| 释义 |
- Election summaries
- Early election dates
- Complete returns California Florida South Carolina
- See also
- Notes
- References
- Bibliography
- External links
{{Infobox Election
| election_name = 1884 United States House of Representatives elections
| country = United States
| flag_year = 1877
| type = legislative
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1882 United States House of Representatives elections
| previous_year = 1882
| next_election = 1886 United States House of Representatives elections
| next_year = 1886
| seats_for_election = All 325 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives
| majority_seats = 163
| election_date = November 4, 1884[1]
| image_size = 160x180px
| image1 = John Griffin Carlisle, Brady-Handy photo portrait, ca1870-1880.jpg
| leader1 = John G. Carlisle
| leaders_seat1 = Kentucky-6th
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States)
| last_election1 = 199 seats[2]
| seats_before1 =
| seats1 = 183[4][5][6]
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 16
| image2 = Thomas Brackett Reed - Brady-Handy.jpg
| leader2 = Thomas Brackett Reed
| leaders_seat2 = Maine-1st
| party2 = Republican Party (United States)
| last_election2 = 118 seats[7]
| seats_before2 =
| seats2 = 141[4][5]
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 23
| party4 = Greenback Party
| last_election4 = 2 seats
| seats_before4 =
| seats4 = 1[4][5]
| seat_change4 = {{decrease}} 1
| title = Speaker
| before_election = John G. Carlisle
| after_election = John G. Carlisle
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| map_image = House049ElectionMap.png
| map_size = 400px
| map_caption = Elections results from the 1884 elections
}}Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1884 for Representatives in the 49th Congress. These election coincided with the election of President Grover Cleveland. In spite of Cleveland's victory, the opposition Republican Party gained back some of the seats lost in 1882, but the Democratic Party retained a majority in the House. Republicans were able to make these slight gains by connecting their pro-business and industry message with progress. The Democrats were also hindered by the Panic of 1884, but were not greatly affected by it since the depression ended quickly. Election summaries ↓| 183 | 1 | 141 | | Democratic | Gb | Republican | | State | Type | Total
seats | Democratic | Republican | Others |
|---|
| Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change |
|---|
| Alabama | District | 8 | 8 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Arkansas | District[8] | 5 | 5 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | California | District[8] | 6 | 1 | {{decrease}} 5 | 5 | {{increase}} 5 | 0 | {{steady}} | | Colorado | At-large | 1 | 0 | {{steady}} | 1 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Connecticut | District | 4 | 2 | {{decrease}} 1 | 2 | {{increase}} 1 | 0 | {{steady}} | | Delaware | At-large | 1 | 1 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Florida | District | 2 | 2 | {{increase}} 1 | 0 | {{decrease}} 1 | 0 | {{steady}} | | Georgia | District[8] | 10 | 10 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Illinois | District | 20 | 10 | {{increase}} 1 | 10 | {{decrease}} 1 | 0 | {{steady}} | | Indiana | District | 13 | 9 | {{steady}} | 4 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Iowa | District | 11 | 3 | {{increase}} 1 | 7 | {{decrease}} 1 | 1[9] | {{steady}} | | Kansas | District[8] | 7 | 0 | {{steady}} | 7 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Kentucky | District | 11 | 10 | {{increase}} 1 | 1 | {{decrease}} 1 | 0 | {{steady}} | | Louisiana | District | 6 | 5 | {{steady}} | 1 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Maine[10] | District[11] | 4 | 0 | {{steady}} | 4 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Maryland | District | 6 | 5 | {{increase}} 1 | 1 | {{decrease}} 1 | 0 | {{steady}} | | Massachusetts | District | 12 | 2 | {{decrease}} 1 | 10 | {{increase}} 1 | 0 | {{steady}} | | Michigan | District | 11 | 7 | {{increase}} 1 | 4 | {{decrease}} 1 | 0 | {{steady}} | | Minnesota | District | 5 | 0 | {{steady}} | 5 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Mississippi | District | 