| 词条 | Midge Costanza |
| 释义 |
|name = Midge Costanza |image = Margaret Constanza - NARA - 173904.tif |office = Director of the Office of Public Liaison |president = Jimmy Carter |term_start = January 20, 1977 |term_end = September 1, 1978 |predecessor = William Baroody |successor = Anne Wexler |birth_date = {{birth date|1932|11|28}} |birth_place = LeRoy, New York, U.S. |death_date = {{death date and age|2010|3|23|1932|11|28}} |death_place = San Diego, California, U.S. |party = Democratic |education = University of Colorado, Boulder University of California, Los Angeles {{small|(BA)}} }}Margaret "Midge" Costanza (November 28, 1932 – March 23, 2010) was an American Presidential advisor, social and political activist. A lifelong champion of gay and women's rights, she was known for her wit, outspoken manner and commitment to her convictions.[1] Early life and familyCostanza was born to Philip Costanza and Concetta Granata Costanza on November 28, 1932 in LeRoy, New York and was raised in Rochester. Her parents were Sicilian immigrant sausage-makers. Following various clerical jobs she took after high school, Costanza became an administrative assistant for a real estate developer in Rochester, using this job to become active in several community organizations.[1] Political careerActivist, councilwoman, and vice-mayor of RochesterTaking an interest in politics, Costanza volunteered on W. Averell Harriman's campaign for governor in 1954 and soon became the Monroe County, New York executive director of Robert F. Kennedy's Senate campaign in 1964. She served as a Democratic National Committee member from 1972 until 1977. In 1973 she ran for an at-large seat on the Rochester city council, becoming Rochester's first councilwoman in a landslide. The recipient of the largest votes traditionally was named mayor, however the council chose a man for the post, naming Costanza vice-mayor, a largely ceremonial position with little power.[1] Congressional aspirationsCostanza lost a race for the United States House of Representatives in 1974 to the popular Republican incumbent. In 1976 when Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter ran for President of the United States, Costanza served as co-chair of his New York campaign operation and gave a seconding speech for him at the Democratic National Convention (Carter had been a volunteer in Costanza's congressional campaign two years prior).[1] Woman in the White HouseUpon Carter's election Costanza was named Assistant to the President for Public Liaison, moving into the office next door to the Oval Office. Costanza was nicknamed "the President's window to the nation", consulting with a wide array of groups. Costanza caused controversy when she invited fourteen National Gay Task Force leaders and gay rights activists to the White House at the height of Anita Bryant's homophobic "Save Our Children" campaign.[1] Costanza went on to arrange discussions between the NGTF co-directors and senior officials of the administration. Public disagreements with some of the president's policies, caused controversy and saw Costanza's role in the White House diminished. As her successor Anne Wexler described it: "OPL under Costanza had functioned as an office providing responsiveness to interest groups, a form of White House case work, but had not taken enough initiative to enlist group support by building coalitions that would move the president’s program on Capitol Hill."[2] Affirming her support for Carter, she resigned from his administration effective September 1, 1978.[3] Costanza had been popular with women's groups, and had earned herself a Newsweek cover titled "Woman in the White House".[4] Following her resignation many feminists were angered with Carter, feeling he had "fired" Costanza, on whom much pressure was put to quit.[5] Career and activism after the White HouseCostanza became executive director of her friend Shirley MacLaine's "Higher Self" seminars after moving to Los Angeles and later became vice-president at Alan Landsburg Productions, where she made commercial films and advertisements. She served on many service group boards of directors, including the AIDS research organization Search Alliance and the National Gay Rights Advocates.[1] Moving to San Diego County, California in 1990, Costanza coached candidates for office in public speaking, serving as the coordinator for Barbara Boxer's winning United States Senate in the Year of the Woman, 1992, and as manager for Kathleen Brown's failed gubernatorial candidacy in 1994. Governor of California Gray Davis appointed Costanza as a liaison for women's groups and issues. Costanza lost that job when Gray Davis lost a recall reelection in November 2003.[1] Costanza became a professor at San Diego State University in 2004 and was working with the Political Science and Women's Studies departments of San Diego State and the Political Science department of the University of California, San Diego to develop the Midge Costanza Institute.[6] The Institute is mainly aimed at inspiring young people to become active in political and social causes.[1] HonorMidge Costanza was nominated and inducted into the San Diego County Women's Hall of Fame in 2011 by Women's Museum of California, Commission on the Status of Women, University of California, San Diego Women's Center, and San Diego State University Women's Studies. DeathCostanza died of cancer at Scripps Mercy Hospital in San Diego, California on March 23, 2010 at the age of 77.[7] She is survived by her brother Anthony.[8] Midge Costanza was nominated and inducted into the San Diego County Women's Hall of Fame in 2011 for the title of Trailblazer, meaning, women who have paved the way for other women, or were the first in their field. The annual Women's Hall of Fame induction is co-hosted by Women's Museum of California (Located in San Diego), Commission on the Status of Women, UC San Diego Women's Center, and San Diego State Women's Studies.[9] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Midge Costanza (1932-2010)." www.glbtqarchive.com. Retrieved January 25, 2017. 2. ^{{cite news|url=http://whitehousetransitionproject.org/resources/briefing/WHTP-2009-03-Public%20Liaison.pdf |title=White House Transition Project Institutional Memory Series: The White House Office of Public Liaison |accessdate=2009-07-25 |page=4 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728174855/http://whitehousetransitionproject.org/resources/briefing/WHTP-2009-03-Public%20Liaison.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-28 |df= }} 3. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=31139|title=Assistant to the President for Public Liaison Exchange of Letters on the Resignation of Margaret Costanza|date=1978-07-31|accessdate=2009-07-27}} 4. ^Hillquest website (cache) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202033054/http://www.hillquest.com/community/whoswho.htm |date=2008-12-02 }} 5. ^Denver Post archives 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.midgecostanza.com/index.asp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-10-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726104914/http://www.midgecostanza.com/index.asp |archivedate=2009-07-26 |df= }} 7. ^http://sdgln.com/news/2010/03/23/midge-constanza-who-had-president-carters-ear-dies-san-diego 8. ^{{cite news|title=Carter aide Midge Costanza dies at 77|author=John Marelius|newspaper=The San Diego Union-Tribune|date=March 23, 2010|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/mar/23/carter-aide-midge-costanza-dies-77/|accessdate=2010-03-23}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=San Diego County Women's Hall of Fame|url=http://womensmuseumca.org/|publisher=Ashley Gardner|accessdate=2012-04-27}} External links
19 : 1932 births|2010 deaths|Activists from California|Activists from Rochester, New York|American feminists|American people of Italian descent|American people of Sicilian descent|American women's rights activists|Deaths from cancer in California|LGBT rights activists from the United States|New York (state) city council members|New York (state) Democrats|People from Le Roy, New York|Politicians from Rochester, New York|People from San Diego County, California|San Diego State University faculty|University of California, San Diego faculty|Women city councillors in the United States|Women in New York (state) politics |
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