| 词条 | Lina Cavalieri |
| 释义 |
| name = Lina Cavalieri | image = File:Lina Cavalieri .jpg | caption = Lina Cavalieri ca. 1900 | birthname = Natalina Cavalieri | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1874|12|25}} | birth_place = Rieti, Kingdom of Italy | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1944|02|07|1874|12|25}} | death_place = Firenze, Kingdom of Italy | death_cause = Bombing raid | occupation = Opera singer, actress, monologist | spouse = Alexandre Bariatinsky (m. 1899—1900; divorced) Robert Winthrop Chanler (m. 1910—1912; divorced) Lucien Muratore (m. 1913—1927) Paolo d’Arvanni (m. 19??—1944; their deaths) | children = Alexandre Bariatinsky, Jr. }}Natalina "Lina" Cavalieri (25 December 1874{{spaced ndash}}7 February 1944)[1] was an Italian operatic soprano, actress, and monologist.[2] BiographyLina Cavalieri was born on Christmas Day at Rieti, some {{convert|80|km|mi}} north of Rome.[3] She lost her parents at the age of fifteen and became a ward of the state, sent to live in a Roman Catholic orphanage. The vivacious young girl was unhappy under the strict discipline of the nuns, and at the first opportunity she ran away with a touring theatrical group.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} At a young age, she made her way to Paris, France, where her appearance opened doors and she obtained work as a singer at one of the city's café-concerts. From there she performed at a variety of music halls and other such venues around Europe, while still working to develop her voice. She took voice lessons and made her opera debut in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1900 (as Nedda in Pagliacci), the same year she married her first husband, the Russian Prince Alexandre Bariatinsky. In 1904, she sang at the Opéra de Monte-Carlo then in 1905, at the Sarah Bernhardt Theatre in Paris, Cavalieri starred opposite Enrico Caruso in the Umberto Giordano opera Fedora. From there, she and Caruso took the opera to New York City, debuting with it at the Metropolitan Opera on 5 December 1906.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} Cavalieri remained with the Metropolitan Opera for the next two seasons, performing again with Caruso in 1907, in Puccini's Manon Lescaut. She became one of the most photographed stars of her time. Frequently referred to as the "world's most beautiful woman", she was part of the tightlacing tradition that saw women use corsetry to create an "hour-glass" figure.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} During the 1909–10 season she sang with Oscar Hammerstein's Manhattan Opera Company. Her first marriage long over, she had a whirlwind romance with Robert Winthrop Chanler (1872–1930), a member of the Astor family and Dudley–Winthrop family. They married on 18 June 1910 but separated by the end of their honeymoon, and their divorce became final in June 1912.[4] After the divorce, Cavalieri returned to Europe where she became a much-loved star in pre-revolutionary St. Petersburg, Russia, and in Ukraine. Other operas in her repertoire included La bohème, La traviata, Faust, Manon, Andrea Chénier, Thaïs, Les contes d'Hoffmann (as the courtesan Giulietta), Rigoletto, Mefistofele (as both Margarita and Elena), Adriana Lecouvreur, Tosca, Hérodiade (as Salomé), Carmen (the title role), Siberia, and Zazà. During her career, Cavalieri sang with other prominent singers, including Giuseppe Anselmi, Mary Garden (the world premiere of Massenet's Chérubin, 1905), Mattia Battistini, Titta Ruffo, Feodor Chaliapin, Nikolay Figner, Antonio Scotti, Vanni Marcoux, Giovanni Zenatello, Tito Schipa, and the French tenor Lucien Muratore, whom she married in 1913 after his divorce from soprano Marguerite Bériza. After retiring from the stage, Cavalieri ran a cosmetic salon in Paris. In 1914, on the eve of her fortieth birthday – her beauty still spectacular – she wrote an advice column on make-up for women in Femina magazine and published a book, My Secrets of Beauty. In her Parisian