7 | 7 | {{increase}} 2 | 0 | {{decrease}} 1 | 0 | {{decrease}} 1[12] | | Missouri | District | 14 | 12 | {{decrease}} 2 | 2 | {{increase}} 2 | 0 | {{steady}} | | Nebraska | District | 3 | 0 | {{steady}} | 3 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Nevada | At-large | 1 | 0 | {{decrease}} 1 | 1 | {{increase}} 1 | 0 | {{steady}} | | New Hampshire | District | 2 | 0 | {{steady}} | 2 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | New Jersey | District | 7 | 3 | {{steady}} | 4 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | New York | District[8] | 34 | 17[6] | {{decrease}} 4 | 17 | {{increase}} 4 | 0 | {{steady}} | | North Carolina | District[8] | 9 | 8 | {{increase}} 1 | 1 | {{decrease}} 1 | 0 | {{steady}} | | Ohio[10] | District | 21 | 11 | {{decrease}} 2 | 10 | {{increase}} 2 | 0 | {{steady}} | | Oregon[10] | At-large | 1 | 0 | {{steady}} | 1 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Pennsylvania | District
+ at-large | 28 | 8 | {{decrease}} 4 | 20 | {{increase}} 5 | 0 | {{decrease}} 1[9] | | Rhode Island | District | 2 | 0 | {{steady}} | 2 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | South Carolina | District | 7 | 6 | {{steady}} | 1 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Tennessee | District | 10 | 7 | {{decrease}} 1 | 3 | {{increase}} 1 | 0 | {{steady}} | | Texas | District | 11 | 11 | {{increase}} 1 | 0 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{decrease}} 1[12] | | Vermont[10] | District | 2 | 0 | {{steady}} | 2 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Virginia | District[8] | 10 | 8 | {{increase}} 2 | 2 | {{increase}} 2 | 0 | {{decrease}} 4[13] | | West Virginia | District | 4 | 3 | {{steady}} | 1 | {{steady}} | 0 | {{steady}} | | Wisconsin | District | 9 | 2 | {{decrease}} 4 | 7 | {{increase}} 4 | 0 | {{steady}} | | Total | 325 | 183[4][6]
56.3% | {{decrease}} 12 | 141[4]
43.4% | {{increase}} 19 | 1[4]
0.6% | {{decrease}} 7 |
{{bar box
|title=House seats
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars={{bar percent|Democratic|{{Democratic Party (US)/meta/color}}|56.31}}{{bar percent|Republican|{{Republican Party (US)/meta/color}}|43.38}}{{bar percent|Greenback|{{Greenback Party/meta/color}}|0.31}}
}}Early election datesIn 1884, four states, with 28 seats among them, held elections early: - June 2 Oregon
- September 2 Vermont
- September 13 Maine
- October 14 Ohio
Complete returnsParty abbreviations - I: Independent
- IR: Independent Republican
- Pop: Populist
- Pr: Prohibition
- R: United States
California{{main|United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1884}}Two new districts were created for the seats gained in the 1882 reapportionment, eliminating the at-large district that had been created for them. | District | Incumbent | Party | First
elected | Result | Candidates |
|---|
| California|1|California 1}} | Barclay Henley
Redistricted from 2nd district | Democratic | 1882 | Re-elected | Barclay Henley (D) 49.7%
Thomas L. Carothers (R) 49.3%
C. C. Bateman (Pr) 1% | | California|2|California 2}} | Charles A. Sumner
Redistricted from the at-large district | Democratic | 1882 | Lost re-election
Republican gain | James A. Louttit (R) 49.4%
Charles A. Sumner (D) 49.1%
Joshua B. Webster (Pr) 1.5% | | California|3|California 3}} | John R. Glascock
Redistricted from the at-large district | Democratic | 1882 | Lost re-election
Republican gain | Joseph McKenna (R) 55.8%
John R. Glascock (D) 42.3%
Joshua B. Wills (Pr) 1%
A. B. Burns (Pop) 0.9% | | California|4|California 4}} | William Rosecrans
Redistricted from 1st district | Democratic | 1880 | Retired
Republican gain | William W. Morrow (R) 58.8%
R. P. Hastings (D) 40.7%
H. S. Fitch (Pop) 0.5%
George Babcock (Pr) 0.0% | | California|5|California 5}} | Pleasant B. Tully
Redistricted from 4th district | Democratic | 1882 | Retired
Republican gain | Charles N. Felton (R) 48.8%
Frank J. Sullivan (D) 48.4%
C. Henderson (Pr) 1.4%
A. E. Redstone (I) 1.4% | | California|6|California 6}} | None (District created) | New seat
Republican gain | Henry H. Markham (R) 49.1%
R. F. Del Valle (D) 47.9%
Will D. Gould (Pr) 2.3%
Isaac Kinley (Pop) 0.7% |
Florida{{main|United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, 1884}}| District | Incumbent | Party | First
