| 词条 | Lihue, Hawaii |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Lihue, Hawaii |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = Census-designated place |motto = |image_skyline = lihue-hawaii-aerial.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = Aerial view of Lihue |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Kauai_County_Hawaii_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Lihue_Highlighted.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location in Kauai County and the state of Hawaii |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map = |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_mapsize = | subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = Hawaii |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Kauai |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 19.3 |area_land_km2 = 17.3 |area_water_km2 = 2.0 |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2010 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 6455 |population_density_km2 = 373.6 |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |timezone = Hawaii-Aleutian |utc_offset = −10 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|21|58|29|N|159|21|56|W|region:US-HI_type:city|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 67 |elevation_ft = 220 |postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 96766 |area_code = 808 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 15-45200 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 0361837 |website = |footnotes = }} Lihue or Līhu{{okina}}e is an unincorporated community, census-designated place (CDP) and the county seat of Kauai County, Hawaii, United States. Lihue (pronounced {{IPA-haw|liːˈhuʔe|}}) is the second largest town on the Hawaiian island of Kaua{{okina}}i after Kapa{{okina}}a. As of the 2010 census, the CDP had a population of 6,455,[1] up from 5,694 at the 2000 census. HistoryIn ancient times, Lihue was a minor village. Līhu{{okina}}e means "cold chill" in the Hawaiian language.[2][3] Lihue is in the ancient district of Puna, the southeastern coast of the island, and the land division (ahupua{{okina}}a) of Kalapaki.[4] Royal Governor Kaikio{{okina}}ewa officially made it his governing seat in 1837, moving it from Waimea;[5] he gave the town its name after the land he owned on Oahu by the same name. With the emergence of the sugar industry in the 1800s, Lihue became the central city of the island with the construction of a large sugar mill. Early investors were Henry A. Peirce, Charles Reed Bishop and William Little Lee. The plantation struggled until William Harrison Rice built the first irrigation system in 1856.[6] Subsequent plantation owner Paul Isenberg helped German people emigrate to Lihue starting in 1881, with the first Lutheran church in Hawaii founded in 1883.[7] Services were held in German well into the 1960s. By the 1930s, George Norton Wilcox became one of the largest sugarcane plantation owners, buying Grove Farm from Hermann A. Widemann.[8] The Wilcox family home, Kilohana, has been converted into a restaurant and gift shop. The surrounding plantation now grows crops and livestock. A narrow-gauge tourist railroad with vintage diesel locomotives from Whitworth and General Electric offers tours of the plantation; horse-drawn carriage tours are offered as well. The grounds are also the site of luaus, many of which are offshore excursions booked through NCL America. Lihue also houses the Kauai Museum, which details the history of Kauai.[9] Geography and climateLihue sits on the eastern side of the island of Kauai and is bordered by Hanamaulu to the north and Puhi to the west. Its shorefront on the Kauai Channel of the Pacific Ocean extends from Hanamaulu Bay in the north to the larger Nawiliwili Bay to the south. Hawaii Route 50 leads west from Lihue {{convert|12|mi}} to Kalaheo and beyond to the western side of the island, while Hawaii Route 56 leads north {{convert|7|mi|0}} to Kapaa and onwards to the northern side of the island. According to the United States Census Bureau, the Lihue CDP has a total area of {{convert|19.3|sqmi|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|17.3|km2|order=flip}} are land and {{convert|2.0|km2|order=flip}}, or 10.42%, are water.[1] Lihue has a tropical wet and dry climate zone (Köppen classification As) with a relatively dry summer season.[10] The normal monthly mean temperature ranges from {{convert|71.6|F}} in February to {{convert|79.7|F}} in August. On average, there are 7.7 nights annually with a low below {{convert|60|F}}, and readings of {{convert|90|F}} or higher are quite rare, occurring on average once every eight years. Temperature records range from {{convert|46|F}} on January 14, 1930 up to only {{convert|91|F}} as recently as October 9, 2012. The record cool daily maximum is {{convert|67|F}} as recently as December 19, 1981, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is {{convert|80|F}} as recently as September 13, 2015.