| 词条 | Mikhail Dostoevsky |
| 释义 |
| name = Mikhail Dostoyevsky | image = Mikhail Dostoyevsky.jpg | imagesize = 200px | alt = | caption = | pseudonym = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1820|11|25|df=y}} | birth_place = Moscow | death_date = {{Death date and age|1864|07|22|1820|11|25|df=y}} | death_place = Saint Petersburg | resting_place = | occupation = publisher, writer, translator, literary critic | language = | nationality = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | period = 1848 to 1864 | genre = | subject = | movement = Sentimentalism, Pochvennichestvo | notableworks = | spouse(s) = | partner(s) = | children = | relatives = Fyodor Dostoyevsky | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | portaldisp = }}Mikhail Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky ({{lang-ru|Михаи́л Миха́йлович Достое́вский}}) (25 November 1820 – 22 July 1864) was a Russian short story writer, publisher, literary critic and the elder brother of Fyodor Dostoyevsky.[1] The two of them were less than a year apart in age and spent their childhood together.[2] BiographyMikhail Dostoyevsky was born on 25 November 1820 in Moscow, where his father was a surgeon at the Mariinsky Hospital. Mikhail received a home education. He began to write poetry at the age of nine.[2] In 1834 he was sent to the boarding school of L. Chermak,[2] where he stayed until 1837. Then his father took him and his younger brother Fyodor to Saint Petersburg. He intended to enter the Petersburg's Academy of Engineering, but was not accepted because he was diagnosed a consumptive after medical examinations. In 1842 he married Emily von Ditmar with whom he had two sons, Fyodor and Mikhail, and three daughters, Catherine, Maria and Varvara. In 1849 he was arrested, along with his brother, because of his connections to the Petrashevsky Circle.[3] In 1861 he started a magazine titled Vremya ({{lang-ru|Время}}, lit. Time). Dostoyevsky wanted to create a fresh independent publication, impartial, freestanding, sustainable, and not bowing to any authority.[4] At the same time, it would appeal to common people and inspire the study of their lives and life principles. Mikhail Dostoyevsky was convinced that all flaws in Russian society had come from "apathetic" cosmopolitanism.[4] Vremya became one of the most popular magazines in the early 1860s with approximately 4000 subscribers.[5] Officially Mikhail was publisher and editor, but the editorial work was mostly borne by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, who worked as columnist, critic, essayist and writer all at once.[5] Vremya was banned in April 1863 for publishing one of Nikolay Strakhov's articles. In 1864 Dostoevsky established the magazine Epokha (Epoch). Strained by the burden of financial obligations which the new magazine required and suffering from a liver ailment, on 19 July 1864, Mikhail collapsed in Saint Petersburg after hearing that an important article was rejected by the censorship.[6]Three days later, at the age of 45[7], he died. Fyodor Dostoyevsky recalled his brother as a persistent, hard-working and energetic man, "a connoisseur of European languages and literature", and a harsh critic of his own writing. According to Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Mikhail did not consider himself an accomplished writer, and for that reason he stopped writing fiction and concentrated on publishing activities.[4] They were close friends.[8] WorksIn the 1840s Mikhail Dostoyevsky's short stories were published in Notes of the Fatherland:
He translated many European literature classics, including Goethe's Reineke Fuchs and Schiller's Don Carlos. References1. ^Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd edition. 2. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Lantz|first=K. A.|page=110 |title=The Dostoevsky Encyclopedia|year=2004|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XfDOcmJisn0C&dq=inauthor:%22K.+A.+Lantz%22&hl=en&source=gbs_navlinks_s| isbn=0-313-30384-3}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://emsu.ru/um/excurs/Yaroslavl/zodchie.htm |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120710193224/http://emsu.ru/um/excurs/Yaroslavl/zodchie.htm |dead-url=yes |archive-date=10 July 2012 |script-title=ru:Ярославские зодчие. Андрей Михайлович Достоевский |last=Potashev |first=I |trans-title=Yaroslavl architects. Andrei Dostoyevsky |language=Russian |accessdate=20 September 2010 }} 4. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=F. M. Dostoyevsky. Collection of works in 15 volumes |volume=11|year=1993 |publisher=Nauka |location=Leningrad|pages=361–365 |chapter=A few words about Mikhail Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://magazines.russ.ru/nlo/2002/58/uil-pr.html|title=Dostoevsky as a professional writer: profession, occupation, ethics|year=2002|publisher=Zhurnalnyj zal|language=Russian|accessdate=18 June 2010}} 6. ^{{cite book|title=Dostoevsky. A Writer in His Time |year=2010|publisher=Princeton University Press}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://magazines.russ.ru/nlo/2005/76/kn33.html|title=New books|last=Sergeev|first=Pavel|year=2005|publisher=Zhurnalnyj zal|language=Russian|accessdate=18 June 2010}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://smalt.karelia.ru/~filolog/dostoev/texts/vospomin/intr1-/htm/intr1-.htm|title=Introductory article by A.A. Dostoevsky|last=Dostoyevsky|first=A|language=Russian|accessdate=20 September 2010 |work=Memoirs of Andrey Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky}} Further reading{{commons category|Mikhail Dostoyevsky}}
External links
13 : 1820 births|1864 deaths|Writers from Moscow|Imperial Russian short story writers|Imperial Russian male writers|Russian people of Belarusian descent|Russian publishers (people)|Imperial Russian translators|Fyodor Dostoyevsky|Russian literary critics|Dostoyevsky family|19th-century translators|19th-century short story writers |
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