| 词条 | Military career of Napoleon Bonaparte |
| 释义 |
|honorific_prefix = Emperor of the French |name = Napoleon |birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1769|8|15}} |death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1821|5|5|1769|8|15}} |image = 1801 Antoine-Jean Gros - Bonaparte on the Bridge at Arcole.jpg |caption = Napoleon Bonaparte at the Bridge of the Arcole, by Baron Antoine-Jean Gros, (ca. 1801), Louvre, Paris |nickname = General Vendémiaire, The Little Corporal, Napoleon the Great |birth_place = Ajaccio, Corsica |death_place = Longwood, St. Helena |allegiance = France |branch = Trained as an artillerist |serviceyears = 1779–1815 |rank = Commander in Chief (Head of State) |unit = |commands = Army of Italy Army of the Orient French Army Grande Armée |battles = French Revolutionary Wars
|awards=Grand Master of the Legion of Honour Grand Master of the Order of the Reunion Grand Master of the Order of the Iron Crown Grand Master of the Order of the Three Golden Fleeces |relations=House of Bonaparte |laterwork= Sovereign of Elba, Writer }} The military career of Napoleon Bonaparte spanned over 20 years. As emperor, he led the French Armies in the Napoleonic Wars. He is widely regarded as a military genius and one of the finest commanders in world history. He fought 60 battles, losing only eight, mostly at the end.[1] The great French dominion collapsed rapidly after the disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812. Napoleon was defeated in 1814; he returned and was finally defeated in 1815 at Waterloo. He spent his remaining days in British custody on the remote island of St. Helena.[2] Early careerNapoleon's early career is well covered.[3][4] The most thorough coverage of his campaigns is by David G. Chandler.[5] 1769August 15 – Napoleon born Nabulione di Buonaparte in Ajaccio, Corsica. 1778December 15 – Napoleon leaves Corsica for mainland France. 1779January 1 – Napoleon enters religious school at Autun. May 15 – Napoleon enters cadet school at Brienne-le-Château. 1784October 30 – Napoleon enters École Militaire in Paris. 1785September 1 – Napoleon graduates from École Militaire and is commissioned as 2nd Lieutenant of Artillery. October 30 – Napoleon reports to first posting with the La Fère Artillery Regiment at Valence-sur-Rhône. 1786September 1 – Napoleon goes to Corsica on long furlough until June 1788. 1788June – Napoleon rejoins his regiment at Auxonne, attached to School of Artillery. 1789September 15 – Napoleon goes on second leave to Corsica, becomes involved in revolutionary activities and attempts to gain favour with Pasquale Paoli. 1791February 10 – Napoleon returns from Corsica to regimental duty at Auxonne. April 1 – Napoleon promoted to 1st Lieutenant. September 1 – Napoleon's third furlough to Corsica. 1792February 6 – Napoleon promoted to Captain (antedated). April 1 – Napoleon is elected Lieutenant Colonel, 2nd Battalion, Corsican Volunteers. Is implicated in a riot in Ajaccio. May 28 – Napoleon returns to Paris, instead of rejoining his regiment. September 15 – Napoleon escorts his sister, Elisa, back to Corsica. 1793February 22–25 – Napoleon commands artillery during an abortive French landing on Maddalena Island, Sardinia. March 3 – Napoleon breaks with Paoli, blaming the failed landing on him. June 13 – Napoleon and his family arrive in Toulon, having been banished from Corsica by Paoli. August 27 – Toulon handed over to the British by Royalists. September 16 – Napoleon given command of artillery besieging Toulon. October 18 – Napoleon promoted to Major. December 17–19 – Successful recapture of Toulon from British and Royalists. December 22 – Napoleon promoted to Brigadier General. BattlesFor comprehensive coverage, see Chandler (1973).[6] For an overall view of the military history of the era see Trevor N. Dupuy and R. Ernest Dupuy, The Encyclopedia of Military History (2nd ed. 1970) pp 730–770. Victories
Defeats
Indecisive
Notes1. ^Roberts says his losses came at Siege of Acre (1799), Battle of Aspern-Essling (1809), Battle of Leipzig (1813), Battle of La Rothière (1814), Battle of Laon (1814), Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube (1814), and Battle of Waterloo (1815). Andrew Roberts, "Why Napoleon merits the title 'the Great,'" BBC History Magazine (1 November 2014) 2. ^Andrew Roberts, Napoleon: A Life (2014) 3. ^Andrew Roberts, Napoleon: A Life (2014) 4. ^Frank McLynn, Napoleon: A Biography (1997) 5. ^David G. Chandler, The Campaigns of Napoleon (1973) 1172 pp; a detailed guide to all major battles [https://www.amazon.com/Campaigns-Napoleon-David-G-Chandler/dp/0025236601/ excerpt and text search] 6. ^David G. Chandler, The Campaigns of Napoleon (1973) [https://www.amazon.com/Campaigns-Napoleon-David-G-Chandler/dp/0025236601/ excerpt and text search] Further reading{{main|Napoleonic Wars#Further reading}}
|title=The Origins, Causes, and Extension of the Wars of the French Revolution and Napoleon |journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary History |year=1988 |volume=18 |number=4 |pages=771–793 |jstor=204824}} {{JSTOR|204824}}
2 : Napoleon|Military careers by individual |
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