| 词条 | Mirninsky District | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|en_name=Mirninsky District |ru_name=Мирнинский улус |loc_name1=Мирнэй улууһа |loc_lang1=Yakut |image_map=Mirninsky ulus location.PNG |map_caption=Location of Mirninsky District in the Sakha Republic |image_view=MirnyYakutia 02.jpg |image_caption=View of the town of Mirny, the administrative center of the district |coordinates = {{coord|62|32|N|113|57|E|type:adm2nd_region:RU|display=inline,title}} |image_flag=Flag of Mirninsky rayon (Yakutia).png |flag_caption |image_coa=Coat of Arms of Mirninskiy rayon (Yakutia).png |coa_caption |anthem |anthem_ref |holiday= |holiday_ref |federal_subject=Sakha Republic |federal_subject_ref=[1] |adm_data_as_of=June 2009 |adm_ctr_type=town |adm_ctr_name=Mirny |adm_ctr_ref=[2] |town_of_district_significance_type=Towns |no_of_towns_of_district_significance=2 |urban-type_settlement_of_district_significance_type=Settlements |no_of_urban-type_settlements_of_district_significance=4 |selsoviet_type1=Rural okrugs |no_of_selsoviets_type1=3 |no_of_cities_towns=2 |no_of_urban-type_settlements=4 |no_of_rural_localities=8 |counts_ref=[2] |mun_data_as_of=December 2008 |mun_formation1=Mirninsky Municipal District |mun_formation1_ref=[4] |mun_formation1_no_of_urban_settlements=6 |mun_formation1_no_of_rural_settlements=3 |mun_formation1_counts_ref=[5] |mun_formation1_leader_title= |mun_formation1_leader_title_ref= |mun_formation1_leader_name= |mun_formation1_leader_name_ref= |mun_formation1_representative_body= |mun_formation1_representative_body_ref= |area_of_what |area_as_of=June 2009 |area_km2=165800 |area_km2_ref=[2] |pop_2010census=38802 |urban_pop_2010census=92.9% |rural_pop_2010census=7.1% |pop_2010_census_ref=[7] |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= |established_date=January 12, 1965 |established_date_ref=[2] |prev_name1 |prev_name1_date |prev_name1_ref |website=http://www.алмазный-край.рф |website_ref |date=February 2017 }}Mirninsky District ({{lang-ru|Ми́рнинский улу́с}}; {{lang-sah|Мирнэй улууһа}}, Mirney uluuha) is an administrative[1] and municipal[2] district (raion, or ulus), one of the thirty-four in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders Olenyoksky District in the north and northeast, Nyurbinsky and Suntarsky Districts in the east, Lensky District in the south, and Irkutsk Oblast and Krasnoyarsk Krai in the west. The area of the district is {{convert|165800|km2|sp=us}}.[3] Its administrative center is the town of Mirny.[3] As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district (excluding its administrative center) was 38,802.[4] GeographyThe Vilyuy is the main river in the district. ClimateAverage January temperature ranges from {{convert|-32|C}} in the south to {{convert|-40|C}} in the north. July's average temperature ranges from {{convert|+14|C}} to {{convert|+16|C}}. The average annual precipitation is about {{convert|250|-|300|mm|sp=us}}.[5] HistoryThe Vilyuy River basin was believed to contain mineral deposits at least as early as the 19th century, with Richard Maack reporting after an expedition to the area that the area was rich in iron, salt deposits, and precious stones.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} He described a nest of blue clay in the area between the Vilyuy and Malaya Bituobiya Rivers, but as kimberlites had not yet been discovered there was no official attention.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} Around the beginning on the 20th century, a number of scientists and geologists noted similarities between parts of the Central Siberian Plateau and areas in South Africa, where exploitation of primary diamond deposits had already begun.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} In 1937, the Soviet government began to greatly increase effort to produce diamonds on its own territory, due in part to some other diamond-producing nations being unwilling to sell to the USSR.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} Expeditions were organized in the basins of the Yenisei River and in the Ural Mountains.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} The Ural expedition proved the more successful, finding small, but commercially viable deposits.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} An additional government decree signed by Stalin in 1946 announced further exploration for diamonds, with expeditions mounted from Irkutsk into the region of the Yenisei River.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} The first officially recorded discovery of diamonds in Yakutia (the present-day Sakha Republic) was made in 1949 on an expedition along the Vilyuy.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} Initially, discoveries centerd on placer deposits, which did not uncover the enormous primary deposits in the form of kimberlite pipes.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} The first kimberlite deposit, Zarnitsa mine, was discovered on August 21, 1954.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} Further exploration in 1955 found over fifteen primary deposits, including the largest pipes at Udachny and Mirny.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} Over two hundred kimberlite pipes have since been identified in the Sakha Republic.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} Mirninsky District was established on January 12, 1965,[3] after large-scale diamond mining was started in the area and associated industries began to grow. Administrative and municipal statusWithin the framework of administrative divisions, Mirninsky District is one of the thirty-four in the republic.[1] It is divided into two towns (administrative divisions with the administrative centers in the towns (inhabited localities) of Mirny and Udachny), four settlements (administrative divisions with the administrative centers in the urban-type settlements (inhabited localities) of Aykhal, Almazny, Chernyshevsky, and Svetly), and three rural okrugs (naslegs), all of which comprise eight rural localities.[3] As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Mirninsky Municipal District.[2] Within the municipal district, the two towns and the four settlements are incorporated into six urban settlements, and the three rural okrugs are incorporated into three rural settlements.[6] The town of Mirny serves as the administrative center of both the administrative[3] and municipal[2] district. Inhabited localities
EconomyThe economy of the district is mostly based on mining. Natural resources include diamonds, oil, gas, and brown coal. Diamond mining is mostly carried out by ALROSA company and its subsidiaries. TransportationMirninsky District is connected with Yakutsk by the means of the Vilyuy Highway. Demographics{{Infobox|bodystyle=width:23.5em |title=Population of Mirninsky District |label1=2010 Census |data1=38,802[4] |label2=2002 Census |data2=46,032[7] |label3=1989 Census |data3=51,824[8] |label4=1979 Census |data4=29,394[9] }} As of the 1989 Census, the ethnic composition was as follows:{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}
ReferencesNotes1. ^1 2 Constitution of the Sakha Republic, Article 45 2. ^1 2 3 Law #172-Z #351-III 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} 5. ^Center of the Socioeconomic and Political Monitoring. [https://web.archive.org/web/20031028043914/http://www.sitc.ru/monitoring/mirniy/index.shtml Mirninsky District] {{ru icon}} 6. ^1 2 Law #173-Z #354-III 7. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}} 8. ^{{ru-pop-ref|1989Census}} 9. ^{{ru-pop-ref|1979Census}} Sources
2 : Districts of the Sakha Republic|States and territories established in 1965 |
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