[12] Normal annual rainfall is {{convert|37.05|in|mm|0}} spread over an average 195 days, but observed annual rainfall has ranged from {{convert|16.40|to|74.40|in|mm|0}} in 1983 and 1982, respectively. The wettest month on record is March 2006 with {{convert|36.13|in|mm|0}}, while the most rain to occur in a single calendar day is {{convert|15.81|in|mm|0}} on May 13, 1940. The record driest month is February 1983 with trace amounts.[12] {{Weather box|location = Lihue Airport, Hawaii (1981–2010 normals,{{efn|Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010.}} extremes 1905–present){{efn|Records are based on data under "Lihue Area"}}|single line = Y |Jan record high F = 87 |Feb record high F = 89 |Mar record high F = 88 |Apr record high F = 88 |May record high F = 88 |Jun record high F = 89 |Jul record high F = 91 |Aug record high F = 90 |Sep record high F = 91 |Oct record high F = 91 |Nov record high F = 89 |Dec record high F = 89 |Jan avg record high F =82.7 |Feb avg record high F =82.3 |Mar avg record high F =82.4 |Apr avg record high F =82.2 |May avg record high F =83.7 |Jun avg record high F =84.7 |Jul avg record high F =86.0 |Aug avg record high F =86.6 |Sep avg record high F =86.9 |Oct avg record high F =86.1 |Nov avg record high F =84.1 |Dec avg record high F =82.6 |year avg record high F=87.6 |Jan high F = 78.0 |Feb high F = 77.8 |Mar high F = 78.4 |Apr high F = 79.2 |May high F = 81.2 |Jun high F = 83.3 |Jul high F = 84.2 |Aug high F = 84.7 |Sep high F = 84.8 |Oct high F = 83.4 |Nov high F = 80.8 |Dec high F = 78.8 |year high F =81.2 |Jan mean F = 71.7 |Feb mean F = 71.6 |Mar mean F = 72.7 |Apr mean F = 74.0 |May mean F = 75.8 |Jun mean F = 78.1 |Jul mean F = 79.1 |Aug mean F = 79.7 |Sep mean F = 79.4 |Oct mean F = 78.1 |Nov mean F = 75.8 |Dec mean F = 73.2 |Jan low F = 65.5 |Feb low F = 65.5 |Mar low F = 67.0 |Apr low F = 68.8 |May low F = 70.4 |Jun low F = 73.0 |Jul low F = 74.1 |Aug low F = 74.6 |Sep low F = 74.1 |Oct low F = 72.9 |Nov low F = 70.8 |Dec low F = 67.6 |year low F =70.4 |Jan avg record low F = 58.3 |Feb avg record low F = 58.1 |Mar avg record low F = 59.7 |Apr avg record low F = 63.0 |May avg record low F = 64.4 |Jun avg record low F = 69.0 |Jul avg record low F = 70.2 |Aug avg record low F = 70.6 |Sep avg record low F = 69.2 |Oct avg record low F = 66.9 |Nov avg record low F = 64.3 |Dec avg record low F = 59.9 |year avg record low F =56.4 |Jan record low F = 46 |Feb record low F = 47 |Mar record low F = 47 |Apr record low F = 51 |May record low F = 54 |Jun record low F = 59 |Jul record low F = 59 |Aug record low F = 60 |Sep record low F = 59 |Oct record low F = 55 |Nov record low F = 51 |Dec record low F = 50 |rain colour= green |Jan rain inch = 3.75 |Feb rain inch = 3.16 |Mar rain inch = 4.61 |Apr rain inch = 2.25 |May rain inch = 2.07 |Jun rain inch = 1.61 |Jul rain inch = 1.87 |Aug rain inch = 2.13 |Sep rain inch = 2.12 |Oct rain inch = 3.82 |Nov rain inch = 4.46 |Dec rain inch = 5.20 |year rain inch=37.05 |unit rain days = 0.01 inch |Jan rain days = 13.1 |Feb rain days = 12.1 |Mar rain days = 15.3 |Apr rain days = 16.6 |May rain days = 14.2 |Jun rain days = 17.2 |Jul rain days = 19.4 |Aug rain days = 18.3 |Sep rain days = 16.3 |Oct rain days = 17.2 |Nov rain days = 17.6 |Dec rain days = 17.5 |year rain days=194.8 |Jan humidity = 76.1 |Feb humidity = 75.4 |Mar humidity = 75.3 |Apr humidity = 75.2 |May humidity = 74.9 |Jun humidity = 73.5 |Jul humidity = 73.9 |Aug humidity = 74.0 |Sep humidity = 74.1 |Oct humidity = 76.2 |Nov humidity = 76.8 |Dec humidity = 76.5 |year humidity =75.2 |Jan sun = 176.2 |Feb sun = 181.7 |Mar sun = 206.5 |Apr sun = 202.8 |May sun = 243.6 |Jun sun = 248.3 |Jul sun = 257.9 |Aug sun = 263.3 |Sep sun = 242.1 |Oct sun = 207.7 |Nov sun = 161.4 |Dec sun = 160.7 |year sun=2552.2 |Jan percentsun = 52 |Feb percentsun = 57 |Mar percentsun = 55 |Apr percentsun = 53 |May percentsun = 60 |Jun percentsun = 61 |Jul percentsun = 62 |Aug percentsun = 66 |Sep percentsun = 66 |Oct percentsun = 58 |Nov percentsun = 48 |Dec percentsun = 48 |year percentsun =58 |source 1 = NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961−1990)[11][12][13] }} DemographicsAs of the census[14] of 2000, there were 5,694 people, 2,178 households, and 1,420 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 898.3 people per square mile (346.6/km²). There were 2,399 housing units at an average density of 379.8 per square mile (146.6/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 22.8% White, 49.2% Asian, 0.2% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 6.4% Pacific Islander, 0.7% from other races, and 20.5% from two or more races. 6.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 2,178 households out of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were non-families. 29.