolonged mitotic arrest by colcemid treatment. Certain cells will then "slip" out of mitosis and form multiple nuclei. These nuclei can then be removed using cytochalasin B to disrupt the cytoskeleton and centrifugation in a density gradient to force enucleation. The newly created microcells can then be fused to recipient (target) cells by exposure to poly ethylene glycol, use of Sendai virus, or electrofusion.^[1]^[6]

Variations now allow construction of "humanized" mice with large pieces from human chromosomes^[7] as well as new methods for human and mouse artificial chromosomes.^[8]

References

1. ^¹²³{{cite journal | journal=Mamm Genome | date=Sep 2003 | volume=14 | issue=9 | pages=583–92 | title=Microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT): small cells with huge potential |vauthors=Doherty AM, Fisher EM | doi=10.1007/s00335-003-4002-0}}
2. ^{{cite journal | journal =PLOS ONE | date= Feb 2007| volume=2 | issue=2| pages=e199 | title=Artificially introduced aneuploid chromosomes assume a conserved position in colon cancer cells | author=Sengupta K.|display-authors=etal | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0000199 | pmid=17332847 | pmc=1805818}}
3. ^{{cite journal | journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA | date= Jan 1977 | volume=74 | issue=1 | pages=319–23 | title=Microcell-mediated transfer of murine chromosomes into mouse, Chinese hamster, and human somatic cells |vauthors=Fournier RE, Ruddle FH | PMID= 264685 | pmc=393251 | doi=10.1073/pnas.74.1.319}}
4. ^{{cite journal | journal=Exp. Cell Res. | date= Aug 1974 | volume=87 | issue=2 | pages=378–82 | title=Preparation of microcells by enucleation of micronucleate cells |vauthors=Ege T, Ringertz NR | PMID= 4370277 | doi=10.1016/0014-4827(74)90494-7}}
5. ^{{cite journal | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci USA | date=May 1974 | volume=71 |issue=5 | pages=1999–2002| title=Reconstruction of mammalian cells from nuclear and cytoplasmic components separated by treatment with cytochalasin B |vauthors=Veomett G, Prescott DM, Shay J, Porter KR | PMID= 4525471 | pmc=388372 | doi=10.1073/pnas.71.5.1999}}
6. ^{{ cite journal | journal=Methods | date= Feb 1996 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=3–11 |title=Production of Microcell Hybrids |vauthors=Killary AM, Lott ST | PMID= 9245337 | doi=10.1006/meth.1996.0002}}
7. ^{{cite journal | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci USA| date = Jan 2000 | volume = 97 | issue = 2 | pages = 722–7 | title = Double trans-chromosomic mice: maintenance of two individual human chromosome fragments containing Ig heavy and kappa loci and expression of fully human antibodies | vauthors = Tomizuka K, Shinohara T, Yoshida H, Uejima H, Ohguma A, Tanaka S, Sato K, Oshimura M, Ishida I | pmid = 10639146 | pmc = 15397 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.97.2.722}}
8. ^{{cite journal | journal=Chromosome Res. |date = Feb 2015 |volume = 23 |issue = 1 | pages = 111–33 | pmid = 25657031 | title = A pathway from chromosome transfer to engineering resulting in human and mouse artificial chromosomes for a variety of applications to bio-medical challenges |vauthors = Oshimura M, Uno N, Kazuki Y, Katoh M, Inoue T | doi = 10.1007/s10577-014-9459-z | pmc = 4365188}}

History

Procedure

References