elected | Result | Candidates |
|---|
| FL|1|Florida 1}} | Robert H. M. Davidson | Democratic | 1876 | Re-elected | Robert H. M. Davidson (D) 55.1%
Eugene O. Locke (R) 44.9% | | FL|2|Florida 2}} | Horatio Bisbee, Jr. | Republican | 1880 | Lost re-election
Democratic gain | Charles Dougherty (D) 51.8%
Horatio Bisbee, Jr. (R) 47.6%
Josiah T. Walls (IR) 0.6% |
South Carolina{{main|United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1884}}| District | Incumbent | Party | First
elected | Result | Candidates |
|---|
| SC|1|South Carolina 1}} | Samuel Dibble | Democratic | 1882 | Re-elected | Samuel Dibble (D) 73.5%
W. N. Taft (R) 26.5% | | SC|2|South Carolina 2}} | George D. Tillman | Democratic | 1878 | Re-elected | George D. Tillman (D) 84.4%
E. J. Dickerson (R) 14.2%
Others 1.4% | | SC|3|South Carolina 3}} | D. Wyatt Aiken | Democratic | 1876 | Re-elected | D. Wyatt Aiken (D) 93.5%
John R. Tolbert (R) 6.5% | | SC|4|South Carolina 4}} | Previous incumbent John H. Evins (D) died on October 20, 1884 | Democratic hold | William H. Perry (D) 99.4%
Others 0.6% | | SC|5|South Carolina 5}} | John J. Hemphill | Democratic | 1882 | Re-elected | John J. Hemphill (D) 74.5%
C. C. Macoy (R) 21.8%
Others 3.7% | | SC|6|South Carolina 6}} | George W. Dargan | Democratic | 1882 | Re-elected | George W. Dargan (D) 74.0%
Edmund H. Deas (R) 23.3%
Others 2.7% | | SC|7|South Carolina 7}} | Robert Smalls | Republican | 1884 (special) | Re-elected | Robert Smalls (R) 63.6%
William Elliott (D) 34.6%
Others 1.8% |
See also- United States elections, 1884
- United States presidential election, 1884
- United States Senate elections, 1884
- 48th United States Congress
- 49th United States Congress
Notes1. ^Four states held early elections between June 2 and October 14.
2. ^Included 3 Independent Democrats.
3. ^1 Vacancy
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 Martis, pp. 138–139.
5. ^1 2 Dubin (p. 271) counts 182 Democrats, 142 Republicans, and 1 Greenback at the start of the 49th United States Congress.
6. ^1 2 Includes 1 Independent Democrat, Truman A. Merriman of NY-11.
7. ^Included 1 Independent Republican.
8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 At-large seats eliminated in redistricting.
9. ^1 Greenback Party
10. ^1 2 3 Elections held early.
11. ^Changed from at-large.
12. ^1 Independent in previous election.
13. ^Readjuster Party
References{{Reflist}}Bibliography- {{cite book | first=Michael J. |last=Dubin | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ElyQgAACAAJ&dq=United+States+Congressional+Elections,+1788-1997:+The+Official+Results&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wvC6VL-aL5etyAS3_YCADA&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA | title=United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses | publisher=McFarland and Company | date=March 1, 1998 |isbn=978-0786402830}}
- {{cite book | first=Kenneth C. |last=Martis | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q0hyQgAACAAJ&dq=The+Historical+Atlas+of+Political+Parties+in+the+United+States+Congress,+1789-1989&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gKTGVOiSCM22oQSk9oHoAg&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA | title=The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989 | publisher=Macmillan Publishing Company | date=January 1, 1989 |isbn=978-0029201701}}
- {{cite book | editor-first=John L. |editor-last=Moore | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sKERAQAAMAAJ&q=isbn:9780871879967&dq=isbn:9780871879967&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_K_GVIfQJcbWoASvxIKwCQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA | title=Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections | publisher=Congressional Quarterly Inc. | edition=Third | date=1994 |isbn=978-0871879967}}
- {{cite web | url=http://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/ |title=Party Divisions of the House of Representatives 1789–Present |publisher=Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives |date= |accessdate=January 21, 2015}}
External links- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
{{United States House of Representatives elections}} 1 : 1884 United States House of Representatives elections |