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.16. In the CDP the population was spread out with 22.8% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 22.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.6 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $44,906, and the median income for a family was $56,875 in 2000. Males had a median income of $38,713 versus $28,032 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,619. 4.6% of the population and 1.7% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 1.4% of those under the age of 18 and 7.3% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. TransportLihue is served by Lihue Airport, in the eastern part of the community.[15] The main seaport for Kauai is at Nawiliwili Bay, directly southeast of town. Lihue is also served by The Kauai Bus, a public bus system serving the entire island of Kauai. FacilitiesThe town is home to the county administration building; Kauai's largest shopping center, Kukui Grove Center, which houses the island's only big department store, Macy's; and several big-box stores including K-Mart, Wal-Mart, Home Depot and Costco. There are also several car dealerships, movie theaters and restaurants. EducationLihue is home to Kauai Community College, part of the University of Hawaii system. Lihue is also served by the Hawaii Department of Education. Two K-5 elementary schools — Wilcox Elementary School in Lihue, and Kaumualii Elementary School in downtown Hanamaulu, Hawaii — serve the area. All of the area is zoned to Kamakahelei Middle School and Kauai High School. Island School, a private pre-kindergarten to 12 school, is also located in Lihue. Notes{{Notelist}}References1. ^1 {{Cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US1545200| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Lihue CDP, Hawaii| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| work=American Factfinder| accessdate=February 4, 2019}} {{commonscat|Lihue, Hawaii}}{{Hawaii}}{{Kauai County, Hawaii}}{{Hawaii county seat}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lihue}}2. ^{{Hawaiian Dictionaries |Lihue |dic=pp |accessdate= September 24, 2010 }} 3. ^{{Hawaiian Dictionaries |Lihue |dic=hpn |accessdate= September 24, 2010 }} 4. ^{{Hawaiian Dictionaries |Lihue |HASH974f8f322d5f24f0422bab |dic=hpn |accessdate= September 24, 2010 }} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hawaiianencyclopedia.com/l299hue.asp |title= Līhuʻe |work=Hawaiian Encyclopedia |accessdate=2010-04-12|author=Daniel Harrington |publisher=Mutual Publishing }} 6. ^{{cite web |title= Lihue Plantation Company History (Kauai) |url= http://www2.hawaii.edu/~speccoll/p_lihue.html |work= Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association Plantation Archives |year=2004 |accessdate= September 17, 2010 |publisher= University of Hawaii at Mānoa Library }} 7. ^{{cite web |title= Our History & Heritage |work= official web page |publisher= Lihue Lutheran Church |url= http://www.lihuelutheran.com/ |accessdate= September 24, 2010}} 8. ^{{cite web |title= History |work= Grove Farm web site |url= http://www.grovefarm.com/history |accessdate= September 17, 2010 }} 9. ^{{cite web |title= Kauaʻi Museum |work= official web site |url= http://www.kauaimuseum.org/ |accessdate= September 17, 2010 }} 10. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Kottek | first1 = M. | last2 = Grieser | first2 = J. R. | last3 = Beck | first3 = C. | last4 = Rudolf | first4 = B. | last5 = Rubel | first5 = F. | title = World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated | doi = 10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130 | journal = Meteorol. Z. | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 259–263 | year = 2006 | pmid = | pmc = | url = http://www.schweizerbart.de/resources/downloads/paper_free/55034.pdf}} 11. ^1 2 {{cite web |url = http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=hnl |title = NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |accessdate = 11 March 2015}} 12. ^{{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00022536.normals.txt | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | title = HI Lihue WSO AP | accessdate = 11 March 2015}} 13. ^{{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__V/U1/91165.TXT | title = WMO climate normals for Lihue, Kauai, HI 1961−1990 | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | accessdate = 11 March 2015}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}} 15. ^"Lihue CDP, Hawaii {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119153508/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US1545200&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on |date=2011-11-19 }}." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on May 21, 2009. 3 : Census-designated places in Kauai County, Hawaii|Populated places on Kauai|County seats in Hawaii |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。