| 词条 | Lindt & Sprüngli | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Chocoladefabriken Lindt & Sprüngli AG | logo = Lindt & Sprüngli.svg | type = Aktiengesellschaft | traded_as = {{SWX|LISN}} {{SWX|LISP}} | founders = David Sprüngli-Schwarz Rudolf Sprüngli-Ammann | key_people = Ernst Tanner (Exec.Chairman) Dieter Weisskopf (CEO)[1] | industry = Confectionery | products = Chocolate, confectionery, ice cream | revenue = 4.088 billion CHF (2017)[2][3] | operating_income = | net_income = {{profit}} 452.5 million CHF (2017) | num_employees = 13 949 (2017) | divisions = | subsid = Ghirardelli Russell Stover Caffarel Hofbauer Küfferle | foundation = 1845 | location_city = Kilchberg | location_country = Switzerland | homepage = {{URL|http://www.lindt.com}} {{URL|http://www.lindt-spruengli.com/investors/}} }} Chocoladefabriken Lindt & Sprüngli AG, more commonly known as Lindt, is a Swiss chocolatier and confectionery company founded in 1845 and known for its chocolate truffles and chocolate bars, among other sweets. HistoryFounding and early yearsThe origins of the company date back to 1836, when David Sprüngli-Schwarz and his son Rudolf Sprüngli-Ammann bought a small confectionery shop in the old town of Zürich, producing chocolates under the name David Sprüngli & Son. Before they moved to Paradeplatz in 1845, they established a small factory where they produced their chocolate in solidified form in 1838. When Rudolf Sprüngli-Ammann retired in 1892, he gave two equal parts of the business to his sons. The younger brother David Robert received two confectionery stores that became known under the name Confiserie Sprüngli. The elder brother Johann Rudolf received the chocolate factory. To raise the necessary finances for his expansion plans, Johann Rudolf then converted his private company into "Chocolat Sprüngli AG" in 1899. In that same year, he acquired the chocolate factory of Rodolphe Lindt in Bern, and the company changed its name to "Aktiengesellschaft Vereinigte Berner und Züricher Chocoladefabriken Lindt & Sprüngli" (United Bern and Zurich Lindt and Sprungli Chocolate Factory Ltd.).[4] ExpansionIn 1994, Lindt & Sprüngli acquired the Austrian chocolatier, Hofbauer Österreich, and integrated it, along with its Küfferle brand, into the company. In 1997 and 1998, respectively, the company acquired the Italian chocolatier Caffarel and the American chocolatier Ghirardelli, and integrated both of them into the company as wholly owned subsidiaries. Since then, Lindt & Sprüngli has expanded the once-regional Ghirardelli to the international market. On 17 March 2009, Lindt announced the closure of 50 of its 80 retail boutiques in the United States because of weaker demand in the wake of the late-2000s recession.[5] Recent developmentsOn 14 July 2014, Lindt bought Russell Stover Candies, maker of Whitman's Chocolate, for about $1 billion, the company's largest acquisition to date.[6] In November 2018, Lindt opened its first American travel retail store in JFK Airport's Terminal 1 and its flagship Canadian shop in Yorkdale Shopping Centre, Toronto.[7][8] FactoriesLindt & Sprüngli has twelve factories: Kilchberg, Switzerland; Aachen, Germany; Oloron-Sainte-Marie, France; Induno Olona, Italy; Gloggnitz, Austria; and Stratham, New Hampshire, in the United States. The factory in Gloggnitz, Austria, manufactures products under the Hofbauer & Küfferle brand in addition to the Lindt brand. Caffarel's factory is located in Luserna San Giovanni, Italy, and Ghirardelli's factory is located in San Leandro, California, in the United States.[9] Furthermore, there are four more factories of Russell Stover in the United States. Lindt chocolate cafésLindt has opened over 410 chocolate cafés and shops all over the world.[10][11][12] The cafés' menu offers mostly focuses on chocolate and desserts. They also sell handmade chocolates, macaroons, cakes, and ice cream. ProductsLindorOriginally, Lindor was introduced as a bar in 1949 and later in 1967 in form of a ball.[4] Lindor is a type of chocolate produced by Lindt, which is now characterized by a hard chocolate shell and a smooth chocolate filling. It comes in both a ball and a bar variety, as well as in a variety of flavours. Each flavour listed below has its own wrapper colour:[13]
Most of the US Lindor truffles are manufactured in Stratham, New Hampshire.[4] In 2009, Swiss tennis star Roger Federer was named as Lindt's "global brand ambassador", and began appearing in a series of commercials endorsing Lindor.[14] Seasonal confectioneriesLindt also produces the Gold Bunny, a hollow milk chocolate rabbit in a variety of sizes available every Easter since 1952.[15][16] Each bunny wears a small coloured ribbon bow around its neck identifying the type of chocolate contained within. The milk chocolate bunny wears a red ribbon, the dark chocolate bunny wears a dark brown ribbon, the hazelnut bunny wears a green ribbon, and the white chocolate bunny wears a white ribbon. Other chocolates are wrapped to look like carrots, chicks, or lambs. The lambs are packaged with four white lambs and one black lamb. During the Christmas season, Lindt produces a variety of items, including chocolate reindeer (which somewhat resemble the classic bunny), Santa, snowmen figures of various sizes, bears, bells, advent calendars, and chocolate ornaments. Various tins and boxes are available in the Lindt stores, the most popular colour schemes being the red and blue. Other seasonal items include Lindt chocolate novelty golf balls.[17] For Valentine's Day, Lindt sells a boxed version of the Gold Bunny, which comes as a set of two kissing bunnies.[18] Other Valentine's Day seasonal items include a selection of heart-shaped boxes of Lindor chocolate truffles. Chocolate barsLindt sells a variety of chocolate bars. Flavours from the Excellence range include:[19]
Petits dessertsLindt's "Petits Desserts" range embodies famous European desserts in a small cube of chocolate. Flavours include: Tarte au Chocolat, Crème Brulée, Tiramisu, Creme Caramel, Tarte Citron, Meringue, and Noir Orange.[20] Lindt makes a "Creation" range of chocolate-filled cubes: Milk Mousse, Dark Milk Mousse, White Milk Mousse, Chocolate Mousse, Orange Mousse, Pistachio and Cherry/Chili.[21] LiqueursBâtons Kirsch are Lindt Kirsch liqueur-filled, chocolate-enclosed tubes dusted in cocoa powder.[22] Ice creamIn Australia, Lindt manufactures ice cream in various flavours:[23]
Criticism{{Multiple issues|section=yes|{{Undue weight section|date=November 2017}}{{POV section|date=November 2017}}}} In September 2017, an investigation[24] conducted by NGO Mighty Earth found that a large amount of the cocoa used in chocolate produced by Lindt and other major chocolate companies was grown illegally in national parks and other protected areas in Ivory Coast and Ghana[25][26], the world’s two largest cocoa producers.[27][28] The report documents how, in several national parks and other protected areas, 90% or more of the land mass has been converted to cocoa.[29] Less than four percent of Ivory Coast remains densely forested, and the chocolate companies' laissez-faire approach to sourcing has driven extensive deforestation in Ghana as well.[30] |