| 词条 | Miroslav Navratil |
| 释义 |
| name = Miroslav (Friedrich) Navratil | image = Miroslav Navratil.JPG | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1893|07|19|df=y}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1947|06|07|1893|07|19|df=y}} | birth_place = Sarajevo, Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ottoman empire occupied by Austria-Hungary | death_place = Zagreb, People's Republic of Croatia, FPR Yugoslavia | allegiance = {{flagcountry|Austria-Hungary}} (until 1918){{Clear}}{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}} (1918–1941){{Clear}}{{flagcountry|Independent State of Croatia}} (1941–1945) | branch = Aviation | serviceyears = | rank = General | unit = Flik 41J | commands = Flik 3J | battles = World War I{{Clear}}World War II
| awards = | relations = | laterwork = Minister of Armed Forces of the Independent State of Croatia }} Miroslav (Friedrich) Navratil (19 July 1893 – 7 June 1947) was a Croatian soldier, pilot, and general who served in the armies of Austria-Hungary, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and the Independent State of Croatia. Until the end of World War I{{See also|Aerial victory standards of World War I}}Navratil was born in Sarajevo, within the territory of Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Ottoman Empire occupied by Austro-Hungarian Empire. He attended gymnasium in Sarajevo, and finished cadet's school in Graz. In World War I he served in the military of Austria–Hungary, as a fighter pilot in the Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops. While on the Eastern and Italian fronts, he scored a victory with Flik 41J on 14 April 1918, before assuming command of Flik 3J on 9 June 1918. Flying Albatros D.IIIs, he scored nine more victories.[1] He attained the rank of Oberleutnant.[2] His victory string ran until 31 August, when he downed a Bristol F.2 Fighter, but lost all four of his inexperienced wingmen in the process. Navratil blamed himself for their loss. He largely removed himself from combat operations. On 21 October, during a test flight of an Albatros D.III, his seat broke, and he was injured in the resultant crash landing. He did not recover before the Armistice.[3] Between the World WarsIn 1918, Austria-Hungary dissolved and Navratil moved to the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, where he took on a position in the royal army. He rose to the rank of colonel, but was eventually retired from the army in 1940 because of conflict with Serb officers within its ranks.[1] World War IIWith the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia on 10 April 1941 Navratil was brought back into active service. He was named as a military representative in Bucharest. He served as minister of the armed forces from 2 September 1943 to 29 January 1944. After he was relieved of his post, reportedly due to complaints about the brutality of the government, he traveled to Vienna, where his family was located and remained there until the end of World War II. In 1945 he moved to Zell am See, where he lived until he was located by American troops in 1946. He was extradited to communist Yugoslavia in December 1946. In Zagreb he was sentenced to death on charge of war crimes,[3] and executed on 7 June 1947.[1] Awards
Notes1. ^1 2 {{cite journal|title=Miroslav Navratil, dvostruki as austrougarskog zrakoplovstva|last=Eleršek|url=http://www.hrvatski-vojnik.hr/hrvatski-vojnik/2162008/podlistak.asp|first=Leonard|date=November 2008|issue=213|journal=Hrvatski vojnik|language=Croatian|accessdate=7 April 2013}} 2. ^Friedrich Navratil, The Aerodrome 3. ^1 {{cite book |title=Austro-Hungarian Aces of World War 1 |page= 81 }} References
16 : 1893 births|1947 deaths|People from Sarajevo|Austro-Hungarian World War I flying aces|Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I|Croatian people of World War I|Croatian soldiers|Croatian collaborators with Nazi Germany|Executed Yugoslav collaborators with Nazi Germany|Croatian military personnel of World War II|Croatian Home Guard personnel|Government ministers of the Independent State of Croatia|Recipients of the Order of the Crown of King Zvonimir|Executed Croatian people|Executed Bosnia and Herzegovina people|Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class |
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