“Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Thailand)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs ({{lang-th|กระทรวงการต่างประเทศ}}; {{RTGS|Krasuang Kan Tang Prathet}}; Abrv: MFA) is the principal governmental department in charge of foreign relations for Thailand. The ministry is headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, who is also a member of the Cabinet of Thailand. The minister is appointed by the prime minister. The ministry is charged with formulating and executing foreign policies for the Kingdom of Thailand. The ministry manages and maintains Thai diplomatic missions around the globe.

History

Prior to the creation of the ministry, much of the country's foreign relations were handled by the absolute monarchs of the day. During the Kingdom of Ayutthaya foreign relations were handled by the "Krom Phra Khlang" ({{lang-th|กรมพระคลัง)}} (or the Treasury Department). The head of the department was known as "Phra Khlang" ({{lang-th|พระคลัง)}} and occasionally referred to as "Berguelang" or "Barcelon" by foreign authors. The famous 17th-century Siamese ambassador to France Kosa Pan was the younger brother of King Narai's "Phra Khlang" Kosathibodi. Soon after, a sub-department called "Kromma Tha" ({{lang-th|กรมท่า}}, "Port Department") was created to deal with foreigners.

During the Bangkok Period most of these features were retained. For instance, the Chau Phaya-Phraklang in his capacity as Minister of State on behalf of Jessadabodindra^[1] negotiated the Siamese-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce of 1833 with Edmund Roberts in his capacity as Minister of the United States on behalf of President Andrew Jackson.

In 1840, King Mongkut, the next king, founded the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Siam, which was administered directly by the king. The responsibilities and roles of the old "Krom" were shifted to this ministry. Chao Phraya Bhanuwong became the first Foreign Minister of Siam in 1871, appointed by King Chulalongkorn. In 1881 Prince Devavongse Varoprakarn was appointed to replace him. Known today as the "father of Thai diplomacy" he reorganized and modernized the ministry to meet 19th century standards. The ministry was then permanently established at Saranrom Palace, east of the Grand Palace. The ministry was divided into seven divisions:^[2]

Foreign affairs advisers

From 1892 to 1924, the Siamese government retained the professional legal services of lawyers skilled in international law.

Reorganization

After the Revolution of 1932, the ministry came under civilian control and the minister was made a member of the constitutional government of Siam. The first minister under this new system was Phraya Sri Visarn Vacha.^[5]

Operations

Administration

Functional departments

Regional departments

List of ministers

See also

References

1. ^{{cite book |last= Roberts |first= Edmund |authorlink= Edmund Roberts (diplomat) |title= Embassy to the Eastern courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat: in the U. S. sloop-of-war Peacock ... during the years 1832-3-4 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=aSgPAAAAYAAJ&oe=UTF-8 |date= October 12, 2007 |origyear= First published in 1837 |publisher=Harper & Brothers|pages= 310–311 |nopp= |chapter= Chapter XX―Division of Time |accessdate= April 25, 2012 |edition=Digital|quote=[T]he capital [is] called Si-a-Yuthia, (pronounced See-ah-you-té-ah....)}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.go.th/web/2680.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-12-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201180947/http://www.mfa.go.th/web/2680.php |archivedate=2008-12-01 |df= }}
3. ^{{cite journal |author=| last = Obias | first = Peter B.|year=1972|title=Treaty Revision and the Role of the American Foreign Affairs Adviser 1909-1925|journal= Journal of the Siam Society|format= PDF|volume= JSS Vol.60.1e|issue= digital |page= |pages= |nopp= |publisher= Siam Society |doi=|url= http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1971/JSS_060_1e_Oblas_TreatyRevisionAndAmericanForeignAffairsAdvisor.pdf|accessdate= September 7, 2013}}
4. ^{{cite journal|author= Thamsook Numnonda| last = | first = | authorlink = |year= 1974|title= The First American Advisers in Thai History|journal= Journal of the Siam Society |format= PDF|volume= JSS Vol.62.2f|issue= digital |page= image 5|pages= |nopp= |publisher= Siam Society |doi= |url= http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1971/JSS_062_2f_ThamsookNumnonda_FirstAmericanAdvisersInThaiHistory.pdf|accessdate= September 7, 2013|quote= The eventful forty-two year reign of King Chulalongkorn of Thailand (1868-1910) was a landmark in Thai history. It was the period that Thailand began to develop herself into a modern state, with the abolition of extrality (extraterritoriality), the negotiations of treaties, the reform of law and judicial administration, and the reorganization of governmental agencies. The achievement of these aims was, in fact, partly due to the work of the "foreign advisers" who shared roles in the affairs of this small Asian country.}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.go.th/web/2682.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-12-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526054145/http://www.mfa.go.th/web/2682.php |archivedate=2008-05-26 |df= }}
6. ^{{cite book |title=Thailand's Budget in Brief Fiscal Year 2019 |date=2018 |publisher=Bureau of the Budget Thailand |page=82 |edition=Revised |url=http://www.bb.go.th/en/topic-detail.php?id=8562&mid=456&catID=0 |accessdate=2019-01-18}}
7. ^http://rulers.org/fm4.html
8. ^{{cite web|title=Names of Past Foreign Ministers|url=http://www.mfa.go.th/main/en/organize/19299-Names-of-Past-Foreign-Ministers.html|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|accessdate=4 March 2016}}