Institut de Beauté, she licensed Parfums Isabey Paris and not only sold Isabey perfumes, but developed in 1926 a range of beauty products. The same year, she launched her own perfume, called "Mona Lina", apparently inspired by Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa. In 1915, she returned to her native Italy to make motion pictures. When that country became involved in World War I, she went to the United States where she made four more silent films. The last three of her films were the product of her friend, the Belgian film director Edward José. Almost all of her films are considered lost films. After marrying her fourth husband Paolo d’Arvanni, she returned to live with her husband in Italy. Well into her sixties when World War II began, she nevertheless worked as a volunteer nurse. Cavalieri was killed on 7 February 1944 during an Allied bombing raid that destroyed her home in Florence near Poggio Imperiale, where she was placed under police surveillance because of her foreign husband. Hearing an American bomber nearby, Cavalieri, her husband, and servants ran to the air-raid shelter in the grounds, but Cavalieri and her husband were delayed because they were collecting her valuable jewellery from the house.{{sfn|Bianchi|1969|p=169}} Both Cavalieri and her husband were killed running to the air-raid shelter, while the servants inside the shelter all survived.{{sfn|Bianchi|1969|p=169}} Lina Cavalieri's discography is slim. In 1910, for Columbia, she recorded arias from La bohème, Tosca, Manon Lescaut, Carmen, Mefistofele, and Faust, as well as the song, "Maria, Marì! (Ah! Marì! Ah! Marì!)." In 1917, for Pathé, the soprano recorded "Le rêve passé," with Muratore. For American Pathé, she recorded arias from Carmen and Hérodiade. Her portrait was painted by the Italian artist Giovanni Boldini (acquired by Maurice Rothschild) and by the Swiss-born American artist Adolfo Müller-Ury. The latter painting is now the property of the Metropolitan Opera, the gift of Nicholas Meredith Turner in memory of his wife, the soprano Jessica Dragonette. Hers is the face that appears repeatedly, obsessively, in Piero Fornasetti's designs. In 1955, Gina Lollobrigida portrayed Cavalieri in the film Beautiful But Dangerous (also known as The World's Most Beautiful Woman). In 2004, a book was published, written by Paul Fryer and Olga Usova, titled Lina Cavalieri: The Life of Opera’s Greatest Beauty, 1874—1944. FamilyFrom her first marriage to Alexandre Bariatinsky, Lina had one son, Alexandre Bariatinsky, Jr.[4] He was serving in the Italian Army early in WW1 when she went to the authorities to try to visit him.[5] Films
Iconography
Bibliography
| last1 = Bianchi | first1 = Piero | author-link = | title = Francesca Bertini e le dive del cinema muto | publisher = UTET | place = Turin | year = 1969 | isbn = | ref = harv }}
| last1 = Martin-Hattemberg | first1 = Jean-Marie | author-link = | title = Isabey Paris, Parfumeur depuis 1924 | publisher = Gourcuff Gradenigo | place = Paris | year = 2014 | isbn = | ref = }} References1. ^New York Times – 9 February 1944 2. ^Lina Cavalieri: the Life of Opera's Greatest Beauty, 1874–1944 By Paul Fryer, Olga Usova 2004 pg. 4 3. ^Lina Cavalieri: the Life of Opera's Greatest Beauty, 1874–1944 (2006) By Paul Fryer, Olga Usova pg. 6 4. ^1 {{cite web|title=Lina Cavalieri (1874–1944)|url=http://www.stagebeauty.net/th-frames.html?http&&&www.stagebeauty.net/cavalieri/cavalieri-l2.html|publisher=stagebeauty.net|date=26 October 2013}} 5. ^The Opera Singer and the Silent Film by Paul Fryer 2005 External links{{Commons category|Lina Cavalieri}}
13 : 1874 births|1944 deaths|People from Rieti|Italian operatic sopranos|Italian film actresses|Italian silent film actresses|Deaths by airstrike during World War II|Italian civilians killed in World War II|20th-century Italian actresses|20th-century Italian singers|Deaths by American airstrikes|20th-century women singers|Monologists |
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